| First Author | Chiang S | Year | 2020 |
| Journal | Pharmacol Res | Volume | 155 |
| Pages | 104680 | PubMed ID | 32032665 |
| Mgi Jnum | J:307866 | Mgi Id | MGI:6726043 |
| Doi | 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104680 | Citation | Chiang S, et al. (2020) The potential of the novel NAD(+) supplementing agent, SNH6, as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia. Pharmacol Res 155:104680 |
| abstractText | Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is due to deficiency of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, which results in multiple pathologies including a deadly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Frataxin loss leads to deleterious accumulations of redox-active, mitochondrial iron, and suppressed mitochondrial bioenergetics. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop innovative pharmaceuticals. Herein, the activity of the novel compound, 6-methoxy-2-salicylaldehyde nicotinoyl hydrazone (SNH6), was assessed in vivo using the well-characterized muscle creatine kinase (MCK) conditional frataxin knockout (KO) mouse model of FA. The design of SNH6 incorporated a dual-mechanism mediating: (1) NAD(+)-supplementation to restore cardiac bioenergetics; and (2) iron chelation to remove toxic mitochondrial iron. In these studies, MCK wild-type (WT) and KO mice were treated for 4-weeks from the asymptomatic age of 4.5-weeks to 8.5-weeks of age, where the mouse displays an overt cardiomyopathy. SNH6-treatment significantly elevated NAD(+) and markedly increased NAD(+) consumption in WT and KO hearts. In SNH6-treated KO mice, nuclear Sirt1 activity was also significantly increased together with the NAD(+)-metabolic product, nicotinamide (NAM). Therefore, NAD(+)-supplementation by SNH6 aided mitochondrial function and cardiac bioenergetics. SNH6 also chelated iron in cultured cardiac cells and also removed iron-loading in vivo from the MCK KO heart. Despite its dual beneficial properties of supplementing NAD(+) and chelating iron, SNH6 did not mitigate cardiomyopathy development in the MCK KO mouse. Collectively, SNH6 is an innovative therapeutic with marked pharmacological efficacy, which successfully enhanced cardiac NAD(+) and nuclear Sirt1 activity and reduced cardiac iron-loading in MCK KO mice. No other pharmaceutical yet designed exhibits both these effective pharmacological properties. |
