Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) (also known as diabetes-associated peptideor amylin) is a pancreatic islet hormone that is stored with insulin in betacell granules []. IAPP has a propensity to form islet cell-disrupting amyloid deposits, and opposes the action of insulin in peripheral tissues; the peptide may therefore have a significant role in the development of Type2 diabetes mellitus []. It is thought that an intrinsic structural motif ofIAPP, which only occurs in species that develop age-associated or Type 2 diabetes (e.g., Homo sapiens (Human) and Felis silvestris catus (Cat)), is linked to its amyloidogenicity [].IAPP is a short, 37-residue peptide. The hormone selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and glycogen deposition in muscle,but does not affect adipocyte glucose metabolism. The sequences of amylinand the calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs) show strong similarity:both peptides have a conserved N-terminal intramolecular disulphide bridge,and both have a C-terminal glycine, which suggests that the C-terminalresidue of amylin, like that of CGRP, is amidated [].Near- and far-UV CD spectra of human alpha CGRP, analogues and fragments ofCGRP, and amylin have been recorded in aqueous solution and in trifluoro-ethanol/water mixtures []. The peptides were shown to contain significantamounts of α-helix in aqueous solution, this amount increasing upon addition of TFE. Amylin appears to contain less helix than CGRP [].
Calcitonin []is a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood, by promoting the incorporation of these ions in the bones. This is the alpha type. Alternative splicing of the gene coding for calcitonin produces a distantly related peptide of 37 amino acids, called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta type. CGRP induces vasodilatation in a variety of vessels, including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature. Its abundance in the CNS also points toward a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role.Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) [](also known as diabetes-associated peptide (DAP), or amylin) is a peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism. Structurally, IAPP is closely related to CGRP.Calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 1 stimulates cAMP production via the calcitonin receptor.Two conserved cysteines in the N-terminal of these peptides are known to be involved in a disulphide bond. The C-terminal residue of all three peptides is amidated.xCxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-NH(2)| | Amide group+-----+'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulphide bond.
Calcitonin []is a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood, by promoting the incorporation of these ions in the bones. This is the alpha type. Alternative splicing of the gene coding for calcitonin produces a distantly related peptide of 37 amino acids, called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta type. CGRP induces vasodilatation in a variety of vessels, including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature. Its abundance in the CNS also points toward a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role.Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) [](also known as diabetes-associated peptide (DAP), or amylin) is a peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism. Structurally, IAPP is closely related to CGRP.Calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 1 stimulates cAMP production via the calcitonin receptor.Two conserved cysteines in the N-terminal of these peptides are known to be involved in a disulphide bond. The C-terminal residue of all three peptides is amidated.xCxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-NH(2)| | Amide group+-----+'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulphide bond.
Calcitonin []is a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood, by promoting the incorporation of these ions in the bones. This is the alpha type. Alternative splicing of the gene coding for calcitonin produces a distantly related peptide of 37 amino acids, called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta type. CGRP induces vasodilatation in a variety of vessels, including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature. Its abundance in the CNS also points toward a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role.Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) [](also known as diabetes-associated peptide (DAP), or amylin) is a peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism. Structurally, IAPP is closely related to CGRP.Calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 1 stimulates cAMP production via the calcitonin receptor.Two conserved cysteines in the N-terminal of these peptides are known to be involved in a disulphide bond. The C-terminal residue of all three peptides is amidated.xCxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-NH(2)| | Amide group+-----+'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulphide bond.
Calcitonin []is a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood, by promoting the incorporation of these ions in the bones. This is the alpha type. Alternative splicing of the gene coding for calcitonin produces a distantly related peptide of 37 amino acids, called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), beta type. CGRP induces vasodilatation in a variety of vessels, including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature. Its abundance in the CNS also points toward a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role.Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) [](also known as diabetes-associated peptide (DAP), or amylin) is a peptide of 37 amino acids that selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism. Structurally, IAPP is closely related to CGRP.Calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 1 stimulates cAMP production via the calcitonin receptor.Two conserved cysteines in the N-terminal of these peptides are known to be involved in a disulphide bond. The C-terminal residue of all three peptides is amidated.xCxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-NH(2)| | Amide group+-----+'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulphide bond.This entry represents procalcitonin (before cleavage into the calcitonin peptide) and adrenomedullin.
