| Type |
Details |
Score |
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
zebrafish |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Hughes NC |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Sci Rep |
| Title: |
Instrumented swim test for quantifying motor impairment in rodents. |
| Volume: |
14 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
29270 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kindt KS |
| Year: |
2021 |
| Journal: |
Nat Commun |
| Title: |
EMX2-GPR156-Gαi reverses hair cell orientation in mechanosensory epithelia. |
| Volume: |
12 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
2861 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Calver AR |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Brain Res Mol Brain Res |
| Title: |
Molecular cloning and characterisation of a novel GABAB-related G-protein coupled receptor. |
| Volume: |
110 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
305-17 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1876728 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306218 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306218 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
16 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1777828 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306216 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306216 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1737328 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306231 |
| Note: |
kidney |
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306231 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1775928 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306230 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306230 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3267828 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306224 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306224 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1754928 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306215 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306215 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1697428 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306213 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306213 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
11 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1706828 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306226 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306226 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1925228 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306227 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306227 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1753628 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306217 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306217 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
15 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3284528 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306223 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306223 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1610528 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306222 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306222 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
19 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3283428 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306225 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306225 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1685328 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306220 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306220 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
18 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:6148992 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2018-04-04 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3277028 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6149140 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 10 |
| Image: |
2C |
|
| Specimen Label: |
2C |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3599828 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306219 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306219 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
17 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2991528 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306228 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306228 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689428 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306232 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306232 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
10 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1796228 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306229 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306229 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1881228 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692755 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
JAX_1306214 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
JAX_1306214 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
12 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Khrimian L |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
J Exp Med |
| Title: |
Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin's regulation of cognition. |
| Volume: |
214 |
| Issue: |
10 |
| Pages: |
2859-2873 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Quina LA |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
J Neurosci |
| Title: |
Brn3a and Nurr1 mediate a gene regulatory pathway for habenula development. |
| Volume: |
29 |
| Issue: |
45 |
| Pages: |
14309-22 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by The Jackson Laboratory |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Koscielny G |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
| Title: |
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium Web Portal, a unified point of access for knockout mice and related phenotyping data. |
| Volume: |
42 |
| Issue: |
Database issue |
| Pages: |
D802-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Velocigene |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics and the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Phenotype Annotations from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) Database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH (Hmgu) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
| Year: |
2001 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Magdaleno S |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
| Title: |
BGEM: an in situ hybridization database of gene expression in the embryonic and adult mouse nervous system. |
| Volume: |
4 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
e86 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2002 |
|
| Title: |
Chromosome assignment of mouse genes using the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (MGSC) assembly and the ENSEMBL Database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Carninci P |
| Year: |
2005 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
| Volume: |
309 |
| Issue: |
5740 |
| Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Adams DJ |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. |
| Volume: |
627 |
| Issue: |
8002 |
| Pages: |
130-136 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
| Year: |
2020 |
|
| Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| Year: |
2000 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Allen Institute |
| Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Database Procedure |
| Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bairoch A |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
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| Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
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| Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
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| Allele |
| Name: |
G protein-coupled receptor 156; targeted mutation 1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
| Allele Type: |
Targeted |
| Attribute String: |
Conditional ready, No functional change |
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| Strain |
| Attribute String: |
mutant stock, targeted mutation |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Jia S |
| Year: |
2023 |
| Journal: |
Elife |
| Title: |
The dark kinase STK32A regulates hair cell planar polarity opposite of EMX2 in the developing mouse inner ear. |
| Volume: |
12 |
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kuner R |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
Role of heteromer formation in GABAB receptor function. |
| Volume: |
283 |
| Issue: |
5398 |
| Pages: |
74-7 |
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•
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Möhler H |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Journal: |
Life Sci |
| Title: |
GABA(B)-receptor isoforms molecular architecture and distribution. |
| Volume: |
68 |
| Issue: |
19-20 |
| Pages: |
2297-300 |
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Padgett CL |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Adv Pharmacol |
| Title: |
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels. |
| Volume: |
58 |
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| Pages: |
123-47 |
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| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Domain |
| Description: |
This entry represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain found in orphan GPR156 that is closely related to the type B receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-B), which is activated by its endogenous ligand GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter. The functional GABA-B receptor is an obligatory heterodimer composed of two related subunits, GABA-B1, which is primarily involved in GABA ligand binding, and GABA-B2, which is responsible for both G-protein coupling and trafficking of the heterodimer to the plasma membrane. Activation of GABA-B couples to G(i/o)-type G proteins, which in turn modulate three major downstream effectors: adenylate cyclase, voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, and inwardly-rectifying K+ channels. Consequently, GABA-B receptor produces slow and sustained inhibitory responses by decreased neurotransmitter release via inhibition of Ca2+ channels and by postsynaptic hyperpolarization via the activation of K+ channels through the G-protein beta-gamma dimer. The GABA-B is expressed in both pre- and postsynaptic sites of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the brain where it regulates synaptic activity. Thus, the GABA-B receptor agonist, baclofen, is used to treat muscle tightness and cramping caused by spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients. Moreover, GABA-B antagonists improve cognitive performance in mammals, while GABA-B agonists suppress cognitive behavior. In most of the class C family members, the extracellular Venus-flytrap domain in the N terminus is connected to the seven-transmembrane (7TM) via a cysteine-rich domain (CRD). However, in the GABA-B receptor, the CRD is absent in both subunits and the Venus-flytrap ligand-binding domain is directly connected to the 7TM via a 10-15 amino acids linker, suggesting that GABA-B receptor may utilize a different activation mechanism [, , ]. |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
798
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
798
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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