| Primary Identifier | IPR037882 | Type | Domain |
| Short Name | ACD_alphaB-crystallin |
| description | This entry represents the alpha-crystallin domain (ACD) found in the small heat shock protein (sHsp) alphaB-crystallin (HspB5, 20kDa).sHsps are molecular chaperones that suppress protein aggregation and protect against cell stress, and are generally active as large oligomers consisting of multiple subunits [, ]. They are characterised by the presence of an alpha-crystallin domain [].Alpha crystallin, an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, is a large (700kDa) heteropolymer composed of HspB4 and HspB5, generally in a molar ratio of HspB4:HspB5 of 3:1. HspB5 shows increased synthesis in response to stress. HspB5 is also expressed constitutively in other tissues including brain, heart, and type I and type IIa skeletal muscle fibres, and in several cancers including gliomas, renal cell carcinomas, basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas, and head and neck cancer. Its functions include effects on the apoptotic pathway and on metastasis. Phosphorylation of HspB5 reduces its oligomerization and anti-apoptotic activities. HspB5 is protective in demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), being a negative regulator of inflammation []. In early active MS lesions it is the most abundant gene transcript and an autoantigen, the immune response against it would disrupt its function and worsen inflammation anddemyelination. Given as therapy for ongoing demyelinating disease it may counteract this effect []. It is an autoantigen in the pathogenesis of various other inflammatory disorders including Lens-associated uveitis (LAU), and Behcet's disease [, ]. Mutations in HspB5 have been associated with diseases including dominant cataract and desmin-related myopathy []. |
