Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX (bone marrow tyrosine kinase gene on chromosome X, also known as ETK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (). It plays central but diverse modulator roles in various signalling processes involved in the regulation of actin reorganisation, cell migration, cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis [, , ]. It has a role in inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer []. It is activated downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) andthe kinase Src [].
Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX (bone marrow tyrosine kinase gene on chromosome X, also known as ETK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (). It plays central but diverse modulator roles in various signalling processes involved in the regulation of actin reorganisation, cell migration, cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis [, , ]. It has a role in inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer []. It is activated downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and the kinase Src [].This entry represents the SH2 domain of BMX.
Txk is a member of the Tec protein tyrosine kinase family. It plays a role in TCR signal transduction, T cell development, and selection which is analogous to the function of Itk. Txk has been shown to interact with IFN-gamma [, ]. Unlike most of the Tec family members Txk lacks a PH domain. Instead Txk has a unique region containing a palmitoylated cysteine string which has a similar membrane tethering function as the PH domain []. This entry includes the SH2 domain of Txk.The Tec protein tyrosine kinase family includes Tec,Btk, Itk, Bmx, and Txk. They contain an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (absent in Txk), a proline-rich region, Src-homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 domains, and a COOH-terminal PTK domain. The TH domain consists of a Zn2+-binding Btk motif and a proline-rich region. The Btk motif is found in Tec kinases, Ras GAP, and IGBP and crucial to the function of the PH domain. It is not present in Txk which is not surprising since it lacks a PH domain. The type 1 splice form of the Drosophila homologue also lacks both the PH domain and the Btk motif. The proline-rich regions are highly conserved for the most part with the exception of Bmx whose residues surrounding the PXXP motif are not conserved (TH-like) and Btk29A which is entirely unique with large numbers of glycine residues (TH-extended). Tec family members all lack a C-terminal tyrosine having an autoinhibitory function in its phosphorylated state [, ].
