| First Author | Hemberger M | Year | 2002 |
| Journal | Cytogenet Genome Res | Volume | 99 |
| Issue | 1-4 | Pages | 210-7 |
| PubMed ID | 12900566 | Mgi Jnum | J:85290 |
| Mgi Id | MGI:2673758 | Doi | 10.1159/000071595 |
| Citation | Hemberger M (2002) The role of the X chromosome in mammalian extra embryonic development. Cytogenet Genome Res 99(1-4):210-7 |
| abstractText | Accumulating evidence points to the importance of the X chromosome for trophoblast development. In rodents, the extraembryonic cell lineage differs from somatic tissues in that X chromosome inactivation is imprinted, preferentially silencing the paternal X chromosome. As a consequence, trophoblast development is extremely susceptible to deviations from normal X inactivation and is impaired in situations of increased and reduced X-linked gene dosage. Mouse mutants have also shown that maintenance of X chromosome silencing in extraembryonic tissues requires a special set of heterochromatin proteins. Moreover, the X chromosome has been implicated in causing several malformations of the placenta. The observed importance of the X chromosome for placental development can be explained by the presence of many trophoblast-expressed genes, especially in the proximal and central regions. Given that the placenta represents a postzygotic barrier to reproduction, evolutionary constraints may be responsible for the presence of placental genes on the X chromosome that are often co-expressed in brain and testis. |
