| Type |
Details |
Score |
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
zebrafish |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Puri R |
| Year: |
2019 |
| Journal: |
Nat Commun |
| Title: |
Mul1 restrains Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mature neurons by maintaining ER-mitochondrial contacts. |
| Volume: |
10 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
3645 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Yun J |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Elife |
| Title: |
MUL1 acts in parallel to the PINK1/parkin pathway in regulating mitofusin and compensates for loss of PINK1/parkin. |
| Volume: |
3 |
|
| Pages: |
e01958 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Tang FL |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Cell Rep |
| Title: |
VPS35 Deficiency or Mutation Causes Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss by Impairing Mitochondrial Fusion and Function. |
| Volume: |
12 |
| Issue: |
10 |
| Pages: |
1631-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ni G |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
Sci Immunol |
| Title: |
Ubiquitination of STING at lysine 224 controls IRF3 activation. |
| Volume: |
2 |
| Issue: |
11 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Rojansky R |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Elife |
| Title: |
Elimination of paternal mitochondria in mouse embryos occurs through autophagic degradation dependent on PARKIN and MUL1. |
| Volume: |
5 |
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zhao H |
| Year: |
2020 |
| Journal: |
Diabetes |
| Title: |
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Exacerbate Obesity-Related Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders via Attenuating Akt2 Signaling. |
| Volume: |
69 |
| Issue: |
6 |
| Pages: |
1164-1177 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Goyon V |
| Year: |
2023 |
| Journal: |
EMBO Rep |
| Title: |
MAPL loss dysregulates bile and liver metabolism in mice. |
| Volume: |
24 |
| Issue: |
12 |
| Pages: |
e57972 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Doiron K |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
Sci Rep |
| Title: |
The dynamic interacting landscape of MAPL reveals essential functions for SUMOylation in innate immunity. |
| Volume: |
7 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
107 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Nguyen M |
| Year: |
2025 |
| Journal: |
Nat Cell Biol |
| Title: |
MAPL regulates gasdermin-mediated release of mtDNA from lysosomes to drive pyroptotic cell death. |
| Volume: |
27 |
| Issue: |
10 |
| Pages: |
1708-1724 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zhang H |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
| Title: |
0610009K11Rik, a testis-specific and germ cell nuclear receptor-interacting protein. |
| Volume: |
366 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
898-904 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Cilenti L |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
| Title: |
Inactivation of Omi/HtrA2 protease leads to the deregulation of mitochondrial Mulan E3 ubiquitin ligase and increased mitophagy. |
| Volume: |
1843 |
| Issue: |
7 |
| Pages: |
1295-307 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Roque PS |
| Year: |
2023 |
| Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
| Title: |
Parvalbumin interneuron loss mediates repeated anesthesia-induced memory deficits in mice. |
| Volume: |
133 |
| Issue: |
2 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Pagliarini DJ |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Cell |
| Title: |
A mitochondrial protein compendium elucidates complex I disease biology. |
| Volume: |
134 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
112-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI and IMPC |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
MGI Curation of Endonuclease-Mediated Alleles (CRISPR) from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniPathway vocabulary mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GOA curators, MGI curators |
| Year: |
2001 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Velocigene |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI and IMPC |
| Year: |
2026 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
MGI Load of Molecular Notes for Endonuclease-Mediated (CRISPR) Alleles from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Carninci P |
| Year: |
2005 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
| Volume: |
309 |
| Issue: |
5740 |
| Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kawai J |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
| Volume: |
409 |
| Issue: |
6821 |
| Pages: |
685-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zambrowicz BP |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: a gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. |
| Volume: |
100 |
| Issue: |
24 |
| Pages: |
14109-14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Skarnes WC |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. |
| Volume: |
474 |
| Issue: |
7351 |
| Pages: |
337-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Adams DJ |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. |
| Volume: |
627 |
| Issue: |
8002 |
| Pages: |
130-136 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGD Nomenclature Committee |
| Year: |
1995 |
|
| Title: |
Nomenclature Committee Use |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Cyagen Biosciences Inc. |
| Year: |
2022 |
|
| Title: |
Cyagen Biosciences Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GOA curators |
| Year: |
2016 |
|
| Title: |
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators |
| Year: |
2011 |
|
| Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt |
| Year: |
2021 |
|
| Title: |
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
| Year: |
2002 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
| Volume: |
420 |
| Issue: |
6915 |
| Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
| Year: |
2020 |
|
| Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
| Year: |
2001 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2002 |
|
| Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| Year: |
2000 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Database Procedure |
| Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bairoch A |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Allen Institute |
| Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
The MDM2/MDM4 and MUL1 family includes proteins that regulate cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as mitochondrial morphology and localization. Members of the family, such as MDM4, inhibit TP53 and TP73, preventing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding their transcriptional activation domains. They also inhibit the degradation of MDM2 and can reverse MDM2-targeted degradation of TP53, while suppressing TP53 transactivation and apoptotic functions. MUL1 proteins, on the other hand, exhibit E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity, accepting ubiquitin from E2 enzymes and transferring it to substrates. They play roles in mitochondrial dynamics, promoting fragmentation and influencing localization. MUL1 proteins also ubiquitinate and regulate proteins like AKT1 and TP53, and are involved in immune defense by modulating antiviral responses. The family is characterized by the presence of zinc finger domains and, in some members, RING finger domains that mediate specific protein interactions. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
352
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Lokireddy S |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Cell Metab |
| Title: |
The ubiquitin ligase Mul1 induces mitophagy in skeletal muscle in response to muscle-wasting stimuli. |
| Volume: |
16 |
| Issue: |
5 |
| Pages: |
613-24 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Jenkins K |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Immunol Cell Biol |
| Title: |
Mitochondrially localised MUL1 is a novel modulator of antiviral signaling. |
| Volume: |
91 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
321-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
347
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
123
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zhang B |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Cell Res |
| Title: |
GIDE is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces apoptosis and slows growth. |
| Volume: |
18 |
| Issue: |
9 |
| Pages: |
900-10 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Neuspiel M |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Curr Biol |
| Title: |
Cargo-selected transport from the mitochondria to peroxisomes is mediated by vesicular carriers. |
| Volume: |
18 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
102-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Peng J |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Mitochondrion |
| Title: |
Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1: A key enzyme in regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and functions. |
| Volume: |
28 |
|
| Pages: |
49-53 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Domain |
| Description: |
This domain is found in mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1 (MULAN, also known as MUL1) from animals and ubiquitin E3 Ligase SP1/SP2/SPL1/SPL2 from Arabidopsis.MUL1 is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane with its RING finger domain facing the cytoplasm. Mul1 functions as a ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate molecules such as mitofusin2 (Mfn2), Akt, p53 and ULK1, through its RING finger domain, leading to proteins degradation. Moreover, Mul1 can also act as a small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) E3 ligase to sumoylate proteins such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), enhancing protein stabilization []. It playsa role in the control of mitochondrial morphology, promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and influences mitochondrial localisation []. When over-expressed in human cells, it activates JNK through MAP3K7/TAK1 and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis []. MUL1 has also been shown to regulate RIG-I mediated antiviral response []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ling Q |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Curr Biol |
| Title: |
Regulation of Chloroplast Protein Import by the Ubiquitin E3 Ligase SP1 Is Important for Stress Tolerance in Plants. |
| Volume: |
25 |
| Issue: |
19 |
| Pages: |
2527-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ling Q |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
Chloroplast biogenesis is regulated by direct action of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. |
| Volume: |
338 |
| Issue: |
6107 |
| Pages: |
655-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Chen CW |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Nat Commun |
| Title: |
NME3 is a gatekeeper for DRP1-dependent mitophagy in hypoxia. |
| Volume: |
15 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
2264 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|