Nuclear expression diminished in intensity with gradually more nuclei becoming unlabeled in late cleavage. The continuous linear staining pattern increased in late blastocyst stage. Mid-plane section of blastocysts was seen as punctuate dots at the apicolateral membrane regions of outer cells.
Expression was detected in most chondrocytes of the upper and peripheral resting zone of the epiphysis, and to some extent in the laterally located proliferating chondrocytes. Signal was absent from the hypertrophic zone, the central part of the proliferating zone and the joint surface. Strongest expression resided in the periphery of the epiphyses.
Expressed in the endothelial cells. The vessels were smaller and there was an absence of the major vessels evident in wild type enbryos. The vascular network appeared finer and, overall, vessels were irregular in diameter and shape. The vascular network appeared finer and, overall, vessels were irregular in diameter and shape.
Expression was high at branch tips and markedly decreased to an undetectable level distal to the tips. Beginning at E12.5, some of the immunopositive epithelial cells appeared disorganized and displayed irregular cell shapes. In some areas, immunopositive processes from these cells interdigitated with neighboring immunopositive mesenchymal cells.
Expression was high at branch tips and markedly decreased to an undetectable level distal to the tips. Some of the immunopositive epithelial cells appeared disorganized and displayed irregular cell shapes. In some areas, immunopositive processes from these cells interdigitated with neighboring immunopositive mesenchymal cells.
Expression was high at branch tips and markedly decreased to an undetectable level distal to the tips. Some of the immunopositive epithelial cells appeared disorganized and displayed irregular cell shapes. In some areas, immunopositive processes from these cells interdigitated with neighboring immunopositive mesenchymal cells.
As in controls, the anterior boundary of expression was located one somite posterior to the last formed somite. The level was not changed in the mutant. The expression domain was posteriorly truncated due to loss of tail bud tissues in the mutant.
Expression was detected in the organ of Corti at the basal end of the cochlea in a single row of cells adjacent to the lumen of the cochlear duct, corresponding to the inner hair cells. Weak immunoreactivity in outer hair cell nuclei was also seen.
Levels are strongest in the most apical hair cells, but expression is low or undetectable in hair cells in the more basal regions. Expression is stronger in outer hair cells than inner hair cells. Expression was extremely low in the middle turn.
Levels are strongest in the most apical hair cells, but expression is low or undetectable in hair cells in the more basal regions. Expression is stronger in outer hair cells than inner hair cells. Expression was present in the middle turn.
Nuclear expression diminished in intensity with gradually more nuclei becoming unlabeled in late cleavage. At the late morula stage, immunostaining changed to a continuous, linear pattern around blastomeres. Mid-plane section of late morulae was seen as punctuate dots at the apicolateral membrane regions of outer cells.
Pax3 was expressed in streams of neural crest cells that could be seen emerging from rhombomeres 2 and 4, entering branchial arches 1 and 2 respectively. Streams of cells could also be seen emerging from the neural tube caudal to the otic vesicle.
Expression was observed along the entire body axis from the occipital bone anlage to the newly generated somites in the tail region. Expression was stronger in the caudal half and a small area in the most cranial part of each segmental unit.
Expression was detected exclusively in the pre-terminal portions of olfactory sensory axons within the nerve fiber layer and as the axons enter the glomerular layer, but it is not present in the glomerular neuropil containing the terminal portions of the sensory axons.
Expression was detected in very small patches in the small intestine of the heterozygous mutant and with no definite orientation in the villus structures as seen in the adult. Patches in a villus often connected with those of an adjacent villus.
The posterior expression domain up to prevertebra 5 was consistent with a continuation of the pattern observed at E10.5. Expression was predominant in the ventral horns. Low levels of expression were found in the ependymal layer with an intensity gradient from ventral to dorsal.
Expression in the dorsal-to-ventral strand of cells was thicker with a higher number of labeled cells at E11.5 compared to E10.5. Positive cells in the most ventral level were positioned just dorsal to the floor plate and lateral to the ventricular zone.
Expression was detected in motor neurons in the motor column and by their axons in the motor root. Immunopositive sensory axons were noted entering the dorsal horn. A small number of commissural axons were seen passing along the inside border of the motor column and then across the midline floor plate.
Strongest label in the inner hair cell (IHC) region was between inner sensory and inner pillar cells. Little label was on the modiolar side of IHC. Label was beneath the synaptic region of outer hair cells. Faint label was at the apical end of hair cells.
Strongest label in the inner hair cell (IHC) region was between inner sensory and inner pillar cells. Small puncta of label were beneath outer hair cells in the apical turn of the organ of Corti. The lateral edges of Deiters' cells were outlined.
Strongest label in the inner hair cell (IHC) region was between inner sensory and inner pillar cells. Label was beneath the synaptic region of outer hair cells. Faint label was at the apical end of hair cells. Label continued to surround Deiters' cells.
Strongest label in the inner hair cell (IHC) region was between inner sensory and inner pillar cells. Label was on the modiolar side of IHC in the basal turn. After birth fewer and fewer labeled puncta can be detected around the Deiters' cells.
The rostral expression was almost completely disappeared from the interpeduncular rostral, with only a few cells arriving at their destination. The caudal population seemed to be less severely affected, since more positive cells reached their correct location in the interpeduncular caudal.
Immunofluorescence in the nasal to the medial sides of palatal shelves and the area adjacent to the maxillary blastoma increased rapidly, while that in the oral region of the palatal shelves did not. This distribution pattern was most distinct in the middle hard palate region and extended anteriorly, as well as posteriorly with development.
Immunofluorescence in the nasal to the medial sides of palatal shelves and the area adjacent to the maxillary blastoma increased rapidly, while that in the oral region of the palatal shelves did not. This distribution pattern was most distinct in the middle hard palate region and extended anteriorly, as well as posteriorly with development.
In the superficial region of the hair follicle, strong expression was detected in the outer root sheath and adjacent mesenchyme. In the deep region of the hair follicle, expression was weak in the outer root sheath and stronger in the inner root sheath.
Over 90% of the hair follicles were unpolarized and displayed vertically-oriented growth. The Cdh3 staining was observed as a central cluster of immunostained cells surrounded by Sox9 immunostaining (described as a bicycle wheel like ring of staining). Few follicles displayed asymmetry and were oriented randomly.
Over 90% of the hair follicles were unpolarized and displayed vertically-oriented growth. The Sox9 immunostaining was observed as a ring of cells surrounding a central cluster of Cdh3 immunostained cells (described as a bicycle wheel like ring of staining). Few follicles displayed asymmetry and were oriented randomly.
There is continuity between cells labeled in the anterolateral epithelium of the otocyst, the adjacent mesenchyme, and the ectoderm. Expression was detected in the vestibular atrium and cochlear pouch. Expression labeled only one side of the developing cochlear duct, along the posterior/medial edge of the duct, from which the cochlear sensory epithelium develops.
Expression was detected in the dorsal aorta as in wild type, but the dorsal aorta caudal to the heart is enlarged and dilated, and dorsal to the heart is much small and irregularly shaped in the mutant compared to wild type.
Expression was detected in the dorsal aorta as in wild type, but the dorsal aorta caudal to the heart is enlarged and dilated, and dorsal to the heart is much small and irregularly shaped in the mutant compared to wild type.
Authors state that expression is similar to Smad1. Strongly expressed in the cortex, in uninduced mesenchymal cells in the nephrogenic zone and in ureteric bud tips. A weaker signal was detected in mesenchymal cells in the medulla and around the ureter.
Expression in the mesenchyme was more prominent than in the epithelium. Mesenchymal cells in both the medulla and cortex showed expression at a high level, with the exception of the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the outermost cortex, which showed a weak signal.
Cell counting analysis of expressing cells, summarized in Fig 7D. Decreased expression compared with that of P14. Only the ratio of positive cells in the layer VI was shown, since expression was only seen in the layer VI. Most positive cells were Rbfox3/NeuN-positive neurons (see Fig 8C).
Cell counting analysis of expressing cells, summarized in Fig 7D. Decreased expression compared with that of P14. Only the ratio of positive cells in the layer VI was shown, since expression was only seen in the layer VI. Most positive cells were Rbfox3/NeuN-positive neurons (see Fig 8C).
Cell counting analysis of expressing cells, summarized in Fig 7D. Decreased expression compared with that of P14. Only the ratio of positive cells in the layer VI was shown, since expression was only seen in the layer VI. Most positive cells were Rbfox3/NeuN-positive neurons (see Fig 8C).
Authors state that expression is similar to Smad1. Strongly expressed in the cortex, in uninduced mesenchymal cells in the nephrogenic zone and in ureteric bud tips. A weaker signal was detected in mesenchymal cells in the medulla and around the ureter.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY, and 5-HT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, Nos1 and VIP (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th, NPY, 5-HT and VIP and partial co-expression was seen with CGRP, Calb1 and Nos1.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY, and 5-HT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, Nos1 and VIP (in the small intestine). Partial co-expression was seen with with CGRP, 5-HT, and VIP and no co-expression with the rest.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY, and 5-HT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, Nos1 and VIP (in the small intestine). Co expression was seen with Th, CGRP, 5-HT and VIP, partial co-expression with Calb1 and Nos1, and no co-expression with NPY.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with the rest.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th and CGRP, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with Calb1 and NPY.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th, CGRP, Calb1 and NPY, partial co-expression with CHaT and no co-expression with Nos1.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with CGRP, Calb1 and NPY, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with Th.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th and CGRP, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with Calb1 and NPY.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th and CGRP, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with Calb1 and NPY.
Co-expression analysis was done with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides: TH, NPY and ChAT (in the stomach) and CGRP, Calb1, and Nos1 (in the small intestine). Co-expression was seen with Th and CGRP, partial co-expression with Nos1 and CHaT and no co-expression with Calb1 and NPY.
The number of germ cells inside the cords was increased. However, the number of germ cells in the entire mutant testes was similar to the number in control testes due to the reduced cord volume of mutant testes (quantified in Fig. 3A).
Expression was detected in ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells in the ventrotemporal retina. Co-label was seen with Isl1, which labels all postmitotic RGC's. The number of RGC's co-labeled with EdU was higher when injected at E13 than when injected at previous ages.
Expression was detected in ipsilateral retinal ganglion cells in the ventrotemporal retina. Co-label was seen with Isl1, which labels all postmitotic RGC's. The number of RGC's co-labeled with EdU was highest when injected at E14 than when injected at previous ages.
Expression in the ventral thalamus was expanded and appeared to fill all of the ventral thalamus. Expression was detected along the dorsal midline of the dorsal thalamus and pretectum, although its caudal limit did not form an expanded and sharp boundary.
Expression in the ventral thalamus was expanded and appeared to fill all of the ventral thalamus. Expression was detected along the dorsal midline of the dorsal thalamus and pretectum, although its caudal limit did not form an expanded and sharp boundary.
Expression spanned all or most of the mediolateral width of the thalamic neuroepithelium, most likely due to the absence of normal mantle zone development. Elevated expression was seen. Weaker expression in the narrow strip of progenitor cells (pTh-R) caudal to the zona limitans intrathalamica.
High expression was detected in proximal oviduct within almost every ciliated epithelial cell lining the lumen. There are fewer ciliated cells in distal oviduct, and in these regions expression is found in fewer cells. Secretory, nonciliated cells do not show expression.
In the least mature, apical, turn expression was detected in the greater epithelial ridge bordering the sensory epithelium. In the more advanced mid turn expression remained and was more intensely stained than in the apex. In the most mature base turn, the expression was at its strongest.
Expression gradually disappeared in the border cells in the great epithelial ridge adjacent to the future organ of Corti, where the level of Sox2 distribution was gradually increased. Expression remained in the epithelial cells that will give rise to the inner sulcus cells where Sox2 is not expressed.
Beta-galactosidase staining in rhombomere 5 was flanked by two transverse Lhx1-positive bands, which correspond to the r4/r5 and r5/r6 rhombomere boundaries. The blue spots of X-gal staining rostral and caudal to the rhombomere 5 staining were remnants of the facial and glossopharyngeal roots.
Expression was detected in radial precursors. The spatial domains of Fabp7 (BLBP) and Tubb3 immunopositive cells could not be completely separated. A substantial area was Fabp7-positive but Tubb3-negative. The area of the Fabp7 only immunopositive domain, relative to the total cerebellar area per section, was increased 1.8-fold in mutant cerebella at E13.5.
Strong expression was detected in the chondrocytes of the metaphysis. Weak expression was detected in chondrocytes of the epiphysis, but not detected in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the diaphysis. Expression in the epiphysis was stronger in chondrocytes of the marginal area.
Expression was greatly diminished in the growth plate of the double mutant compared with control. The percentage of cells expressing nuclear Hdac4 was significantly decreased at the border of the prehypertrophic and lower columnar zones of the double mutant compared to either Smad2 or Smad3<-/->.
Expression was detected at the chondro-osseous junction between the growth plate cartilage and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. Immunoreactive cells were arranged regularly at short intervals in parallel with the bottom line of the growth plate. These cells were mononuclear and spindle in shape with long processes extending toward the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. These cells appear to be septoclasts/perivascular cells.
Expression was detected at the chondro-osseous junction between the growth plate cartilage and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. Immunoreactive cells possess long processes extending toward the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. Cathepsin B is a marker for these septoclasts/perivascular cells.
By E12.5, there were well-formed primary branches in the pancreas, and Cpa1 expression was largely restricted to the branching tips. All Cpa1-positive cells co-express Pdx1 and constitute a subset of Pdx1-positive epithelial cells (representing 13.3% of total Pdx1-positive cells at E12.5).
In 2/4 double mutant mice, vagal nerve fibers were absent from both sides of the stomach, and the only immunostaining was associated with a very small number of intrinsic neurons. In the other 2/4 double mutant mice, a small number of short vagal fibers was present on one side of the stomach only.
Expression was detected in the dorsal mesenchyme in the back of the trunk. The signal was seen on either side of the neural tube, exhibits a segmental pattern, and extends over 15-20 segments from the first cervical vertebra to the level of the hindlimb.
Expression was detected in the nucleus of oocytes in all stages of ovaries examined, from germ cell cysts, to primordial and growing follicles. Signal in oocytes of 3 dpp, when initial follicle recruitment occurred, was stronger than that of any other stages of oocytes.
Expression was detected in the rostral periventricular portion of the pre-optic area. At P35 there were dramatically more labeled cells compared to P12. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of labeled cells in females compared to males.
Expression was detected in the rostral periventricular portion of the pre-optic area. At P35 there were dramatically more labeled cells compared to P12. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of labeled cells in females compared to males.
Within the prevertebral column, no labeling was detected in pv 1-3, but low levels of transcripts were seen in ventral parts of pv 4. Transcripts increased in abundance over pv 5-7, were most abundant over pv 7-13/14, and then declined more posteriorly.
Rostrally, at levels where the floor plate was present, expression in the mutant was the same as in wild-type embryos. Expression was aberrant in mutants in the absence of the floor plate. Expression varied depending on the distance from the floor plate.
Expression was detected in a gradient in the ventral horn from C6 to C8-T1, in which the labeling reaches its highest level. Between 3rd to 5th cervical vertebrae, a small number of cells expressed b-gal at a low level in the intermediate zone.
The specimen was from the level of the cervical vertebra 7. At the rostral part of this level, expression was detected in a mosaic population of motor neurons. In the medial and caudal parts of this level, expression was in 100% of the motor neurons.
The specimen was from the level of the cervical vertebra 7. At the rostral part of this level, expression was detected in a mosaic population of motor neurons. In the medial and caudal parts of this level, expression was in 100% of the motor neurons.
The specimen was from the level of the cervical vertebra 7. At the rostral part of this level, expression was detected in a mosaic population of motor neurons. In the medial and caudal parts of this level, expression was in 100% of the motor neurons.
The anterior boundary lay within the spinal cord and was at the level of the 5th prevertebra in the ventral part of the cord and the 3rd prevertebra in the middle of the cord. Irregularities in the border are consistent among different embryos.
Expression was detected in the ascending and descending longitudinal pathways that consititute the dorsal columns, dorsal funiculus, and ventrolateral funiculus. There was no expression in the motor column, spinal motor axons, the dorsal root entry zone, or commissural axons as they coursed towards the midline and crossed the floor plate.
Expression was detected in sensory axons. Axons of Alcam-positive/Pvalb-negative cutaneous sensory neurons terminated in the dorsal horn, whereas axons of Alcam-positive/Pvalb-positive proprioceptive sensory neurons projected to the ventral horn. Some Alcam-positive/Pvalb-positive axons were in close proximity to Alcam-positive motor neurons. A subset of Chat-positive motor neurons also strongly expressed Alcam.
In proximity to the anterior boundary of Hoxc8 expression in the spinal cord, expression was in two stripes. A vertical band of cells expressing Hoxc8 extended along the ependymal layer in a dorsoventral orientation. A second, wedge-shaped group of cells was found in a medial to lateral orientation across the mantle layer.
Expression is present in the epaxial domain, but it is significantly reduced from wild type. It was in the newly formed somites and those at the interlimb level (in the dorsomedial quadrant); it was virtually absent in the mature, cranial somites.
Expression is present in the epaxial domain, but it is significantly reduced from wild type. It was in the newly formed somites and those at the interlimb level (in the dorsomedial quadrant); it was virtually absent in the mature, cranial somites.
Intense staining were observed at the periphery of the nucleolus precursor bodies, together with a diffuse staining of the nucleoplasm. A colocalization of heterochromatin and ATRX was detected in some areas at the nucleolus precursor body periphery. The presence of heterochromatin areas that do not contain ATRX is clearly seen.
At late two-cell stage, colocalization of Daxx and ATRX was detectable both in the ring-shaped heterochromatin zones associated with the nucleolus precursor body (NPB) periphery and in NPB-unassociated heterochromatin patches. Some zones of Daxx localization did not overlap with ATRX (and vise versa). ATRX was found in 60% Daxx-positive heterochromatin areas associated with NPBs and in 80% Daxx-positive heterochromatin clumps located outside the NPBs.
At late two-cell stage, colocalization of Daxx and ATRX was detectable both in the ring-shaped heterochromatin zones associated with the nucleolus precursor body (NPB) periphery and in NPB-unassociated heterochromatin patches. Some zones of Daxx localization did not overlap with ATRX (and vise versa). ATRX was found in 60% Daxx-positive heterochromatin areas associated with NPBs and in 80% Daxx-positive heterochromatin clumps located outside the NPBs.
Middle ear ossicles primordia exhibited a diffuse nuclear and peri-nuclear immunoreactivity. The processus brevis of the malleus, as well as the medial part of the handle was more positive, but the stapes appeared less immunoreactive than the otic capsule and other ossicular blastemata.
Expression was detected in ventricular layer. The signal overlaps with the caudal two thirds of Ptf1a (A/B inlay) and Mash1 (Ascl1 - B/C inlay). There was a gap in the expression domain (bracket) that is positive for Ptf1a and Mash1 (Ascl1).
Expression was detected in the ventricular layer. The signal overlaps with the caudal two thirds of Ptf1a (A/B inlay) and Mash1 (Ascl1 - B/C inlay). There was a gap in the expression domain (bracket) that is positive for Ptf1a and Mash1 (Ascl1).
c-myc is largely restricted to cells adjacent to the outside of the compact layer, and to isolated cells or clusters of cells adjacent to and on the inside of the compact layer. c-myc was also observed in endothelial cells lining the endocardial cushion.
A population of second heart field cells was seen to cross from dorsal to ventral, along the 4th pharyngeal arch artery on the right (aortic) side of the aortic sac up to the myocardial borderline of the aortic sac. Another second heart field cell population in front of the gut formed the flow divider and was negative for Tfap2a.
Expression was reduced in the ameloblasts in the lingual cusp with matrix formation. Strong expression was detected in the preameloblasts in the central groove region and the buccal cusp site. No in situ signals were found in preodontoblasts or odontoblasts on P1.
Upregulated expression was observed in two diametrically opposed regions of the myocardium, which precisely mark the sites of atrioventricular canal formation. Quantification of grains indicated a 2.3-fold higher expression in the atrioventricular canal than in the ventricle and fourfold higher than in the atrium.
Expression is inside the protruded part of the paraflocculus. Expression is in one compartment located caudally, a negative compartment was located in the central part, and a compartment with sparse distribution of mildly positive Purkinje cells was located in the rostral part.
Expression is inside the protruded part of the paraflocculus. Expression is in one compartment located caudally, a negative compartment was located in the central part, and a compartment with sparse distribution of mildly positive Purkinje cells was located in the rostral part.
Expression was detected in the ventricular zone in the basal half of the ventricular zone near the ventricular zone/subventricular zone boundary. Expression overlaps with Glcci1 largely in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence and less so in the ventral lateral ganglionic eminence.
Graded expression enriched in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence. There was overlap of Gsx2 immunopositive staining with Glcci1 in situ signal. Overlap of expression was in the basal half of the ventricular zone near the ventricular zone/subventricular zone boundary. The most apical Gsx2 positive cells in the ventricular zone are Glcci1 negative.
Graded expression enriched in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence. There was overlap of Glcci1 in situ signal in the Gsx2 immunopositive domain of the lateral ganglionic eminence. Overlap of expression was in the basal half of the ventricular zone near the ventricular zone/subventricular zone boundary.
Expression was detected in most chondrocytes of the upper and peripheral resting zone of the epiphysis, and to some extent in the laterally located proliferating chondrocytes. Signal was absent from the hypertrophic zone, the central part of the proliferating zone and the joint surface. Strongest expression resided in the periphery of the epiphyses.
The ki/+ tissue shows abundant isoform IIA expression throughout cartilage of the developing tibia that co-localizes with the triple-helical domain of type II collagen. A loss of isoform IIA staining was noticeable at the most proximal region of the developing ki/+ tibia.
Expression was detected at the chondro-osseous junction between the growth plate cartilage and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. Immunoreactive cells were arranged regularly at short intervals in parallel with the bottom line of the growth plate. These cells were mononuclear and spindle in shape with long processes extending toward the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. These cells appear to be septoclasts/perivascular cells.
Expression was detected at the chondro-osseous junction between the growth plate cartilage and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. Immunoreactive cells possess long processes extending toward the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. Cathepsin B is a marker for these septoclasts/perivascular cells.
At the junctional area between the longitudinal and transverse septa, the end portion of the immunopositive cell processes possessed microvillus-like processes that intruded into the cartilage matrix of the transverse septa. Immunoreactive cells were rich in mitochondria. The immunoreactivity was specially condensed on the mitochondrial outer membrane as well as throughout the entire cytoplasm.
