Type |
Details |
Score |
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
zebrafish |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) [, ]are a family of multifunctional proteins, often referred to as 'promiscuous growth factors' due to their diverse actions on multiple cell types [, ]. FGFs are mitogens, which stimulate growth or differentiation of cells of mesodermal or neuroectodermal origin. The function of FGFs in developmental processes include mesoderm induction, anterior-posterior patterning, limb development, and neural induction and development. In mature tissues, they are involved in diverse processes including keratinocyte organisation and wound healing [, , , , , ]. FGF involvement is critical during normal development of both vertebrates and invertebrates, and irregularities in their function leads to a range of developmental defects [, , , ]. Fibroblast growth factors are heparin-binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. FGFs have internal pseudo-threefold symmetry (β-trefoil topology) []. There are currently over 20 different FGF family members that have been identified in mammals, all of which are structurally related signaling molecules [, ]. They exert their effects through four distinct membrane fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), FGFR1 to FGFR4 [], which belong to the tyrosine kinase superfamily. Upon binding to FGF, the receptors dimerize and their intracellular tyrosine kinase domains become active [].This entry represents fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which stimulates glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes via the induction of glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression []. FGF21 has been shown to protect animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice. It also lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when administered to diabetic rodents [], suggesting it may exhibit the therapeutic characteristics necessary for effective treatment of diabetes. Treatment of animals with FGF21 results in increased energy expenditure, fat utilisation and lipid excretion []. FGF21 is most abundantly expressed in the liver, and also expressed in the thymus at lower levels []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nishimura T |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
Title: |
Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver. |
Volume: |
1492 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
203-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kharitonenkov A |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator. |
Volume: |
115 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1627-35 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zheng Q |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Theranostics |
Title: |
Lack of FGF21 promotes NASH-HCC transition via hepatocyte-TLR4-IL-17A signaling. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
22 |
Pages: |
9923-9936 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fang H |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol |
Title: |
FGF21 prevents low-protein diet-induced renal inflammation in aged mice. |
Volume: |
321 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
F356-F368 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Owen BM |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Nat Med |
Title: |
FGF21 contributes to neuroendocrine control of female reproduction. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
1153-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hill CM |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
FGF21 is required for protein restriction to extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in male mice. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
1897 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Coate KC |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
FGF21 Is an Exocrine Pancreas Secretagogue. |
Volume: |
25 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
472-480 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Talukdar S |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
FGF21 Regulates Sweet and Alcohol Preference. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
344-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhao C |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Lipid Res |
Title: |
FGF21 mediates alcohol-induced adipose tissue lipolysis by activation of systemic release of catecholamine in mice. |
Volume: |
56 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1481-91 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Laeger T |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction. |
Volume: |
124 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
3913-22 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wei J |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
EMBO J |
Title: |
HRD1-ERAD controls production of the hepatokine FGF21 through CREBH polyubiquitination. |
Volume: |
37 |
Issue: |
22 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Adams AC |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
FGF21 requires βklotho to act in vivo. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
e49977 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhou B |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Central FGF21 production regulates memory but not peripheral metabolism. |
Volume: |
40 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
111239 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Patel R |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Mol Endocrinol |
Title: |
Glucocorticoids regulate the metabolic hormone FGF21 in a feed-forward loop. |
Volume: |
29 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
213-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wanders D |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
FGF21 Mediates the Thermogenic and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction but Not Its Effects on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. |
Volume: |
66 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
858-867 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jiang X |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
The protective effect of FGF21 on diabetes-induced male germ cell apoptosis is associated with up-regulated testicular AKT and AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling. |
Volume: |
156 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
1156-70 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hill CM |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Low protein-induced increases in FGF21 drive UCP1-dependent metabolic but not thermoregulatory endpoints. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
8209 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ishida K |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Interactions between FGF21 and BMP-2 in osteogenesis. |
Volume: |
432 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
677-82 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Flippo KH |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
317-328.e6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Vandanmagsar B |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Impaired Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation Induces FGF21 in Muscle. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1686-99 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
De Sousa-Coelho AL |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
J Lipid Res |
Title: |
FGF21 mediates the lipid metabolism response to amino acid starvation. |
Volume: |
54 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1786-97 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Huen SC |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Hepatic FGF21 preserves thermoregulation and cardiovascular function during bacterial inflammation. |
Volume: |
218 |
Issue: |
10 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Reilly SM |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
FGF21 is required for the metabolic benefits of IKKε/TBK1 inhibition. |
Volume: |
131 |
Issue: |
10 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
BonDurant LD |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
FGF21 Regulates Metabolism Through Adipose-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. |
Volume: |
25 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
935-944.e4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Redondo-Angulo I |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cardiovasc Res |
Title: |
Fgf21 is required for cardiac remodeling in pregnancy. |
Volume: |
113 |
Issue: |
13 |
Pages: |
1574-1584 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Markan KR |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding. |
Volume: |
63 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
4057-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kuroda M |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
3496-3509 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Keipert S |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Long-Term Cold Adaptation Does Not Require FGF21 or UCP1. |
Volume: |
26 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
437-446.e5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jager J |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
The Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Regulates Adipose Tissue-specific FGF21 Signaling. |
Volume: |
291 |
Issue: |
20 |
Pages: |
10867-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Maruyama R |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) |
Title: |
FGF21 Alleviates Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress under Physiological Conditions. |
Volume: |
64 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
200-208 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fu Z |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
FGF21 Administration Suppresses Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1606-1613 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xu J |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Int J Mol Sci |
Title: |
Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
19 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Song P |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
The Hormone FGF21 Stimulates Water Drinking in Response to Ketogenic Diet and Alcohol. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1338-1347.e4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Coskun T |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice. |
Volume: |
149 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
6018-27 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jeanson Y |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Biochem J |
Title: |
Lactate induces FGF21 expression in adipocytes through a p38-MAPK pathway. |
Volume: |
473 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
685-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chartoumpekis DV |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Nrf2 represses FGF21 during long-term high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. |
Volume: |
60 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2465-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hill CM |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
FGF21 Signals Protein Status to the Brain and Adaptively Regulates Food Choice and Metabolism. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2934-2947.e3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
210
|
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
210
|
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Potthoff MJ |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
FGF21 induces PGC-1alpha and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response. |
Volume: |
106 |
Issue: |
26 |
Pages: |
10853-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nakayama Y |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Fgf21 regulates T-cell development in the neonatal and juvenile thymus. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
330 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
von Holstein-Rathlou S |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
FGF21 Mediates Endocrine Control of Simple Sugar Intake and Sweet Taste Preference by the Liver. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
335-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Samms RJ |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Discrete Aspects of FGF21 In Vivo Pharmacology Do Not Require UCP1. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
991-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Geng L |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Exercise Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction via Enhancing FGF21 Sensitivity in Adipose Tissues. |
Volume: |
26 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2738-2752.e4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chavan R |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Biol Open |
Title: |
REV-ERBα regulates Fgf21 expression in the liver via hepatic nuclear factor 6. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
1-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fisher FM |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis. |
Volume: |
26 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
271-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Croon M |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Sci Adv |
Title: |
FGF21 modulates mitochondrial stress response in cardiomyocytes only under mild mitochondrial dysfunction. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
14 |
Pages: |
eabn7105 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hanzawa N |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Targeted DNA demethylation of the Fgf21 promoter by CRISPR/dCas9-mediated epigenome editing. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
5181 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ameka M |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Liver Derived FGF21 Maintains Core Body Temperature During Acute Cold Exposure. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
630 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bookout AL |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Nat Med |
Title: |
FGF21 regulates metabolism and circadian behavior by acting on the nervous system. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
1147-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lynch L |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
iNKT Cells Induce FGF21 for Thermogenesis and Are Required for Maximal Weight Loss in GLP1 Therapy. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
510-519 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Solon-Biet SM |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Toward reconciling the roles of FGF21 in protein appetite, sweet preference, and energy expenditure. |
Volume: |
42 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
113536 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Watanabe M |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Endocrine |
Title: |
Liver-derived FGF21 is essential for full adaptation to ketogenic diet but does not regulate glucose homeostasis. |
Volume: |
67 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
95-108 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yaqoob U |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
FGF21 promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis through a dynamin-2 and Rab5 dependent pathway. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e98130 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Oishi K |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
FEBS Lett |
Title: |
Circadian expression of FGF21 is induced by PPARalpha activation in the mouse liver. |
Volume: |
582 |
Issue: |
25-26 |
Pages: |
3639-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zarei M |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Heme-Regulated eIF2α Kinase Modulates Hepatic FGF21 and Is Activated by PPARβ/δ Deficiency. |
Volume: |
65 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
3185-99 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lee YK |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Mol Metab |
Title: |
FOXO1 inhibition synergizes with FGF21 to normalize glucose control in diabetic mice. |
Volume: |
49 |
|
Pages: |
101187 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Joe Y |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
FGF21 induced by carbon monoxide mediates metabolic homeostasis via the PERK/ATF4 pathway. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2630-2643 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawakami R |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Ketone body and FGF21 coordinately regulate fasting-induced oxidative stress response in the heart. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
7338 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Youm YH |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Prolongevity hormone FGF21 protects against immune senescence by delaying age-related thymic involution. |
Volume: |
113 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1026-31 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Oishi K |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Time-imposed daily restricted feeding induces rhythmic expression of Fgf21 in white adipose tissue of mice. |
Volume: |
412 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
396-400 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Keipert S |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab |
Title: |
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling drives endocrine cross-talk through the induction of FGF21 as a myokine. |
Volume: |
306 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
E469-82 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhang Y |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
FGF21 mediates the protective effect of fenofibrate against acetaminophen -induced hepatotoxicity via activating autophagy in mice. |
Volume: |
503 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
474-481 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Li F |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
FGF21 is induced in cisplatin nephrotoxicity to protect against kidney tubular cell injury. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
3423-3433 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Burgess WH |
Year: |
1989 |
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