The transcription factor Yap1 is a central regulator of the response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the active oxidized form, a nuclear export signal (NES) in the carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich domain is masked by disulphide-bond-mediated interactions with a conserved amino-terminal α-helix. Upon reduction of the disulphide bonds, Yap1 undergoes a change that exposes the NES and allows redistribution to the cytoplasm []. This entry represents a redox-regulated domain superfamily of Yap1.
Proteins in the transcriptional enhancer factor family (also known as TEAD family, includes TEAD 1 to 4) play a key role in the Hippo signaling pathway, a pathway involved in organ size control and tumour suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein MST1/MST2, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. TEAD transcription factors act by mediating gene expression of YAP1 and WWTR1/TAZ, thereby regulating cell proliferation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction [, ]. This entry includes protein Scalloped from Drosophila melanogasterwhich in combination with protein Vestigial promotes wing formation [], and in combination with Yorkie which promotes transcriptional activity and movement of Yorkie to the nucleus [].
The TEAD family (also known as TEF family) transcription factors play a key role in the Hippo signaling pathway, a pathway involved in organ size control and tumour suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein MST1/MST2, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. TEAD transcription factors act by mediating gene expression of YAP1 and WWTR1/TAZ, thereby regulating cell proliferation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction [, ].Four TEAD genes exist in mammals (TEAD 1 to 4). TEAD3 (transcriptional enhancer factor TEF-5) has a role in placental development [].
The TEAD family (also known as the TEF family) transcription factors play a key role in the Hippo signaling pathway, a pathway involved in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein MST1/MST2, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. TEAD transcription factors act by mediating gene expression of YAP1 and WWTR1/TAZ, thereby regulating cell proliferation, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction [, ].Four TEAD genes exist in mammals (TEAD 1 to 4). TEAD4 protein (also known as TEF-3) was reported to regulate muscle-specific genes in cardiac and smooth muscle cells []. Alternatively spliced transcripts for TEAD4 have been identified in human retinal vascular endothelial cells []. TEAD4 protein has been shown to enhance VEGF gene expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells [].
There are two mammalian homologue of Drosophila tumor suppressor Lats (large tumor suppressor, also known as Warts): LATS1 and LATS2. Lats/Warts is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that negatively regulates YAP1 (Drosophila Yorkie (Yki) homologue) in the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis [, ]. This entry represents LATS1 from mammals. During cell division, LATS1 interacts with MOB1A and serves as a mitotic exit network kinase [].
TRAPPC14 (also known as MAP11) is a microtubule associated protein that regulates preciliary trafficking of Rabin8 (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab8) and ciliogenesis []. It is a specific subunit of the TRAPP (transport protein particle) II complex, a highly conserved vesicle tethering complex that functions in late Golgi trafficking as a membrane tether [, , ]. TRAPPC14 is dispensable for TRAPPII complex integrity but mediates Rabin8 association with the TRAPPII complex []. It also modulates YAP1 activity as transcriptional regulator []. Mutations in the MAP11 gene cause microcephaly in humans and zebrafish [].
There are two mammalian homologue of Drosophila tumor suppressor Lats (large tumor suppressor, also known as Warts): LATS1 and LATS2. Lats/Warts is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that negatively regulates YAP1 (Drosophila Yorkie (Yki) homologue) in the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis [, ]. This entry represents LATS2, which plays an important part in centrosome duplication, maintenance of mitotic fidelity and genomic stability []. This entry also includes Warts from Drosophila melanogaster which is a negative regulator of Yorkie (Yki) in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signalling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumour suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis [].
