This family contains mammalian proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1, also known as DDA3. DDA3 is a microtubule-destabilising protein that controls spindle dynamics and mitotic progression by regulating microtubule depolymerases, such as Kif2a and MCAK [, ]. Deletion of DDA3 causes spindle hyper-stabilisation, inter-kinectochore tension loss, chromosome congression defects. And this leads to unaligned chromosomes at metaphase and the accumulation of CENP-E (a plus end-motor protein) at kinectochore in these chromosomes []. It has also been suggested that DDA3 may participate in p53/TP53-regulated growth suppression [].
This is a family of phosphoproteins which includes proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (PSRC1, also known as DDA3) and G2 and S phase-expressed protein 1 (GTSE1).DDA3 is a microtubule-destabilising protein that controls spindle dynamics and mitotic progression by regulating microtubule depolymerases, such as Kif2a and MCAK [, ]. Deletion of DDA3 causes spindle hyper-stabilisation, inter-kinectochore tension loss, chromosome congression defects. This leads to unaligned chromosomes at metaphase and the accumulation of CENP-E (a plus end-motor protein) at kinectochore in these chromosomes []. It has also been suggested that DDA3 may participate in p53/TP53-regulated growth suppression []. GTSE1 may be involved in p53-induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase by interfering with microtubule rearrangements that are required to enter mitosis []. When overexpressed, GTSE1 delays G2/M phase progression [].
This entry represents the microtubule-associated tumour suppressor (MTUS1) family, including AT2 receptor-interacting proteins (ATIPs) from mammals and Inner centromere Kin-I stimulator (ICIS) from Xenopus. The transcript variants of human MTUS1 gene can be classified into three major groups (ATIP1, ATIP3 and ATIP4) based on their tissue distribution and utilisation of its exons []. ATIP1, also known as MTSG1, interacts with the AT2 receptor and is involved in its activation. AT2 receptor could antagonise the effect of the AT1 receptor and generate anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and anti-inflammatory responses []. It may cooperate with AT2 to inactivate the receptor tyrosine kinases [].ATIP3 is a microtubule associated protein whose expression is diminished in breast cancer []. It localises at the mitotic spindle throughout mitosis and decorates the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis []. It is a homologue of the Xenopus ICIS protein, which is an inner centromere protein acting as a scaffold to bring the microtubule-depolymerising kinesins MCAK and Kif2A to the kinetochore []. ICIS may regulate kinesin depolymerase activity at the mitotic spindle and ensures proper chromosome segregation during mitosis []. ATIP4 may be involved in brain development and/or cognition [].
