Type |
Details |
Score |
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cat, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
rabbit, European |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
T cell-dependent immune processes require cell-surface interactions thatmediate the initiation, modulation and the ultimate course of the response.The specificity of T cell recognition is determined by the engagement of theT cell receptor (TCR) on T cells with cognate peptide-MHC complexes presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Additional signals arerequired to sustain and enhance T cell activity, the most important of whichis provided by the engagement of CD28 on T cells with its ligands B7-1(CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). By contrast, the interaction of B7 isoformswith cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 CTLA-4, a CD28 homologue receptor on T cells (31% identity), provides inhibitory signals requiredfor down-regulation of the response, while it may also prevent T cell activation by weak TCR signals[, , , , ].Unlike CD28, which is not expressed on resting T cells, CTLA-4 is not detected on the cell surface until 24 hours after activation. In fact, Tcell activation leads to both increased CTLA4 gene expression andtrafficking of CTLA4 protein to the cell surface. In addition, CTLA-4exhibits an affinity for the B7 isoforms that is 10 to 100 times that forCD28. Covalent dimerisation of CTLA4 is required for its high bindingavidity, but each monomeric subunit also contains a binding site for CD80and CD86. It is likely that CTLA-4 directly competes with CD28 for bindingB7 and also directs the assembly of inhibitory signalling complexes thatlead to quiescence or anergy. Thus the balance between the opposing signals elicited by CD28 and CTLA-4 is central to the regulation of T cellresponsiveness and homeostasis. One mechanism by which CTLA-4 may performthis function is by regulating cell-cycle progression; by contrast with CD28, which down-regulates the cell-cycle inhibitor p27kip1, CTLA-4 prevents this degradation[, , ].Sequence comparison between human CTLA-4 and CD28 proteins suggests they arehomologous, with the highest of degree of similarity being in the juxta-membrane and cytoplasmic regions. In addition, the cytoplasmic domainsof human and murine CTLA-4 are identical, suggesting that this region hasimportant functional properties [].Typically, activation of T cells by TCR-engaging peptide-MHC is dramatically enhanced by interaction of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on the APC surface. Interestingly, CTLA-4 is transported from intracellular stores toward the region of the cell surface receiving activation signals. This suggests that binding of CD28 to its ligand may occur primarily at the centre of the mature immunological synapse, and that CTLA-4 may be transported to this site under certain circumstancesto block or reverse this effect. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zheng P |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
B7-CTLA4 interaction enhances both production of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes and resistance to tumor challenge. |
Volume: |
95 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
6284-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ostrov DA |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
Structure of murine CTLA-4 and its role in modulating T cell responsiveness. |
Volume: |
290 |
Issue: |
5492 |
Pages: |
816-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Greenwald RJ |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
CTLA-4 regulates cell cycle progression during a primary immune response. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
366-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
223
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Du X |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Cell Res |
Title: |
Uncoupling therapeutic from immunotherapy-related adverse effects for safer and effective anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in CTLA4 humanized mice. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
433-447 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lute KD |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Blood |
Title: |
Human CTLA4 knock-in mice unravel the quantitative link between tumor immunity and autoimmunity induced by anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. |
Volume: |
106 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
3127-33 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schubert D |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Nat Med |
Title: |
Autosomal dominant immune dysregulation syndrome in humans with CTLA4 mutations. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1410-1416 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lundholm M |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Defective induction of CTLA-4 in the NOD mouse is controlled by the NOD allele of Idd3/IL-2 and a novel locus (Ctex) telomeric on chromosome 1. |
Volume: |
55 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
538-44 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
QTL |
Type: |
QTL |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ueda H |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. |
Volume: |
423 |
Issue: |
6939 |
Pages: |
506-11 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Poels K |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cells |
Title: |
Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of CTLA4 Aggravates Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Progression in Hyperlipidemic Mice. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
9 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mao Y |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Exp Hematol |
Title: |
Overexpression of a mutant CTLA4 inhibits T-cell activation and homeostasis-driven expansion. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
735-47 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Freeman GJ |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Murine B7-2, an alternative CTLA4 counter-receptor that costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production. |
Volume: |
178 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2185-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miska J |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Initiation of inflammatory tumorigenesis by CTLA4 insufficiency due to type 2 cytokines. |
Volume: |
215 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
841-858 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tang AL |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
CTLA4 expression is an indicator and regulator of steady-state CD4+ FoxP3+ T cell homeostasis. |
Volume: |
181 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
1806-13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ling V |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Genomics |
Title: |
Complete sequence determination of the mouse and human CTLA4 gene loci: cross-species DNA sequence similarity beyond exon borders. |
Volume: |
60 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
341-55 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Linsley PS |
Year: |
1991 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
CTLA-4 is a second receptor for the B cell activation antigen B7. |
Volume: |
174 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
561-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang XB |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Scand J Immunol |
Title: |
Expression of CTLA-4 by human monocytes. |
Volume: |
55 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
53-60 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Dovedi SJ |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Cancer Discov |
Title: |
Design and Efficacy of a Monovalent Bispecific PD-1/CTLA4 Antibody That Enhances CTLA4 Blockade on PD-1+ Activated T Cells. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1100-1117 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
102
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
223
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
223
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
174
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lane P |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Immunology |
Title: |
Expression and functional properties of mouse B7/BB1 using a fusion protein between mouse CTLA4 and human gamma 1. |
Volume: |
80 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
56-61 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wicker LS |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Fine mapping, gene content, comparative sequencing, and expression analyses support Ctla4 and Nramp1 as candidates for Idd5.1 and Idd5.2 in the nonobese diabetic mouse. |
Volume: |
173 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
164-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
Ctla4 expression QTL; NOD |
Allele Type: |
QTL |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhong X |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Mutagenetix entry for complementary. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Brayer J |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Rheumatol |
Title: |
Alleles from chromosomes 1 and 3 of NOD mice combine to influence Sjögren's syndrome-like autoimmune exocrinopathy. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1896-904 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chen Z |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Modeling CTLA4-linked autoimmunity with RNA interference in mice. |
Volume: |
103 |
Issue: |
44 |
Pages: |
16400-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Do P |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Leukemic B Cell CTLA-4 Suppresses Costimulation of T Cells. |
Volume: |
202 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
2806-2816 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Turnbull C |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Sci Adv |
Title: |
DECTIN-1: A modifier protein in CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
49 |
Pages: |
eadi9566 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bailey C |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep Med |
Title: |
Genetic and pharmaceutical targeting of HIF1α allows combo-immunotherapy to boost graft vs. leukemia without exacerbation graft vs. host disease. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
101236 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Vaughan AN |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Porcine CTLA4-Ig lacks a MYPPPY motif, binds inefficiently to human B7 and specifically suppresses human CD4+ T cell responses costimulated by pig but not human B7. |
Volume: |
165 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
3175-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Araki M |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Genetic evidence that the differential expression of the ligand-independent isoform of CTLA-4 is the molecular basis of the Idd5.1 type 1 diabetes region in nonobese diabetic mice. |
Volume: |
183 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
5146-57 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hunter K |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Interactions between Idd5.1/Ctla4 and other type 1 diabetes genes. |
Volume: |
179 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
8341-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gerold KD |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
The soluble CTLA-4 splice variant protects from type 1 diabetes and potentiates regulatory T-cell function. |
Volume: |
60 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1955-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jakubczik F |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
A SNP in the Immunoregulatory Molecule CTLA-4 Controls mRNA Splicing In Vivo but Does Not Alter Diabetes Susceptibility in the NOD Mouse. |
Volume: |
65 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
120-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wei SC |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Cancer Discov |
Title: |
A Genetic Mouse Model Recapitulates Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis and Supports a Mechanism-Based Therapeutic Intervention. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
614-625 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Noyes H |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Parasitology |
Title: |
Evidence for genes controlling resistance to Heligmosomoides bakeri on mouse chromosome 1. |
Volume: |
142 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
566-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ichinose K |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Arthritis Rheum |
Title: |
Brief report: increased expression of a short splice variant of CTLA-4 exacerbates lupus in MRL/lpr mice. |
Volume: |
65 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
764-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miska J |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
Autoimmunity-mediated antitumor immunity: tumor as an immunoprivileged self. |
Volume: |
42 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2584-96 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fargeas CA |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Identification of residues in the V domain of CD80 (B7-1) implicated in functional interactions with CD28 and CTLA4. |
Volume: |
182 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
667-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ma P |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Circulation |
Title: |
Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis. |
Volume: |
149 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
48-66 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Liu SM |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Overexpression of the Ctla-4 isoform lacking exons 2 and 3 causes autoimmunity. |
Volume: |
188 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
155-62 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Blazar BR |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Blood |
Title: |
In vivo blockade of CD28/CTLA4: B7/BB1 interaction with CTLA4-Ig reduces lethal murine graft-versus-host disease across the major histocompatibility complex barrier in mice. |
Volume: |
83 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
3815-25 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Further mapping of the Idd5.1 locus for autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. |
Volume: |
50 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2874-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Paterson AM |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Deletion of CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells during adulthood leads to resistance to autoimmunity. |
Volume: |
212 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1603-21 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Alissafi T |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
Tregs restrain dendritic cell autophagy to ameliorate autoimmunity. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
2789-2804 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Brunet JF |
Year: |
1987 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily--CTLA-4. |
Volume: |
328 |
Issue: |
6127 |
Pages: |
267-70 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schwartz JC |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Structural basis for co-stimulation by the human CTLA-4/B7-2 complex. |
Volume: |
410 |
Issue: |
6828 |
Pages: |
604-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Luhder F |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Pinpointing when T cell costimulatory receptor CTLA-4 must be engaged to dampen diabetogenic T cells. |
Volume: |
97 |
Issue: |
22 |
Pages: |
12204-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tivol EA |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
541-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schneider H |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
Reversal of the TCR stop signal by CTLA-4. |
Volume: |
313 |
Issue: |
5795 |
Pages: |
1972-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tang Q |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
Distinct roles of CTLA-4 and TGF-beta in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell function. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
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