| Primary Identifier | IPR044495 | Type | Family |
| Short Name | AKR3D |
| description | This entry represents aldo-keto reductase family 3D, including D-galacturonate reductase Gar1 from Hypocrea jecorina. Gar1 mediates the reduction of D-galacturonate to L-galactonate, the first step in D-galacturonate catabolic process. It also has activity with D-glucuronate and DL-glyceraldehyde. Its activity is seen only with NADPH and not with NADH [].In general, the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) protein superfamily members reduce carbonyl substrates such as: sugar aldehydes, keto-steroids, keto-prostaglandins, retinals, quinones, and lipid peroxidation by-products [, ]. However, there are some exceptions, such as the reduction of steroid double bonds catalysed by AKR1D enzymes (5beta-reductases); and the oxidation of proximate carcinogen trans-dihydrodiol polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; while the beta-subunits of potassium gated ion channels (AKR6 family) control Kv channel opening [].Structurally, they contain an (alpha/beta)8-barrel motif, display large loops at the back of the barrel which govern substrate specificity, and have a conserved cofactor binding domain. The binding site is located in a large, deep, elliptical pocket in the C-terminal end of the beta sheet, the substrate being bound in an extended conformation. The hydrophobic nature of the pocket favours aromatic and apolar substrates over highly polar ones []. They catalyse an ordered bi bi kinetic mechanism in which NAD(P)H cofactor binds first and leaves last []. Binding of the NADPH coenzyme causes a massive conformational change, reorienting a loop, effectively locking the coenzyme in place. This binding is more similar to FAD- than to NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductases []. |
