Type |
Details |
Score |
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cat, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
rabbit, European |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
sheep |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Cytokines can be grouped into a family on the basis of sequence, functional and structural similarities [, , ]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (also known as TNF-alpha or cachectin) is a monocyte-derived cytotoxin that has been implicated in tumour regression, septic shock and cachexia [, ]. The protein is synthesised as a prohormone with an unusually long and atypical signal sequence, which is absent from the mature secreted cytokine []. A short hydrophobic stretch of amino acids serves to anchor the prohormone in lipid bilayers []. Both the mature protein and a partially-processed form of the hormone are secreted after cleavage of the propeptide [].There are a number of different families of TNF, but all these cytokines seem to form homotrimeric (or heterotrimeric in the case of LT-alpha/beta) complexes that are recognised by their specific receptors. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fransen L |
Year: |
1985 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
Molecular cloning of mouse tumour necrosis factor cDNA and its eukaryotic expression. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
4417-29 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
252
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tsitsikov EN |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
TRAF1 is a negative regulator of TNF signaling. enhanced TNF signaling in TRAF1-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
647-57 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
239
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
306
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xu Y |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Targeted disruption of TRAF3 leads to postnatal lethality and defective T-dependent immune responses. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
407-15 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
202
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
235
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:3056622 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2004-12-02 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1893928 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:3505774 |
Age: |
postnatal month 9 |
Image: |
4 |
|
Specimen Label: |
Th1 Tnf 9M WT |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:3056622 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2004-12-02 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1893928 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:3505774 |
Age: |
postnatal week 9.5 |
Image: |
4 |
|
Specimen Label: |
Th1 Tnf 9.5W WT |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:3056622 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2004-12-02 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1893928 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:3505774 |
Age: |
postnatal week 9.5 |
Image: |
4 |
|
Specimen Label: |
Th1 Tnf 9.5W KO |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:3056622 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2004-12-02 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1893928 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:3505774 |
Age: |
postnatal month 9 |
Image: |
4 |
|
Specimen Label: |
Th1 Tnf 9M KO |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shiels H |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Am J Pathol |
Title: |
TRAF4 deficiency leads to tracheal malformation with resulting alterations in air flow to the lungs. |
Volume: |
157 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
679-88 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lomaga MA |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signaling. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1015-24 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yeh WC |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Early lethality, functional NF-kappaB activation, and increased sensitivity to TNF-induced cell death in TRAF2-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
715-25 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lin WJ |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Crucial role for TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) in regulating NFκB2 signaling that contributes to autoimmunity. |
Volume: |
108 |
Issue: |
45 |
Pages: |
18354-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
239
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
252
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
270
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
279
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
219
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
235
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
219
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
324
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
138
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
279
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
306
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
304
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
185
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
202
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bazan JF |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Curr Biol |
Title: |
Emerging families of cytokines and receptors. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
603-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Farrah T |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Emerging cytokine family. |
Volume: |
358 |
Issue: |
6381 |
Pages: |
26 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Peitsch MC |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Int Immunol |
Title: |
A 3-D model for the CD40 ligand predicts that it is a compact trimer similar to the tumor necrosis factors. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
233-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cseh K |
Year: |
1989 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Alternative cleavage of the cachectin/tumor necrosis factor propeptide results in a larger, inactive form of secreted protein. |
Volume: |
264 |
Issue: |
27 |
Pages: |
16256-60 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sherry B |
Year: |
1990 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Characterization of high molecular weight glycosylated forms of murine tumor necrosis factor. |
Volume: |
173 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
1072-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kriegler M |
Year: |
1988 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
A novel form of TNF/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF. |
Volume: |
53 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
45-53 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nguyen LT |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
TRAF2 deficiency results in hyperactivity of certain TNFR1 signals and impairment of CD40-mediated responses. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
379-89 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Gene |
Type: |
gene |
Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kato T Jr |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Genes Cells |
Title: |
Negative regulation of constitutive NF-kappaB and JNK signaling by PKN1-mediated phosphorylation of TRAF1. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
509-20 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhao X |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
TNF signaling drives myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation. |
Volume: |
122 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
4094-104 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ware CF |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev |
Title: |
The TNF superfamily. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
3-4 |
Pages: |
181-4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Locksley RM |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. |
Volume: |
104 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
487-501 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Noti M |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
TNF suppresses acute intestinal inflammation by inducing local glucocorticoid synthesis. |
Volume: |
207 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1057-66 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kelagere Y |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Ocul Surf |
Title: |
TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease. |
Volume: |
30 |
|
Pages: |
119-128 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wright HV |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
IL-3-mediated TNF production is necessary for mast cell development. |
Volume: |
176 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
2114-21 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kontoyiannis D |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Impaired on/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
387-98 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kanazawa K |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Bone Miner Res |
Title: |
TRAF2 is essential for TNF-alpha-induced osteoclastogenesis. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
840-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Suto H |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration. |
Volume: |
176 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
4102-12 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Andrade RM |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
TNF receptor-associated factor 6-dependent CD40 signaling primes macrophages to acquire antimicrobial activity in response to TNF-alpha. |
Volume: |
175 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
6014-21 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Luecke S |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
EMBO Rep |
Title: |
Tonic TNF conditioning of macrophages safeguards stimulus-specific inflammatory responses. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
e55986 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jabara HH |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Int Immunol |
Title: |
TRAF2 and TRAF3 independently mediate Ig class switching driven by CD40. |
Volume: |
21 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
477-88 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Probert L |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Neuroscience |
Title: |
TNF and its receptors in the CNS: The essential, the desirable and the deleterious effects. |
Volume: |
302 |
|
Pages: |
2-22 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gardam S |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
TRAF2 and TRAF3 signal adapters act cooperatively to control the maturation and survival signals delivered to B cells by the BAFF receptor. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
391-401 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Soni S |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
ATP redirects cytokine trafficking and promotes novel membrane TNF signaling via microvesicles. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
6442-6455 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ilg RC |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Curr Eye Res |
Title: |
Altered retinal neovascularization in TNF receptor-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
30 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
1003-13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wolf Y |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
J Exp Med |
Title: |
Autonomous TNF is critical for in vivo monocyte survival in steady state and inflammation. |
Volume: |
214 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
905-917 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Deboer T |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
J Neurophysiol |
Title: |
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and TNF receptor deficiency affects sleep and the sleep EEG. |
Volume: |
88 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
839-46 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Alexopoulou L |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
A murine transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transgene induces arthritis by cooperative p55/p75 TNF receptor signaling. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2588-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ichikawa D |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
TNF-receptor associated factor 6-deficient fibroblast is sensitive to the TNF-alpha-induced cell death: involvement of reactive oxygen species. |
Volume: |
351 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
93-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Speiser DE |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
TNF receptor p55 controls early acute graft-versus-host disease. |
Volume: |
158 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
5185-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Babaya N |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Autoimmunity |
Title: |
Sequence analysis of Tnf as a candidate for Idd16. |
Volume: |
35 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
63-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Peppel K |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Expression of a TNF inhibitor in transgenic mice. |
Volume: |
151 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
5699-703 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fontaine V |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
J Neurosci |
Title: |
Neurodegenerative and neuroprotective effects of tumor Necrosis factor (TNF) in retinal ischemia: opposite roles of TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2. |
Volume: |
22 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
RC216 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kontoyiannis D |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
EMBO J |
Title: |
Interleukin-10 targets p38 MAPK to modulate ARE-dependent TNF mRNA translation and limit intestinal pathology. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
14 |
Pages: |
3760-70 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Willemsen J |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
TNF leads to mtDNA release and cGAS/STING-dependent interferon responses that support inflammatory arthritis. |
Volume: |
37 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
109977 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shakhov AN |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Leukoc Biol |
Title: |
Gene profiling approach in the analysis of lymphotoxin and TNF deficiencies. |
Volume: |
68 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
151-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Makarenkova V |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Leukoc Biol |
Title: |
Dendritic cells and natural killer cells interact via multiple TNF family molecules. |
Volume: |
77 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
408-13 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Clayer E |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
iScience |
Title: |
Severe Impairment of TNF Post-transcriptional Regulation Leads to Embryonic Death. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
101726 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kobayashi T |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
TRAF6 is a critical factor for dendritic cell maturation and development. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
353-63 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Li S |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
PKC phosphorylation of TRAF2 mediates IKKalpha/beta recruitment and K63-linked polyubiquitination. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
30-42 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Nie S |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Resistance to vaccinia virus is less dependent on TNF under conditions of heterologous immunity. |
Volume: |
183 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
6554-60 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hojilla CV |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
TIMP3 regulates mammary epithelial apoptosis with immune cell recruitment through differential TNF dependence. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
e26718 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Heir R |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
J Neurosci |
Title: |
Astrocytes Are the Source of TNF Mediating Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. |
Volume: |
44 |
Issue: |
14 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ledgerwood EC |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Lab Invest |
Title: |
Recent advances in the molecular basis of TNF signal transduction. |
Volume: |
79 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
1041-50 |
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