Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
Lord ST |
Year: |
1990 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Analysis of fibrinogen A alpha-fusion proteins. Mutants which inhibit thrombin equivalently are not equally good substrates. |
Volume: |
265 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
838-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kirschbaum NE |
Year: |
1990 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
A unique proteolytic fragment of human fibrinogen containing the A alpha COOH-terminal domain of the native molecule. |
Volume: |
265 |
Issue: |
23 |
Pages: |
13669-76 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ghosh S |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway. |
Volume: |
183 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1520-1535.e14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tan YJ |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Virol |
Title: |
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3a protein up-regulates expression of fibrinogen in lung epithelial cells. |
Volume: |
79 |
Issue: |
15 |
Pages: |
10083-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Oostra M |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Virol |
Title: |
Glycosylation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus triple-spanning membrane proteins 3a and M. |
Volume: |
80 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2326-36 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lu W |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 3a protein forms an ion channel and modulates virus release. |
Volume: |
103 |
Issue: |
33 |
Pages: |
12540-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yu CJ |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
FEBS Lett |
Title: |
Identification of a novel protein 3a from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. |
Volume: |
565 |
Issue: |
1-3 |
Pages: |
111-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shen S |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3a is a novel structural protein. |
Volume: |
330 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
286-92 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Minakshi R |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
The SARS Coronavirus 3a protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces ligand-independent downregulation of the type 1 interferon receptor. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
e8342 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Siu KL |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
8865-8877 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Farag NS |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Int J Biochem Cell Biol |
Title: |
Viroporins and inflammasomes: A key to understand virus-induced inflammation. |
Volume: |
122 |
|
Pages: |
105738 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miao G |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
ORF3a of the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 blocks HOPS complex-mediated assembly of the SNARE complex required for autolysosome formation. |
Volume: |
56 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
427-442.e5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kern DM |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Nat Struct Mol Biol |
Title: |
Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in lipid nanodiscs. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
573-582 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Coronavirus encodes two viroporins, E protein and protein 3a, which act as ion-conductive pores in planar lipid bilayers and are required for maximal SARS-CoV replication and virulence []. In betacoronavirus, this protein plays a role in viral egress via lysosomal trafficking [, ]. Protein 3a from SARS-CoV-2 also blocks autolysosomes formation by binding and sequestering the host component VPS39 for homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) on late endosomes. This prevents fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, disrupting autophagy and facilitating virus egress [].This entry represents protein 3a encoded by Orf3/3a, also known as X1, which forms homotetrameric potassium, sodium or calcium sensitive ion channels (viroporin) and may modulate virus release. It has also been shown to up-regulate expression of fibrinogen subunits FGA, FGBand FGG in host lung epithelial cells [, , , ].3a protein is a pro-apoptosis-inducing protein. It localises to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi compartment. SARS-CoV causes apoptosis of infected cells through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as ORF3a is a potent activator of the signals required for this activation, pro-IL-1beta gene transcription and protein maturation. This protein also promotes the ubiquitination of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) mediated by its interaction with TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). The expression of ORF3a induces NF-kappa B activation and up-regulates fibrinogen secretion with the consequent high cytokine production [, , , ]. Another apoptosis mechanism described for this protein is the activation of the PERK pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR), which causes phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and leads to reduced translation of cellular proteins as well as the activation of pro-apoptotic downstream effectors (i.e ATF4, CHOP) []. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
436
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
436
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
443
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|