The Tropomodulin (Tmod) family consist of four Tmods (Tmods 1-4) and three larger variants termed leiomodins (Lmods 1-3), which are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated fashion []. Members of the Tmod family are actin filament pointed-end-capping proteins that regulate actin subunit association and dissociation from pointed ends in a tropomyosin-dependent manner [].Tropomodulin-3 (Tmod3) is expressed ubiquitously. In human microvascular endothelial cells Tmod3 negatively regulates cell motility []. It is required for erythroblast-macrophage adhesion, coordination of cell cycle with differentiation, and F-actin assembly and remodelling during erythroblast enucleation []. It also provides crucial links in the spectrin membrane skeleton of polarised epithelial cells, enabling the membrane skeleton to maintain cell shape [].
