Type |
Details |
Score |
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry represents the carboxypeptidase domain (CPD) found in carboxypeptidase Z. Carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ; MEROPS identifier M14.012) belongs to subfamily M14B (N/E subfamily) of the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) []. CPZ is a secreted Zn-dependent enzyme whose biological function is largely unknown. Unlike other members of the N/E subfamily, CPZ has a bipartite structure, which consists of an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) whose sequence is similar to Wnt-binding proteins, and a C-terminal CP catalytic domain that removes C-terminal Arg residues from substrates. CPZ is enriched in the extracellular matrix and is widely distributed during early embryogenesis [, ]. That the CRD of CPZ can bind to Wnt4 suggests that CPZ plays a role in Wnt signaling [, ].The carboxypeptidase A family can be divided into four subfamilies: M14A(carboxypeptidase A or digestive), M14B (carboxypeptidase H or regulatory), M14C (gamma-D-glutamyl-L-diamino acid peptidase I) and M14D (AGTPBP-1/Nna1-like proteins) [, ]. Members of subfamily M14B have longer C-termini than those of subfamily M14A [], and carboxypeptidase M (a member of the H family) is bound to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, unlike the majority of the M14 family, which are soluble []. The zinc ligands have been determined as two histidines and a glutamate,and the catalytic residue has been identified as a C-terminal glutamate,but these do not form the characteristic metalloprotease HEXXH motif [, ]. Members of the carboxypeptidase A family are synthesised as inactive molecules with propeptides that must be cleaved to activate the enzyme. Structural studies of carboxypeptidases A and B reveal the propeptide to exist as a globular domain, followed by an extended α-helix; this shields the catalytic site, without specifically binding to it, while the substrate-binding site is blocked by making specific contacts [, ]. |
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HT Experiment |
Series Id: |
GSE6309 |
Experiment Type: |
transcription profiling by array |
Study Type: |
Baseline |
Source: |
ArrayExpress |
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HT Experiment |
Series Id: |
GSE27630 |
Experiment Type: |
transcription profiling by array |
Study Type: |
WT vs. Mutant |
Source: |
ArrayExpress |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yoshihara E |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Immune-evasive human islet-like organoids ameliorate diabetes. |
Volume: |
586 |
Issue: |
7830 |
Pages: |
606-611 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hung LY |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Mucosal Immunol |
Title: |
Macrophages promote epithelial proliferation following infectious and non-infectious lung injury through a Trefoil factor 2-dependent mechanism. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
64-76 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Schubert M |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Dev Dyn |
Title: |
Characterization of two amphioxus Wnt genes (AmphiWnt4 and AmphiWnt7b) with early expression in the developing central nervous system. |
Volume: |
217 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
205-15 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Cai C |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
R-spondin1 is a novel hormone mediator for mammary stem cell self-renewal. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
20 |
Pages: |
2205-18 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wang C |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
3094 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Reznik SE |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Cell Mol Life Sci |
Title: |
Carboxypeptidases from A to z: implications in embryonic development and Wnt binding. |
Volume: |
58 |
Issue: |
12-13 |
Pages: |
1790-804 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Couse JF |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Dev Biol |
Title: |
Estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice exhibit resistance to the developmental effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on the female reproductive tract. |
Volume: |
238 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
224-38 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Abedini A |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Non-canonical WNT5a regulates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
9695 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mericskay M |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Wnt5a is required for proper epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the uterus. |
Volume: |
131 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
2061-72 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Krützfeldt J |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Diabetologia |
Title: |
Regulation of wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT) signalling in pancreatic islets from wild-type and obese mice. |
Volume: |
53 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
123-7 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Nishinakamura R |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Physiol Sci |
Title: |
Essential roles of Sall family genes in kidney development. |
Volume: |
56 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
131-6 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kobayashi Y |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Wnt16 regulates osteoclast differentiation in conjunction with Wnt5a. |
Volume: |
463 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1278-83 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gonzalez G |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Mol Reprod Dev |
Title: |
Dicer is required for female reproductive tract development and fertility in the mouse. |
Volume: |
76 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
678-88 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Teramoto M |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Biol Open |
Title: |
The absence of SOX2 in the anterior foregut alters the esophagus into trachea and bronchi in both epithelial and mesenchymal components. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
2 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Lee SH |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Activation function 1 of progesterone receptor is required for mammary development and regulation of RANKL during pregnancy. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
12286 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Morello R |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
J Cell Physiol |
Title: |
Brachy-syndactyly caused by loss of Sfrp2 function. |
Volume: |
217 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
127-37 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gao YR |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Androgen receptor inactivation resulted in acceleration in pubertal mammary gland growth, upregulation of ERα expression, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in female mice. |
Volume: |
155 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
4951-63 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Sun T |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Biol Reprod |
Title: |
Lats1 Deletion Causes Increased Germ Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Cysts in Mouse Ovaries. |
Volume: |
93 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
22 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Dennis EP |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
J Bone Miner Res |
Title: |
CRELD2 Is a Novel LRP1 Chaperone That Regulates Noncanonical WNT Signaling in Skeletal Development. |
Volume: |
35 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1452-1469 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ventayol M |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Cell Death Dis |
Title: |
miRNA let-7e targeting MMP9 is involved in adipose-derived stem cell differentiation toward epithelia. |
Volume: |
5 |
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Pages: |
e1048 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Osafune K |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Identification of multipotent progenitors in the embryonic mouse kidney by a novel colony-forming assay. |
Volume: |
133 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
151-61 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Terra R |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Blood |
Title: |
T-cell generation by lymph node resident progenitor cells. |
Volume: |
106 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
193-200 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Russo A |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
PTEN loss in the fallopian tube induces hyperplasia and ovarian tumor formation. |
Volume: |
37 |
Issue: |
15 |
Pages: |
1976-1990 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gu Y |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Aging (Albany NY) |
Title: |
Loss of Klotho contributes to cartilage damage by derepression of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoarthritis mice. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
24 |
Pages: |
12793-12809 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yu HF |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
J Cell Mol Med |
Title: |
Bmp2 regulates Serpinb6b expression via cAMP/PKA/Wnt4 pathway during uterine decidualization. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
7023-7033 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Han F |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Aging Cell |
Title: |
Identification of SRY-box 30 as an age-related essential gatekeeper for male germ-cell meiosis and differentiation. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e13343 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Garcia-Moreno SA |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
PLoS Genet |
Title: |
CBX2 is required to stabilize the testis pathway by repressing Wnt signaling. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e1007895 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Lee DK |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Mol Endocrinol |
Title: |
Suppression of ERalpha activity by COUP-TFII is essential for successful implantation and decidualization. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
930-40 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Boyer A |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Carcinogenesis |
Title: |
Dysregulation of WNT/CTNNB1 and PI3K/AKT signaling in testicular stromal cells causes granulosa cell tumor of the testis. |
Volume: |
30 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
869-78 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Boivin FJ |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
J Pathol |
Title: |
Stromal β-catenin overexpression contributes to the pathogenesis of renal dysplasia. |
Volume: |
239 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
174-85 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Vishy CE |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol |
Title: |
Epimorphin regulates the intestinal stem cell niche via effects on the stromal microenvironment. |
Volume: |
315 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
G185-G194 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Large MJ |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
PLoS Genet |
Title: |
The epidermal growth factor receptor critically regulates endometrial function during early pregnancy. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
e1004451 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hsieh M |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Biol Reprod |
Title: |
Mice null for Frizzled4 (Fzd4-/-) are infertile and exhibit impaired corpora lutea formation and function. |
Volume: |
73 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1135-46 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Heard ME |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Biol Reprod |
Title: |
The reproductive phenotype of mice null for transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 13 suggests compensatory function of family member Krüppel-like factor 9 in the peri-implantation uterus. |
Volume: |
87 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
115 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Camden AJ |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Mol Hum Reprod |
Title: |
Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) is a novel progesterone-responsive gene required for human endometrial stromal decidualization. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
646-653 |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
654
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Fragment?: |
false |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Rees DC |
Year: |
1983 |
Journal: |
J Mol Biol |
Title: |
Refined crystal structure of carboxypeptidase A at 1.54 A resolution. |
Volume: |
168 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
367-87 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Osterman AL |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
J Protein Chem |
Title: |
Primary structure of carboxypeptidase T: delineation of functionally relevant features in Zn-carboxypeptidase family. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
561-70 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kalinina E |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
A novel subfamily of mouse cytosolic carboxypeptidases. |
Volume: |
21 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
836-50 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Guasch A |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
J Mol Biol |
Title: |
Three-dimensional structure of porcine pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A. A comparison of the A and B zymogens and their determinants for inhibition and activation. |
Volume: |
224 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
141-57 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Rawlings ND |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Methods Enzymol |
Title: |
Evolutionary families of metallopeptidases. |
Volume: |
248 |
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Pages: |
183-228 |
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