Dyneins are described as motor proteins of eukaryotic cells, as they can convert energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to force and movement along cytoskeletal polymers, such as microtubules. Dyneins generally contain one to three heavy chains, where each heavy chain consists of a C-terminal globular head, a flexible microtubule-binding stalk, and a flexible N-terminal tail known as the cargo-binding domain []. The two categories of dyneins are the axonemal dyneins, which produce the bending motions that propagate along cilia and flagella, and the cytosolic dyneins, which drive a variety of fundamental cellular processes including nuclear migration, organisation of the mitotic spindle, chromosome separation during mitosis, and the positioning and function of many intracellular organelles. Cytoplasmic dyneins contain several accessory subunits ranging from light to intermediate chains.This entry represent axonemal dynein heavy chain 1. The human orthologue is expressed primarily in trachea and testis. It is also expressed in brain [, ].
