Type |
Details |
Score |
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Bone marrow stromal antigen 2, also known as tetherin, is an antiretroviral defence protein, that blocks release of enveloped virus from the cell surface [, , ]. Bst2/tetherin contains two membrane anchors which are employed to retain some enveloped viruses, including HIV-1, tethered to the plasma membrane in the absence of virus encoded antagonists []. Its expression is induced by interferon-alpha []and was originally linked to B cell development []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Radoshitzky SR |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
J Virol |
Title: |
Infectious Lassa virus, but not filoviruses, is restricted by BST-2/tetherin. |
Volume: |
84 |
Issue: |
20 |
Pages: |
10569-80 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
172
|
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yang H |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Structural insight into the mechanisms of enveloped virus tethering by tetherin. |
Volume: |
107 |
Issue: |
43 |
Pages: |
18428-32 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ishikawa J |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Genomics |
Title: |
Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a bone marrow stromal cell surface gene, BST2, that may be involved in pre-B-cell growth. |
Volume: |
26 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
527-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Neil SJ |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. |
Volume: |
451 |
Issue: |
7177 |
Pages: |
425-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hinz A |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Cell Host Microbe |
Title: |
Structural basis of HIV-1 tethering to membranes by the BST-2/tetherin ectodomain. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
314-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawai S |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Cancer Sci |
Title: |
Interferon-alpha enhances CD317 expression and the antitumor activity of anti-CD317 monoclonal antibody in renal cell carcinoma xenograft models. |
Volume: |
99 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2461-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Swiecki M |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Cutting edge: paradoxical roles of BST2/tetherin in promoting type I IFN response and viral infection. |
Volume: |
188 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2488-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miller KD |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Virology |
Title: |
Murine BST2/tetherin promotes measles virus infection of neurons. |
Volume: |
563 |
|
Pages: |
38-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Blasius AL |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is a specific marker of type I IFN-producing cells in the naive mouse, but a promiscuous cell surface antigen following IFN stimulation. |
Volume: |
177 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
3260-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Florez MA |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Interferon Gamma Mediates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activation and Niche Relocalization through BST2. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
108530 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Holmgren AM |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Virol |
Title: |
Bst2/Tetherin Is Induced in Neurons by Type I Interferon and Viral Infection but Is Dispensable for Protection against Neurotropic Viral Challenge. |
Volume: |
89 |
Issue: |
21 |
Pages: |
11011-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sarojini S |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
DNA Cell Biol |
Title: |
Interferon-induced tetherin restricts vesicular stomatitis virus release in neurons. |
Volume: |
30 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
965-74 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Liberatore RA |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Tetherin is a key effector of the antiretroviral activity of type I interferon in vitro and in vivo. |
Volume: |
108 |
Issue: |
44 |
Pages: |
18097-101 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jones PH |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Retrovirology |
Title: |
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) restricts mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) replication in vivo. |
Volume: |
9 |
|
Pages: |
10 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jones PH |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Virology |
Title: |
BST-2/tetherin is overexpressed in mammary gland and tumor tissues in MMTV-induced mammary cancer. |
Volume: |
444 |
Issue: |
1-2 |
Pages: |
124-39 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Londrigan SL |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
Endogenous Murine BST-2/Tetherin Is Not a Major Restriction Factor of Influenza A Virus Infection. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
e0142925 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Li X |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Mol Biol Cell |
Title: |
Involvement of a Golgi-resident GPI-anchored protein in maintenance of the Golgi structure. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1261-71 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Barrett BS |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
PLoS Pathog |
Title: |
A single nucleotide polymorphism in tetherin promotes retrovirus restriction in vivo. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
e1002596 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:6444257 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2020-07-27 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1716828 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:6444874 |
Age: |
postnatal week 5 |
|
|
Specimen Label: |
wild type control |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:6444257 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2020-07-27 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1716828 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:6444874 |
Age: |
postnatal week 5 |
|
|
Specimen Label: |
miR-183C |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Li SX |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Tetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection. |
Volume: |
6 |
|
Pages: |
20425 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fu J |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Exp Cell Res |
Title: |
BST-2/Tetherin is involved in BAFF-enhanced proliferation and survival via canonical NF-κB signaling in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. |
Volume: |
398 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
112399 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jones PH |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Cell Signal |
Title: |
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated BST-2/tetherin regulation. |
Volume: |
25 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2752-61 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Liu H |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
iScience |
Title: |
Epigenetic repression of Cend1 by lysine-specific demethylase 1 is essential for murine heart development. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
108722 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Vezzali R |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Oncotarget |
Title: |
The FOXG1/FOXO/SMAD network balances proliferation and differentiation of cortical progenitors and activates Kcnh3 expression in mature neurons. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
25 |
Pages: |
37436-37455 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lumayag S |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Inactivation of the microRNA-183/96/182 cluster results in syndromic retinal degeneration. |
Volume: |
110 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
E507-16 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ko MS |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Large-scale cDNA analysis reveals phased gene expression patterns during preimplantation mouse development. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1737-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI and IMPC |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
MGI Load of Endonuclease-Mediated Alleles (CRISPR) from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Velocigene |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics and the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Phenotype Annotations from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) Database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Rat to Mouse ISO GO annotation transfer |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Magdaleno S |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
BGEM: an in situ hybridization database of gene expression in the embryonic and adult mouse nervous system. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
e86 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2003 |
|
Title: |
MGI Sequence Curation Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Carninci P |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
Volume: |
309 |
Issue: |
5740 |
Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawai J |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
Volume: |
409 |
Issue: |
6821 |
Pages: |
685-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
Volume: |
420 |
Issue: |
6915 |
Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2000 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology Annotation by electronic association of SwissProt Keywords with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Human to Mouse ISO GO annotation transfer |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gaudet P |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Brief Bioinform |
Title: |
Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
449-62 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jia X |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
Structural basis of HIV-1 Vpu-mediated BST2 antagonism via hijacking of the clathrin adaptor protein complex 1. |
Volume: |
3 |
|
Pages: |
e02362 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2; endonuclease-mediated mutation 2, Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2; endonuclease-mediated mutation 1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
Attribute String: |
Conditional ready, No functional change |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Ontology Term |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Manouchehri N |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
CD11c+CD88+CD317+ myeloid cells are critical mediators of persistent CNS autoimmunity. |
Volume: |
118 |
Issue: |
14 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yamamoto A |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
Transcription factor old astrocyte specifically induced substance is a novel regulator of kidney fibrosis. |
Volume: |
35 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
e21158 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Liu DX |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Antiviral Res |
Title: |
Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. |
Volume: |
109 |
|
Pages: |
97-109 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Martin-Sancho L |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
Functional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 cellular restriction. |
Volume: |
81 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2656-2668.e8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
This entry represents the structural accessory protein ORF7a from SARS-CoV-like virus, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and bat SARS-like coronavirus.This entry includes the structural accessory protein ORF7a, also called NS7a, X4 and U122, of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) from betacoronavirus subgenera Sarbecovirus (lineage B), including SARS-CoV-2. ORF7a/NS7a from betacoronavirus in the subgenera Sarbecovirus (B lineage) are not related to NS7a proteins from other coronavirus lineages. The structure of the structural accessory protein ORF7a, shows similarities to the immunoglobulin-like fold with some features resembling those of the Dl domain of ICAM-1 and suggests a binding activity to integrin I domains []. In SARS-CoV-infected cells, ORF7a is expressed and retained intracellularly within the Golgi network []. ORF7a is thought to play an important role during the SARS-CoV replication cycle []. Expression studies of ORF7a have shown that biological functions include induction of apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway, activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, inhibition of host protein translation, and suppression of cell growth progression. These results collectively suggested that ORF7a protein may be involved in virus-host interactions []. Studies in SARS-CoV-2 revealed that ORF7a plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2), disrupting its antiviral effect. ORF7a binds to BST2 and sequesters it to the perinuclear region, thereby preventing its antiviral function at cell membrane []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
This entry includes the structural accessory protein ORF7a, also called NS7a, X4 and U122, of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) from betacoronavirus subgenera Sarbecovirus (lineage B), including SARS-CoV-2. ORF7a/NS7a from betacoronavirus in the subgenera Sarbecovirus (B lineage) are not related to NS7a proteins from other coronavirus lineages. The structure of the structural accessory protein ORF7a, shows similarities to the immunoglobulin-like fold with some features resembling those of the Dl domain of ICAM-1 and suggests a binding activity to integrin I domains []. In SARS-CoV-infected cells, ORF7a is expressed and retained intracellularly within the Golgi network []. ORF7a is thought to play an important role during the SARS-CoV replication cycle []. Expression studies of ORF7a have shown that biological functions include induction of apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway, activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, inhibition of host protein translation, and suppression of cell growth progression. These results collectively suggested that ORF7a protein may be involved in virus-host interactions []. Studies in SARS-CoV-2 revealed that ORF7a plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2), disrupting its antiviral effect. ORF7a binds to BST2 and sequesters it to the perinuclear region, thereby preventing its antiviral function at cell membrane []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
SARS-CoV contains a number of open reading frames that code for a total of eight accessory proteins, namely ORFs 3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, and 9b. These ORFs are specific for SARS-CoV and do not show significant homology to accessory proteins of other coronaviruses. This entry represents the structural accessory protein ORF7a, also called NS7a, of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) from betacoronavirus subgenera Sarbecovirus (lineage B), including SARS-CoV-2. ORF7a/NS7a from betacoronavirus in the subgenera Sarbecovirus (B lineage) are not related to NS7a proteins from other coronavirus lineages.Structurally, ORF7a possesses a distinctive immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain which is related to extracellular metazoan Ig domains that are involved in adhesion, such as ICAM; it also contains a 15-aa signal peptide sequence at its N terminus, an 81-aa luminal domain, a 21-aa transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal tail. Coexpression of SARS-CoV ORF7a with S, M, N, and E proteins resulted in production of virus-like particles (VLPs) carrying ORF7a protein, indicating that ORF7a is a viral structural protein. Expression studies of ORF7a have shown that biological functions include induction of apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway, activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, inhibition of host protein translation, and suppression of cell growth progression. These results collectively suggested that ORF7a protein may be involved in virus-host interactions []. Studies in SARS-CoV-2 revealed that ORF7a plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2), disrupting its antiviral effect. ORF7a binds to BST2 and sequesters it to the perinuclear region, thereby preventing its antiviral function at cell membrane []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry includes the structural accessory protein ORF7a, also called NS7a, X4 and U122, of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) from betacoronavirus subgenera Sarbecovirus (lineage B), including SARS-CoV-2. ORF7a/NS7a from betacoronavirus in the subgenera Sarbecovirus (B lineage) are not related to NS7a proteins from other coronavirus lineages. The structure of the structural accessory protein ORF7a, shows similarities to the immunoglobulin-like fold with some features resembling those of the Dl domain of ICAM-1 and suggests a binding activity to integrin I domains []. In SARS-CoV-infected cells, ORF7a is expressed and retained intracellularly within the Golgi network []. ORF7a is thought to play an important role during the SARS-CoV replication cycle []. Expression studies of ORF7a have shown that biological functions include induction of apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway, activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, inhibition of host protein translation, and suppression of cell growth progression. These results collectively suggested that ORF7a protein may be involved in virus-host interactions []. Studies in SARS-CoV-2 revealed that ORF7a plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2), disrupting its antiviral effect. ORF7a binds to BST2 and sequesters it to the perinuclear region, thereby preventing its antiviral function at cell membrane [].This entry represents the X4 ectodomain from ORF7a (X4e), which forms a well defined β-sandwich fold. It is built up from seven β-strands, four strands form one β-sheet and the other three strands form a second sheet. The sheets are closely packed or 'sandwiched' against each other. Each sheet is amphipathic with the hydrophobic side facing inward. Two disulfide bonds link both sheets on opposite edges therefore stabilizing the β-sandwich structure [, ]. |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Nelson CA |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Structure |
Title: |
Structure and intracellular targeting of the SARS-coronavirus Orf7a accessory protein. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
75-85 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hänel K |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Biomed Sci |
Title: |
Solution structure of the X4 protein coded by the SARS related coronavirus reveals an immunoglobulin like fold and suggests a binding activity to integrin I domains. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
281-93 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Akerström S |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Antiviral Res |
Title: |
Inhibition of SARS-CoV replication cycle by small interference RNAs silencing specific SARS proteins, 7a/7b, 3a/3b and S. |
Volume: |
73 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
219-27 |
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