This entry represents dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). DUOX1 and DUOX2 are isoenzymes that belong to the family of NADPH oxidases (Nox) []. They function as calcium-dependent NADPH oxidases producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis []and the activity of lactoperoxidase (LPO) []. Duox2 is activated by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and can be suppressed by thyroglobulin (Tg) [, ].
This entry includes dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) from mammals and Duox from fruit flies. DUOX1 and DUOX2 are isoenzymes that belong to the family of NADPH oxidases (Nox) []. They function as calcium-dependent NADPH oxidases producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) necessary for thyroid hormone biosynthesis []. Duox is found indispensable for gut antimicrobial activities in fruit flies [].
DuoxA (Dual oxidase maturation factor) is the essential protein necessary for the final release of DUOX2 (an NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase flavoprotein) from the endoplasmic reticulum. Dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) constitute the catalytic core of the hydrogen peroxide generator, which generates H2O2 at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells, essential for iodination of thyroglobulin by thyroid peroxidases. DuoxA carries five membrane-integral regions including a reverse signal-anchor with external N terminus (type III) and two N-glycosylation sites []. It is conserved from nematodes to humans.
