CASS4, also known as HEPL, is a Cas family member that regulates FAK and cell spreading [].The CAS (Crk-Associated Substrate) protein family is a group of scaffolding proteins that play important modulatory roles in both normal and pathological cell growth regulation. They contain an N-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and a substrate domain (SD). The SD contains a large number of YxxP motifs, which when phosphorylated by Src-family kinases provide canonical binding sites for proteins containing SH2 domains such as Crk, Crk-L, CRKII [].
CASS4, also called HEPL (HEF1-EFS-p130Cas-like), is a member of the CAS family. It localizes to focal adhesions and plays a role in regulating FAK activity, focal adhesion integrity, and cell spreading []. CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family members are adaptor proteins that contain a highly conserved N-terminal SH3 domain, an adjacent unstructured domain (substrate domain) containing multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that enable binding by SH2-domain containing proteins, a serine-rich four-helix bundle, and a FAT-like C-terminal domain. Most of these domains mediate protein-protein interactions. Through these interactions, they assemble larger signaling complexes that are essential for cell proliferation, survival, migration, and other processes []. The CAS family consists of four members: BCAR1, HEF1, EFS, and CASS4 [].
Enhancer of filamentation 1 (also known as NEDD9 or Cas-L) is a member of the CAS family. It is a scaffolding protein that assembles signaling complexes regulating multiple cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis. It is commonly dysregulated during cancer progression. It interacts with Aurora-A kinase to control ciliary resorption, and with Src and other partners to influence proliferative signaling pathways often activated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [].CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family members are adaptor proteins that contain a highly conserved N-terminal SH3 domain, an adjacent unstructured domain (substrate domain) containing multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that enable binding by SH2-domain containing proteins, a serine-rich four-helix bundle, and a FAT-like C-terminal domain. Most of these domains mediate protein-protein interactions. Through these interactions, they assemble larger signaling complexes that are essential for cell proliferation, survival, migration, and other processes []. The CAS family consists of four members: BCAR1, HEF1, EFS, and CASS4 [].
EFS (also known as SIN) is a member of the CAS family. It is involved in T lymphocyte development and immune system maturation. It has also been linked to several disorders, such as cancers and Chediak-Higashi syndrome []. CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family members are adaptor proteins that contain a highly conserved N-terminal SH3 domain, an adjacent unstructured domain (substrate domain) containing multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that enable binding by SH2-domain containing proteins, a serine-rich four-helix bundle, and a FAT-like C-terminal domain. Most of these domains mediate protein-protein interactions. Through these interactions, they assemble larger signaling complexes that are essential for cell proliferation, survival, migration, and other processes []. The CAS family consists of four members: BCAR1, HEF1, EFS, and CASS4 [].
