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Publication : TOP1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced lethal inflammation.

First Author  Ho JSY Year  2021
Journal  Cell Volume  184
Issue  10 Pages  2618-2632.e17
PubMed ID  33836156 Mgi Jnum  J:308894
Mgi Id  MGI:6712859 Doi  10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.051
Citation  Ho JSY, et al. (2021) TOP1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced lethal inflammation. Cell 184(10):2618-2632.e17
abstractText  The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro, and in vivo analyses, we report that topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic treatment with two doses of topotecan (TPT), an FDA-approved TOP1 inhibitor, suppresses infection-induced inflammation in hamsters. TPT treatment as late as 4 days post-infection reduces morbidity and rescues mortality in a transgenic mouse model. These results support the potential of TOP1 inhibition as an effective host-directed therapy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. TPT and its derivatives are inexpensive clinical-grade inhibitors available in most countries. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of repurposing TOP1 inhibitors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
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