The glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain is an around 60-amino acid domain which contains a conserved GP[YF]xxxx[MV]xxWxxx[GN]YF motif. It was identified in the human intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two tandem PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2. Binding experiments and mutational analyses have demonstrated the critical importance of the GYF tripeptide in ligand binding. A GYF domain is also found in several other eukaryotic proteins of unknown function []. It has been proposed that the GYF domain found in these proteins could also be involved in proline-rich sequence recognition [].Resolution of the structure of the CD2BP2 GYF domain by NMR spectroscopy revealed a compact domain with a β-β-α-β-beta topology, where the single α-helix is tilted away from the twisted, anti-parallel β-sheet. The conserved residues of the GYF domain create a contiguous patch of predominantly hydrophobic nature which forms an integral part of the ligand-binding site []. There is limited homology within the C-terminal 20-30 amino acids of various GYF domains, supporting the idea that this part of the domain is structurally but not functionally important [].
The glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain is an around 60-amino acid domain which contains a conserved GP[YF]xxxx[MV]xxWxxx[GN]YF motif. It was identified in the human intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two tandem PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2. Binding experiments and mutational analyses have demonstrated the critical importance of the GYF tripeptide in ligand binding. A GYF domain is also found in several other eukaryotic proteins of unknown function []. It has been proposed that the GYF domain found in these proteins could also be involved in proline-rich sequence recognition [].Resolution of the structure of the CD2BP2 GYF domain by NMR spectroscopy revealed a compact domain with a β-β-α-β-beta topology, where the single α-helix is tilted away from the twisted, anti-parallel β-sheet. The conserved residues of the GYF domain create a contiguous patch of predominantly hydrophobic nature which forms an integral part of the ligand-binding site []. There is limited homology within the C-terminal 20-30 amino acids of various GYF domains, supporting the idea that this part of the domain is structurally but not functionally important [].This entry also matches Arabidopsis histone methyltransferases ATXR3/SDG2 and ATXR7/SDG25, which contain two partial GYF domains towards the N terminus []. Histone methyltransferase ATXR7 is involved in regulation of flowering time []. It is specifically required for the trimethylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus, it prevents the trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus. ATXR3 is also required for H3K4 trimethylation and is crucial for both sporophyte and gametophyte development in plants [, ].
