Phosphatidate phosphatase Lpin1 (or Lipin-1) belongs to the Lipin family, which consists of magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes that provide diacylglycerol for synthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipids []. Besides the triglyceride synthesis function, Lpin1 also regulates gene expression through direct protein-protein interactions with DNA-bound transcription factors in liver []. Its interaction with the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) affects liver lipid metabolism []. Lpin1 can also activate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative metabolism through the hepatic PGC-1alpha/PPARalpha regulatory pathway [].Defects in Lpin1 are the cause of the fatty liver dystrophy phenotype (fld) in mice []. Mutations in Lpin1 cause human myoglobinuria, acute recurrent, autosomal recessive (ARARM), which is a recurrent myoglobinuria characteried by recurrent attacks of rhabdomyolysis associated with muscle pain and weakness and followed by excretion of myoglobin in the urine [].
Lipin family consists of lipin proteins, which are magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes that provide diacylglycerol for synthesis of triacylglycerol and phospholipids. Mammalian lipin proteins also exhibit transcriptional coactivator activity []. Common polymorphisms in human LPIN1 and LPIN2 genes are associated with traits underlying common metabolic diseases, including increased adiposity, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and response to commonly used antidiabetic drugs []. Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipin, PAH1, controls transcription of phospholipid biosynthetic genes and nuclear structure by regulating the amount of membrane present at the nuclear envelope. PAH is also involved in plasmid maintenance, in respiration and in cell proliferation [, , ].
