Pancreatic hormone (PP) []is a peptide synthesized in pancreatic islets of Langherhans, which acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions.The hormone is produced as a larger propeptide, which is enzymatically cleaved to yield the mature active peptide: this is 36 amino acids in length []and has an amidated C terminus []. The hormone has a globular structure, residues 2-8 forming a left-handed poly-proline-II-like helix, residues 9-13 a beta turn, and 14-32 an α-helix, held close to the first helix by hydrophobic interactions []. Unlike glucagon, another peptide hormone, the structure of pancreatic peptide is preserved in aqueous solution []. Both N and C termini are required for activity: receptor binding and activation functions may reside in the N and C termini respectively [].Pancreatic hormone is part of a wider family of active peptides that includes:Neuropeptide Y (NPY or melanostatin) [], one of the most abundant peptides in the mammalian nervous system. NPY is implicated in the control of feeding and the secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone.Peptide YY (PYY) []. PPY is a gut peptide that inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictor action and inhibits jejunal and colonic mobility. Known as goannatyrotoxin-Vere1 in the venom of the pygmy desert monitor lizard (Varanus eremius) where it has a triphasic action: rapid biphasic hypertension followed by prolonged hypotension in prey animals [].Various NPY and PYY-like polypeptides from fish and amphibians [, ].Neuropeptide F (NPF) from invertebrates such as worms and snail.Skin peptide Tyr-Tyr (SPYY) from the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. SPYY shows a large spectra of antibacterial and antifungal activity.Polypeptide MY (peptide methionine-tyrosine). A regulatory peptide from the intestine of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) [].All these peptides are 36 to 39 amino acids long. Like most active peptides, their C-terminal is amidated and they are synthesized as larger protein precursors.This entry represents a conserved region corresponding to the C-terminal end of the active peptide.
Pancreatic hormone (PP) []is a peptide synthesized in pancreatic islets of Langherhans, which acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions.The hormone is produced as a larger propeptide, which is enzymatically cleaved to yield the mature active peptide: this is 36 amino acids in length []and has an amidated C terminus []. The hormone has a globular structure, residues 2-8 forming a left-handed poly-proline-II-like helix, residues 9-13 a beta turn, and 14-32 an α-helix, held close to the first helix by hydrophobic interactions []. Unlike glucagon, another peptide hormone, the structure of pancreatic peptide is preserved in aqueous solution []. Both N and C termini are required for activity: receptor binding and activation functions may reside in the N and C termini respectively [].Pancreatic hormone is part of a wider family of active peptides that includes:Neuropeptide Y (NPY or melanostatin) [], one of the most abundant peptides in the mammalian nervous system. NPY is implicated in the control of feeding and the secretion of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone.Peptide YY (PYY) []. PPY is a gut peptide that inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictor action and inhibits jejunal and colonic mobility. Known as goannatyrotoxin-Vere1 in the venom of the pygmy desert monitor lizard (Varanus eremius) where it has a triphasic action: rapid biphasic hypertension followed by prolonged hypotension in prey animals [].Various NPY and PYY-like polypeptides from fish and amphibians [, ].Neuropeptide F (NPF) from invertebrates such as worms and snail.Skin peptide Tyr-Tyr (SPYY) from the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. SPYY shows a large spectra of antibacterial and antifungal activity.Polypeptide MY (peptide methionine-tyrosine). A regulatory peptide from the intestine of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) [].All these peptides are 36 to 39 amino acids long. Like most active peptides, their C-terminal is amidated and they are synthesized as larger protein precursors.
