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Search results 1 to 7 out of 7 for Ulk1

Category restricted to ProteinDomain (x)

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Category: ProteinDomain
Type Details Score
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents the N-terminal domain of autophagy-related protein 13 (Atg13) from yeasts, animals and plants. They function in autophagy.Fission yeast autophagy initiation is controlled by the Atg1 kinase complex, which is composed of the Ser/Thr kinase Atg1, the adaptor protein Atg13, and the ternary complex of Atg17-Atg31-Atg29. Atg13 recruits Atg1 to the site of autophagosome formation and enhancing Atg1 kinase activity. Atg13 may have additional functions that are independent of a direct interaction or permanent colocalization with Atg1 []. In vertebrates, the orthologous ULK1 kinase complex contains the Ser/Thr kinase ULK1 and the accessory proteins ATG13, RB1CC1, and ATG101 []. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, Atg13 plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation [].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents autophagy-related protein 13 (Atg13) from yeasts, animals and plants, which functions in autophagy.Fission yeast autophagy initiation is controlled by the Atg1 kinase complex, which is composed of the Ser/Thr kinase Atg1, the adaptor protein Atg13, and the ternary complex of Atg17-Atg31-Atg29. Atg13 recruits Atg1 to the site of autophagosome formation and enhancing Atg1 kinase activity. Atg13 may have additional functions that are independent of a direct interaction or permanent colocalization with Atg1 []. In vertebrates, the orthologous ULK1 kinase complex contains the Ser/Thr kinase ULK1 and the accessory proteins ATG13, RB1CC1, and ATG101 []. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, Atg13 plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation [].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents short coiled-coil protein (SCOC). In human, SCOC is required for autophagosome formation during amino acid starvation. It forms a starvation-sensitive trimeric complex with UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated gene) and FEZ1 and may regulate ULK1 and Beclin 1 complex activities [].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Protein phosphorylation, which plays a key role in most cellular activities, is a reversible process mediated by protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases. Protein kinases catalyse the transfer of the gamma phosphate from nucleotide triphosphates (often ATP) to one or more amino acid residues in a protein substrate side chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function. Phosphoprotein phosphatases catalyse the reverse process. Protein kinases fall into three broad classes, characterised with respect to substrate specificity []:Serine/threonine-protein kinasesTyrosine-protein kinasesDual specificity protein kinases (e.g. MEK - phosphorylates both Thr and Tyr on target proteins)Protein kinase function is evolutionarily conserved from Escherichia coli to human []. Protein kinases play a role in a multitude of cellular processes, including division, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation []. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The catalytic subunits of protein kinases are highly conserved, and several structures have been solved [], leading to large screens to develop kinase-specific inhibitors for the treatments of a number of diseases [].This represents serine/threonine-protein kinases (), such as Ulk1 and Ulk2 (Unc-51-Like Kinase). Ulk1 and Ulk2 regulate filopodia extension and branching of sensory axons. They are important for axon growth, playing an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells [, ].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents a group of Serine/threonine-protein kinases, including Atg1 from yeasts, Unc-51 from C. elegans, Ulk1-3 from humans and ATG1a/b/c/t from Arabidopsis.Atg1 is required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway [].Ulk1-3 are involved in autophagy in response to starvation [, ]. Ulk1 and Ulk2 regulate filopodia extension and branching of sensory axons. They are important for axon growth, playing an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells [, ]. Unc-51 is important for axonal elongation and axonal guidance []. It is required for either the maintenance of axons (membrane turnover) or for an unknown neuronal function. C elegans worms lacking Unc-51 exhibit various abnormalities in axonal elongation and axonal structures. Unc-51 could also help control cell size along with Bec-1, as mutations in their corresponding genes results in a reduction in small body size without affecting cell number []. Unc-51 is also a component of the Unc-51/Atg-13 complex that is probably recruited by lgg-1 to preautophagosomes and is required for autophagosome formation [].In plants, the ATG1/13 complex is both a regulator and a target of autophagy [].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Ral protein family, including RALA and RALB, belongs to the RAS family of small GTPases. Like other RAS GTPases, Ral proteins function as molecular switches alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GT-bound states [].In humans, RALA and RALB are activated in tumour-derived cell lines. RALA severely impairs the anchorage-independent proliferation of cancer cell lines [], while RALB is required to suppress apoptotic checkpoint activation and is essential for the survival of a variety of tumour-derived cell lines []. RALA and RALB share the same effector molecules, such as SEC5 and EXO84. However, they seem to function in distinct but inter-related biological processes. RALA regulates the assembly interface of a full octameric exocyst complex through interaction with Sec5 and Exo84 []. The RALB/Sec5 effector complex is involved in the TBK1-dependent innate immune signaling [], while the interaction between PALB and EXO84 promotes the assembly of catalytically active ULK1 and the beclin-1-VPS34 autophagy initiation complex []. This entry also includes Xenopus RalA and RalB. RalB regulates the actin cytoskeleton during the early development and affects gastrulation [].
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This the Atg13-binding region of Atg1 which comprises two tandem MIT (microtubule interacting and transport) domains, named tMIT [].Members of this entry are Serine/threonine-protein kinases, including Atg1 from yeasts, Unc-51 from C. elegans and Ulk1-2 from humans.Atg1 is required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway [, ].Ulk1-2 are involved in autophagy in response to starvation [, ]. Ulk1 and Ulk2 regulate filopodia extension and branching of sensory axons. They are important for axon growth, playing an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells [, ]. Unc-51 is important for axonal elongation and axonal guidance []. It is required for either the maintenance of axons (membrane turnover) or for an unknown neuronal function. C elegans worms lacking Unc-51 exhibit various abnormalities in axonal elongation and axonal structures. Unc-51 could also help control cell size along with Bec-1, as mutations in their corresponding genes results in a reduction in small body size without affecting cell number []. Unc-51 is also a component of the Unc-51/Atg-13 complex that is probably recruited by lgg-1 to preautophagosomes and is required for autophagosome formation [].