Type |
Details |
Score |
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
zebrafish |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Several 7TM receptors have been cloned but their endogenous ligands are unknown; these have been termed orphan receptors. However, recent research has identified certain pharmacological targets that could be investigated to find, for example, new potential cannabinoid receptors or channels [, , ]. GPR18 [, ], GPR55 [, ], GPR119 []show little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but they respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands []. However, because they do not fulfill all of the cannabinoid receptor criteria defined by IUPHAR, the classification of these proteins remains a contentious issue due to conflicting pharmacological results. As a result, they remain classified as putative endogenous agonists by IUPHAR [].This entry represents G protein-coupled receptor 18, also known as N-arachidonyl glycine receptor. It has been found to be a receptor for endogenous lipid neurotransmitters, several of which also bind to cannabinoid receptors [, , , ]. Recent research also supports the hypothesis that GPR18 is the abnormal cannabidiol receptor and N-arachidonoyl glycine, the endogenous lipid metabolite of anandamide, initiates directed microglial migration in the CNS through activation of GPR18 []. However, the pairing of GPR18 with N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was not reproduced in two studies based on beta-arrestin assays [, ]. So, until further research allows a more definitive decision the function and nomenclature GPR18 is still being debated [, ]. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Alexander SP |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
So what do we call GPR18 now? |
Volume: |
165 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
2411-3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Becker AM |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
GPR18 Controls Reconstitution of Mouse Small Intestine Intraepithelial Lymphocytes following Bone Marrow Transplantation. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
e0133854 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang X |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
GPR18 is required for a normal CD8αα intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment. |
Volume: |
211 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2351-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Dicker M |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Front Immunol |
Title: |
CD4(+)-mediated colitis in mice is independent of the GPR183 and GPR18 pathways. |
Volume: |
13 |
|
Pages: |
1034648 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miller S |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
Title: |
Evidence for a GPR18 Role in Diurnal Regulation of Intraocular Pressure. |
Volume: |
57 |
Issue: |
14 |
Pages: |
6419-6426 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Samuelson LC |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Mamm Genome |
Title: |
Mapping of the novel G protein-coupled receptor Gpr18 to distal mouse chromosome 14. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
920-1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
McHugh D |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol and N-arachidonyl glycine are full agonists at GPR18 receptors and induce migration in human endometrial HEC-1B cells. |
Volume: |
165 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
2414-24 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kohno M |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. |
Volume: |
347 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
827-32 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Burstein S |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Neuropharmacology |
Title: |
The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs. |
Volume: |
55 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1259-64 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bradshaw HB |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat |
Title: |
Orphan endogenous lipids and orphan GPCRs: a good match. |
Volume: |
89 |
Issue: |
3-4 |
Pages: |
131-4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Southern C |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
J Biomol Screen |
Title: |
Screening β-arrestin recruitment for the identification of natural ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
599-609 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yin H |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Lipid G protein-coupled receptor ligand identification using beta-arrestin PathHunter assay. |
Volume: |
284 |
Issue: |
18 |
Pages: |
12328-38 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Davenport AP |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Pharmacol Rev |
Title: |
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new pairings with cognate ligands. |
Volume: |
65 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
967-86 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
McHugh D |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
BMC Neurosci |
Title: |
N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor. |
Volume: |
11 |
|
Pages: |
44 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ryberg E |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor. |
Volume: |
152 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1092-101 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pertwee RG |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan? |
Volume: |
152 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
984-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Izzo AA |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Pharmacol Ther |
Title: |
Cannabinoids and the gut: new developments and emerging concepts. |
Volume: |
126 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
21-38 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Brown AJ |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
Novel cannabinoid receptors. |
Volume: |
152 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
567-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
331
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pertwee RG |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Pharmacol Rev |
Title: |
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB₁ and CB₂. |
Volume: |
62 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
588-631 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sumida H |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Front Immunol |
Title: |
G-Protein Coupled Receptor 18 Contributes to Establishment of the CD8 Effector T Cell Compartment. |
Volume: |
9 |
|
Pages: |
660 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chiang N |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Identification of resolvin D2 receptor mediating resolution of infections and organ protection. |
Volume: |
212 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1203-17 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fitzgerald H |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Am J Pathol |
Title: |
Resolvin D2-G-Protein Coupled Receptor 18 Enhances Bone Marrow Function and Limits Steatosis and Hepatic Collagen Accumulation in Aging. |
Volume: |
193 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1953-1968 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lipscomb M |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
Resolvin D2 limits atherosclerosis progression via myeloid cell-GPR18. |
Volume: |
38 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
e23555 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Dort J |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Resolvin-D2 targets myogenic cells and improves muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
6264 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chiang N |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Novel Resolvin D2 Receptor Axis in Infectious Inflammation. |
Volume: |
198 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
842-851 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hellmann J |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Invest Dermatol |
Title: |
Biosynthesis of D-Series Resolvins in Skin Provides Insights into their Role in Tissue Repair. |
Volume: |
138 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
2051-2060 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhang MJ |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Circulation |
Title: |
Resolvin D2 Enhances Postischemic Revascularization While Resolving Inflammation. |
Volume: |
134 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
666-680 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Joffre J |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Activation of CB1R Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Reduces Acute Inflammation and Organ Injury. |
Volume: |
204 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
3339-3350 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Backcross DNA Panel Mapping Resource |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
JAX BSS Panel Mapping Data |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
MGC Data curation in Mouse Genome Informatics |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Velocigene |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
Year: |
2012 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Magdaleno S |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
BGEM: an in situ hybridization database of gene expression in the embryonic and adult mouse nervous system. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
e86 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Carninci P |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
Volume: |
309 |
Issue: |
5740 |
Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
Year: |
2020 |
|
Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cyagen Biosciences Inc. |
Year: |
2022 |
|
Title: |
Cyagen Biosciences Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
Year: |
2012 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Reyes-Resina I |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Biochem Pharmacol |
Title: |
Molecular and functional interaction between GPR18 and cannabinoid CB2 G-protein-coupled receptors. Relevance in neurodegenerative diseases. |
Volume: |
157 |
|
Pages: |
169-179 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Whyte LS |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 affects osteoclast function in vitro and bone mass in vivo. |
Volume: |
106 |
Issue: |
38 |
Pages: |
16511-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Several 7TM receptors have been cloned but theirendogenous ligands are unknown; these have been termed orphan receptors. However, recent research has identified certain pharmacological targets that could be investigated to find, for example, new potential cannabinoid receptors or channels [, , ]. GPR18 [, ], GPR55 [, ], GPR119 []show little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but they respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands []. However, because they do not fulfill all of the cannabinoid receptor criteria defined by IUPHAR, the classification of these proteins remains a contentious issue due to conflicting pharmacological results. As a result, they remain classified as putative endogenous agonists by IUPHAR [].This entry represents G protein-coupled receptor 55. It is thought to play a role in bone physiology by regulating osteoclast number and function []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miller S |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
Title: |
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure. |
Volume: |
59 |
Issue: |
15 |
Pages: |
5904-5911 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Taylor L |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Primary Macrophage Chemotaxis Induced by Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists Occurs Independently of the CB2 Receptor. |
Volume: |
5 |
|
Pages: |
10682 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Soga T |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion via an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. |
Volume: |
326 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
744-51 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chu ZL |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
A role for beta-cell-expressed G protein-coupled receptor 119 in glycemic control by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin release. |
Volume: |
148 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2601-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Overton HA |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Deorphanization of a G protein-coupled receptor for oleoylethanolamide and its use in the discovery of small-molecule hypophagic agents. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
167-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ning Y |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
Endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119 differ in signalling pathways and their effects on insulin secretion in MIN6c4 insulinoma cells. |
Volume: |
155 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1056-65 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Swaminath G |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Arch Pharm (Weinheim) |
Title: |
Fatty acid binding receptors and their physiological role in type 2 diabetes. |
Volume: |
341 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
753-61 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lan H |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Endocrinol |
Title: |
GPR119 is required for physiological regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion but not for metabolic homeostasis. |
Volume: |
201 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
219-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Overton HA |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
Title: |
GPR119, a novel G protein-coupled receptor target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. |
Volume: |
153 Suppl 1 |
|
Pages: |
S76-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chu ZL |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Mol Endocrinol |
Title: |
N-oleoyldopamine enhances glucose homeostasis through the activation of GPR119. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
161-70 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Several 7TM receptors have been cloned but their endogenous ligands are unknown; these have been termed orphan receptors. However, recent research has identified certain pharmacological targets that could be investigated to find, for example, new potential cannabinoid receptors or channels [, , ]. GPR18 [, ], GPR55 [, ], GPR119 []show little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but they respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands []. However, because they do not fulfill all of the cannabinoid receptor criteria defined by IUPHAR, the classification of these proteins remains a contentious issue due to conflicting pharmacological results. As a result, they remain classified as putative endogenous agonists by IUPHAR [].This entry represents glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor, also known as G protein-coupled receptor 119. It is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract in rodents and humans, as well as in the brain in rodents []. It has been shown to be involved in the control of glucose-dependent insulin release and glucagon-like peptide 1 release, respectively [, ], which caused a reduction in food intake and body weight gain in rats []. GPR119 has also been shown to regulate incretin and insulin hormone secretion [, , ], behaving as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor. As a result, new drugs acting on the receptor have been suggested as novel treatments for obesity and diabetes [, , ]. Although GPR119 is phylogenetically related to cannabinoid receptors, only fatty acid amides interact with GPR119 [, , , ]. The potency order is N-oleoyl dopamine >oleoyl ethanolamide >palmitoyl ethanolamide >anandamide [, ]. However, because only N-oleoyl dopamine and oleoyl ethanolamide have reasonably high (low micromolar) affinity for GPR119, and because neither of these lipids interacts with CB1 or CB2 receptors, GPR119 cannot currently be viewed as a cannabinoid receptor []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
335
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
327
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|