| Type | disruption phenotype | Description | Male mice show severe infertility (PubMed:27811987, PubMed:33882315). Defects are caused by impaired riboflavin transport that suppresses the oxidative phosphorylation and reprograms spermatozoa energy metabolism by disrupting flavoenzyme functions (PubMed:33882315). In mutant spermatozoa, fatty acid beta-oxidation is defective with significantly reduced levels of acyl-carnitines and metabolites from the TCA cycle (the citric acid cycle) and accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids (PubMed:33882315). Sperms display abnormal flagellar bending and impaired motility and capacitation (PubMed:27811987). |
