In mice, cilia- and flagella-associated protein 43 (CFAP43) knock-out males are infertile and their spermatozoa are immotile and morphologically abnormal with short and coiled tails, a phenotype very similar to human MMAF (morphological abnormalities of the flagella). In Trypanosoma brucei, CFAP43 localises within the flagellum, closely associated with the part of the axoneme facing the paraflagellar rod (PFR). It associates to a subset of microtubule doublets facing the PFR [].
