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Publication : Role of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) in transforming growth factor β signalling and angiogenesis.

First Author  Awwad K Year  2015
Journal  Cardiovasc Res Volume  106
Issue  2 Pages  284-94
PubMed ID  25750188 Mgi Jnum  J:251060
Mgi Id  MGI:6104551 Doi  10.1093/cvr/cvv098
Citation  Awwad K, et al. (2015) Role of secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) in transforming growth factor beta signalling and angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 106(2):284-94
abstractText  AIMS: Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1) is a matricellular protein that potentially interferes with growth factor receptor signalling. The aim of this study was to determine how its expression is regulated in endothelial cells and its role in the regulation of endothelial cell function. METHODS AND RESULTS: SMOC1 was expressed by native murine endothelial cells as well as by cultured human, porcine, and murine endothelial cells. SMOC1 expression in cultured cells was increased by hypoxia via the down-regulation of miR-223, and SMOC1 expression was increased in lungs from miR-223-deficient mice. Silencing SMOC1 (small interfering RNA) attenuated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting in in vitro angiogenesis assays. Similarly endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings ex vivo as well as postnatal retinal angiogenesis in vivo was attenuated in SMOC1(+/-) mice. In endothelial cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signalling via activin-like kinase (ALK) 5 leads to quiescence, whereas TGF-beta signalling via ALK1 results in endothelial cell activation. SMOC1 acted as a negative regulator of ALK5/SMAD2 signalling, resulting in altered alpha2 integrin levels. Mechanistically, SMOC1 associated (immunohistochemistry, proximity ligation assay, and co-immunoprecipitation) with endoglin; an endothelium-specific type III auxiliary receptor for the TGF-beta super family and the effects of SMOC1 down-regulation on SMAD2 phosphorylation were abolished by the down-regulation of endoglin. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that SMOC1 is an ALK5 antagonist produced by endothelial cells that tips TGF-beta signalling towards ALK1 activation, thus promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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