Specificity protein 4 (Sp4) belongs to the Sp family of transcription factors that regulate expression of genes implicated in a variety of biological processes.Sp4 is highly expressed in neurons []where it mediates the coupling of neuronal activity and energy generation []. Sp4 regulates the developmental patterning of dendrites, contributes to complex processes including learning and memory, and has been linked to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [, , , , , ]. It is also required for normal growth and male fertility in mice [].
