Mammalian Polycomb-like gene MTF2/PCL2 forms a complex with Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) and collaborates with PRC1 to achieve repression of Hox gene expression []. The human MTF2 gene is expressed inthree splicing variants, each of them contains the short C-terminal domain defined here.
This entry represents to the second PHD finger found in MTF2.MTF2 (also known as PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation []. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells []. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression []. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain.
This entry represents the first PHD finger found in MTF2.MTF2 (also known as PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation []. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells []. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression []. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain.
Unlike mammalian mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA), yeasts mtDNAs have introns. This entry represents the C-terminal region of Mtf2 from S. cerevisiae and its homologue in S. pombe, C5D6.12, although they share weak amino acid sequence similarity. Mtf2 from S. cerevisiae is required for overall mitochondrial protein synthesis, whereas the S. pombe counterpart has a more limited role, as it is required for cox1 gene expression [].
Unlike mammalian mitochondrial DNAs, yeast mtDNAs have introns. S. pombe mtDNA contains only three introns: two in cox1 and one in cob1. Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mtf2 (SPAC5D6.12) is required for cox1 gene expression. It shares very weak amino acid sequence similarity with S. cerevisiae Mtf2, and seems to have a more limited role than its S. cerevisiae counterpart, which is required for overall mitochondrial protein synthesis [].
This entry represents the second PHD finger found in PHF19.PHF19 (also known as PCL3), is a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin []. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds H3K36me3 through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation [, , ]. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states [].
