|  Help  |  About  |  Contact Us

Search our database by keyword

- or -

Examples

  • Search this entire website. Enter identifiers, names or keywords for genes, diseases, strains, ontology terms, etc. (e.g. Pax6, Parkinson, ataxia)
  • Use OR to search for either of two terms (e.g. OR mus) or quotation marks to search for phrases (e.g. "dna binding").
  • Boolean search syntax is supported: e.g. Balb* for partial matches or mus AND NOT embryo to exclude a term

Search results 201 to 300 out of 369 for Cd5

Category restricted to Publication (x)

0.064s

Categories

Category: Publication
Type Details Score
Publication
First Author: Maehara N
Year: 2021
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: AIM/CD5L attenuates DAMPs in the injured brain and thereby ameliorates ischemic stroke.
Volume: 36
Issue: 11
Pages: 109693
Publication
First Author: Oliveira L
Year: 2024
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: CD5L as a promising biological therapeutic for treating sepsis.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 4119
Publication
First Author: Hiernaux JR
Year: 1989
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Characterization of the immunodeficiency of RIIS/J [corrected] mice. I. Association with the CD5 (LY-1) [corrected] B cell lineage.
Volume: 142
Issue: 6
Pages: 1813-7
Publication
First Author: Okamoto H
Year: 1993
Journal: Jpn J Cancer Res
Title: H-2z homozygous New Zealand mice as a model for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: elevated bcl-2 expression in CD5 B cells at premalignant and malignant stages.
Volume: 84
Issue: 12
Pages: 1273-8
Publication
First Author: Wang CT
Year: 2021
Journal: PLoS One
Title: High salt exacerbates acute kidney injury by disturbing the activation of CD5L/apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) protein.
Volume: 16
Issue: 11
Pages: e0260449
Publication
First Author: Matsuura K
Year: 2022
Journal: Commun Biol
Title: Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 783
Publication
First Author: Arai S
Year: 2016
Journal: Nat Med
Title: Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage protein enhances intraluminal debris clearance and ameliorates acute kidney injury in mice.
Volume: 22
Issue: 2
Pages: 183-93
Publication
First Author: Freeman M
Year: 1990
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: An ancient, highly conserved family of cysteine-rich protein domains revealed by cloning type I and type II murine macrophage scavenger receptors.
Volume: 87
Issue: 22
Pages: 8810-4
Publication
First Author: Maehara N
Year: 2014
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Circulating AIM prevents hepatocellular carcinoma through complement activation.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 61-74
Publication
First Author: Guselnikov SV
Year: 2002
Journal: Immunogenetics
Title: A family of highly diverse human and mouse genes structurally links leukocyte FcR, gp42 and PECAM-1.
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 87-95
Publication
First Author: Im SS
Year: 2012
Journal: Mol Cell Biol
Title: Protection from bacterial-toxin-induced apoptosis in macrophages requires the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1a.
Volume: 32
Issue: 12
Pages: 2196-202
Publication
First Author: Infantino S
Year: 2017
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Arginine methylation catalyzed by PRMT1 is required for B cell activation and differentiation.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 891
Publication
First Author: Urbanczyk S
Year: 2022
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Mitochondrial respiration in B lymphocytes is essential for humoral immunity by controlling the flux of the TCA cycle.
Volume: 39
Issue: 10
Pages: 110912
Publication
First Author: Bierling TEH
Year: 2024
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: GLUT1-mediated glucose import in B cells is critical for anaplerotic balance and humoral immunity.
Volume: 43
Issue: 2
Pages: 113739
Publication
First Author: Lin YY
Year: 2012
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Transcriptional regulator Id2 is required for the CD4 T cell immune response in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Volume: 189
Issue: 3
Pages: 1400-5
Publication
First Author: Willis SN
Year: 2017
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Environmental sensing by mature B cells is controlled by the transcription factors PU.1 and SpiB.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 1426
Publication  
First Author: Daum P
Year: 2022
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: The microRNA processing subunit DGCR8 is required for a T cell-dependent germinal center response.
Volume: 13
Pages: 991347
Publication
First Author: Cooper L
Year: 2018
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Assessing the role of the T-box transcription factor Eomes in B cell differentiation during either Th1 or Th2 cell-biased responses.
Volume: 13
Issue: 12
Pages: e0208343
Publication
First Author: Love PE
Year: 1993
Journal: Science
Title: T cell development in mice that lack the zeta chain of the T cell antigen receptor complex.
Volume: 261
Issue: 5123
Pages: 918-21
Publication
First Author: Park IK
Year: 2003
Journal: Nature
Title: Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells.
Volume: 423
Issue: 6937
Pages: 302-5
Publication
First Author: Zhang B
Year: 2024
Journal: Mucosal Immunol
Title: Metabolic fitness of IgA(+) plasma cells in the gut requires DOCK8.
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 431-449
Publication
First Author: Chen MY
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Death Differ
Title: PP4 deficiency leads to DNA replication stress that impairs immunoglobulin class switch efficiency.
Volume: 26
Issue: 7
Pages: 1221-1234
Publication
First Author: Di Pietro A
Year: 2022
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection.
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 86-98
Publication
First Author: Good-Jacobson KL
Year: 2015
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: c-Myb is required for plasma cell migration to bone marrow after immunization or infection.
Volume: 212
Issue: 7
Pages: 1001-9
Publication  
First Author: Schmiedel D
Year: 2021
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Brg1 Supports B Cell Proliferation and Germinal Center Formation Through Enhancer Activation.
Volume: 12
Pages: 705848
Publication  
First Author: Saveliev A
Year: 2021
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Efficient homing of antibody-secreting cells to the bone marrow requires RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1.
Volume: 218
Issue: 3
Publication
First Author: Monzón-Casanova E
Year: 2021
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Essential requirement for polypyrimidine tract binding proteins 1 and 3 in the maturation and maintenance of mature B cells in mice.
Volume: 51
Issue: 9
Pages: 2266-2273
Publication
First Author: Grajkowska LT
Year: 2017
Journal: Immunity
Title: Isoform-Specific Expression and Feedback Regulation of E Protein TCF4 Control Dendritic Cell Lineage Specification.
Volume: 46
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-77
Publication
First Author: Xu Y
Year: 2005
Journal: Immunity
Title: Lyn tyrosine kinase: accentuating the positive and the negative.
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 9-18
Publication  
First Author: Sampson M
Year: 2007
Journal: Front Biosci
Title: Src kinases in G-CSF receptor signaling.
Volume: 12
Pages: 1463-74
Publication
First Author: Iwama A
Year: 1998
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: Use of RDA analysis of knockout mice to identify myeloid genes regulated in vivo by PU.1 and C/EBPalpha.
Volume: 26
Issue: 12
Pages: 3034-43
Publication
First Author: Sosinowski T
Year: 2001
Journal: Immunity
Title: The Src-like adaptor protein downregulates the T cell receptor on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and regulates positive selection.
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 457-66
Publication
First Author: Simeoni L
Year: 2005
Journal: Mol Cell Biol
Title: The transmembrane adapter protein SIT regulates thymic development and peripheral T-cell functions.
Volume: 25
Issue: 17
Pages: 7557-68
Publication
First Author: Kingsbury GA
Year: 2001
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Cloning, expression, and function of BLAME, a novel member of the CD2 family.
Volume: 166
Issue: 9
Pages: 5675-80
Publication
First Author: Ulivieri C
Year: 2003
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Normal B-1 cell development but defective BCR signaling in Lck-/- mice.
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 441-5
Publication
First Author: Wirasinha RC
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Death Differ
Title: Deletion of self-reactive CCR7- thymocytes in the absence of MHC expression on thymic epithelial cells.
Volume: 26
Issue: 12
Pages: 2727-2739
Publication
First Author: Weber KS
Year: 2012
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Distinct CD4+ helper T cells involved in primary and secondary responses to infection.
Volume: 109
Issue: 24
Pages: 9511-6
Publication
First Author: Cho JH
Year: 2010
Journal: Immunity
Title: T cell receptor-dependent regulation of lipid rafts controls naive CD8+ T cell homeostasis.
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 214-26
Publication
First Author: Burkhard SH
Year: 2014
Journal: PLoS One
Title: T cell contamination in flow cytometry gating approaches for analysis of innate lymphoid cells.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Pages: e94196
Publication
First Author: Rowbotham NJ
Year: 2007
Journal: Blood
Title: Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in T-lineage cells inhibits TCR repertoire selection in the thymus and peripheral T-cell activation.
Volume: 109
Issue: 9
Pages: 3757-66
Publication    
First Author: Savage HP
Year: 2019
Journal: Elife
Title: TLR induces reorganization of the IgM-BCR complex regulating murine B-1 cell responses to infections.
Volume: 8
Publication
First Author: Barra MM
Year: 2015
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Premature expression of Foxp3 in double-negative thymocytes.
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: e0127038
Publication
First Author: Siggs OM
Year: 2014
Journal: Immunology
Title: A ZAP-70 kinase domain variant prevents thymocyte-positive selection despite signalling CD69 induction.
Volume: 141
Issue: 4
Pages: 587-95
Publication    
First Author: Kim S
Year: 2021
Journal: Elife
Title: Regulation of positive and negative selection and TCR signaling during thymic T cell development by capicua.
Volume: 10
Publication  
First Author: Kim G
Year: 2018
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Transcription Factor KLF10 Constrains IL-17-Committed Vγ4+ γδ T Cells.
Volume: 9
Pages: 196
Publication
First Author: Kikuchi K
Year: 2001
Journal: Int Immunol
Title: Suppression of thymic development by the dominant-negative form of Gads.
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Pages: 777-83
Publication
First Author: Dal Porto JM
Year: 2004
Journal: Immunity
Title: Regulation of BCR signal transduction in B-1 cells requires the expression of the Src family kinase Lck.
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 443-53
Publication
First Author: Fulton RB
Year: 2015
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: The TCR's sensitivity to self peptide-MHC dictates the ability of naive CD8(+) T cells to respond to foreign antigens.
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 107-17
Publication  
First Author: Chodisetti SB
Year: 2020
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: TLR7 Negatively Regulates B10 Cells Predominantly in an IFNγ Signaling Dependent Manner.
Volume: 11
Pages: 1632
Publication
First Author: Centa M
Year: 2018
Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Title: Acute Loss of Apolipoprotein E Triggers an Autoimmune Response That Accelerates Atherosclerosis.
Volume: 38
Issue: 8
Pages: e145-e158
Publication
First Author: Chappaz S
Year: 2020
Journal: Blood Adv
Title: Germline heterozygous mutations in Nxf1 perturb RNA metabolism and trigger thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia in mice.
Volume: 4
Issue: 7
Pages: 1270-1283
Publication
First Author: Wöhner M
Year: 2016
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Molecular functions of the transcription factors E2A and E2-2 in controlling germinal center B cell and plasma cell development.
Volume: 213
Issue: 7
Pages: 1201-21
Publication
First Author: Willis SN
Year: 2014
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Transcription factor IRF4 regulates germinal center cell formation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism.
Volume: 192
Issue: 7
Pages: 3200-6
Publication
First Author: Sheikh AA
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Context-Dependent Role for T-bet in T Follicular Helper Differentiation and Germinal Center Function following Viral Infection.
Volume: 28
Issue: 7
Pages: 1758-1772.e4
Publication
First Author: Chen MY
Year: 2014
Journal: PLoS One
Title: PP4 is essential for germinal center formation and class switch recombination in mice.
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
Pages: e107505
Publication    
First Author: Lehrke MJ
Year: 2021
Journal: Elife
Title: The mitochondrial iron transporter ABCB7 is required for B cell development, proliferation, and class switch recombination in mice.
Volume: 10
Publication
First Author: Ly A
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Transcription Factor T-bet in B Cells Modulates Germinal Center Polarization and Antibody Affinity Maturation in Response to Malaria.
Volume: 29
Issue: 8
Pages: 2257-2269.e6
Publication
First Author: Gloury R
Year: 2016
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Dynamic changes in Id3 and E-protein activity orchestrate germinal center and plasma cell development.
Volume: 213
Issue: 6
Pages: 1095-111
Publication
First Author: Ricker E
Year: 2020
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Serine-threonine kinase ROCK2 regulates germinal center B cell positioning and cholesterol biosynthesis.
Volume: 130
Issue: 7
Pages: 3654-3670
Publication
First Author: Yamaguchi T
Year: 2010
Journal: Genes Dev
Title: Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 act in concert to promote the G1-to-S progression.
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Pages: 455-69
Publication
First Author: Du Roure C
Year: 2014
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Hematopoietic overexpression of FOG1 does not affect B-cells but reduces the number of circulating eosinophils.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Pages: e92836
Publication
First Author: Kong IY
Year: 2022
Journal: Cell Death Differ
Title: Epigenetic modulators of B cell fate identified through coupled phenotype-transcriptome analysis.
Volume: 29
Issue: 12
Pages: 2519-2530
Publication
First Author: Zhou X
Year: 2013
Journal: Mol Cell Biol
Title: Loss of an Igκ gene enhancer in mature B cells results in rapid gene silencing and partial reversible dedifferentiation.
Volume: 33
Issue: 10
Pages: 2091-101
Publication
First Author: Ghosh HS
Year: 2014
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: ETO family protein Mtg16 regulates the balance of dendritic cell subsets by repressing Id2.
Volume: 211
Issue: 8
Pages: 1623-35
Publication
First Author: Piovesan D
Year: 2017
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: c-Myb Regulates the T-Bet-Dependent Differentiation Program in B Cells to Coordinate Antibody Responses.
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 461-470
Publication
First Author: Robinson MJ
Year: 2020
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: The Amount of BCL6 in B Cells Shortly after Antigen Engagement Determines Their Representation in Subsequent Germinal Centers.
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 1530-1541.e4
Publication
First Author: Schulz O
Year: 2018
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Myosin II Synergizes with F-Actin to Promote DNGR-1-Dependent Cross-Presentation of Dead Cell-Associated Antigens.
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Pages: 419-428
Publication  
First Author: Wöhner M
Year: 2022
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: The Xbp1-regulated transcription factor Mist1 restricts antibody secretion by restraining Blimp1 expression in plasma cells.
Volume: 13
Pages: 859598
Publication
First Author: Hoogeboom R
Year: 2018
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Myosin IIa Promotes Antibody Responses by Regulating B Cell Activation, Acquisition of Antigen, and Proliferation.
Volume: 23
Issue: 8
Pages: 2342-2353
Publication
First Author: Denton AE
Year: 2019
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Type I interferon induces CXCL13 to support ectopic germinal center formation.
Volume: 216
Issue: 3
Pages: 621-637
Publication
First Author: Robinson WH
Year: 1992
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Extensive polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the mouse B cell differentiation antigen Lyb-2/CD72.
Volume: 149
Issue: 3
Pages: 880-6
Publication
First Author: Priatel JJ
Year: 2006
Journal: J Immunol
Title: RasGRP1 transmits prodifferentiation TCR signaling that is crucial for CD4 T cell development.
Volume: 177
Issue: 3
Pages: 1470-80
Publication
First Author: Shiota J
Year: 1994
Journal: Cell Immunol
Title: A unique murine CD43 epitope Lp-3: distinct distribution from another CD43 epitope S7.
Volume: 155
Issue: 2
Pages: 402-13
Publication
First Author: Nakayama K
Year: 1997
Journal: Int J Exp Pathol
Title: Abnormal development and differentiation of macrophages and dendritic cells in viable motheaten mutant mice deficient in haematopoietic cell phosphatase.
Volume: 78
Issue: 4
Pages: 245-57
Publication
First Author: Hager-Theodorides AL
Year: 2009
Journal: J Immunol
Title: The Gli3 transcription factor expressed in the thymus stroma controls thymocyte negative selection via Hedgehog-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Volume: 183
Issue: 5
Pages: 3023-32
Publication
First Author: Lim PL
Year: 1994
Journal: Mol Immunol
Title: Production of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype in CBA/N xid mice: investigation of the defect using a T15 immunoglobulin transgene.
Volume: 31
Issue: 5
Pages: 351-9
Publication
First Author: Yanaba K
Year: 2009
Journal: J Immunol
Title: The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals.
Volume: 182
Issue: 12
Pages: 7459-72
Publication
First Author: Xiao Z
Year: 2011
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: Inhibition of Fas ligand in NOD mice unmasks a protective role for IL-10 against insulitis development.
Volume: 179
Issue: 2
Pages: 725-32
Publication
First Author: Balakrishnan A
Year: 2018
Journal: J Leukoc Biol
Title: Endogenous co-expression of two T cell receptors promotes lymphopenia-induced proliferation via increased affinity for self-antigen.
Volume: 104
Issue: 6
Pages: 1097-1104
Publication
First Author: Vacchio MS
Year: 2005
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: A novel role for CD28 in thymic selection: elimination of CD28/B7 interactions increases positive selection.
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 418-27
Publication    
First Author: Smith LK
Year: 2021
Journal: Elife
Title: Galectin-9 regulates the threshold of B cell activation and autoimmunity.
Volume: 10
Publication
First Author: Ronet C
Year: 2010
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Regulatory B cells shape the development of Th2 immune responses in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major through IL-10 production.
Volume: 184
Issue: 2
Pages: 886-94
Publication  
First Author: Vanhee S
Year: 2019
Journal: Sci Immunol
Title: Lin28b controls a neonatal to adult switch in B cell positive selection.
Volume: 4
Issue: 39
Publication
First Author: Eshima K
Year: 2020
Journal: Immunology
Title: NF-κB-inducing kinase contributes to normal development of cortical thymic epithelial cells: its possible role in shaping a proper T-cell repertoire.
Volume: 160
Issue: 2
Pages: 198-208
Publication
First Author: Anderson LJ
Year: 2009
Journal: Blood
Title: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A exploits Notch1 to alter B-cell identity in vivo.
Volume: 113
Issue: 1
Pages: 108-16
Publication
First Author: Mouly E
Year: 2018
Journal: Blood Adv
Title: B-cell tumor development in Tet2-deficient mice.
Volume: 2
Issue: 6
Pages: 703-714
Publication
First Author: Sng XYX
Year: 2020
Journal: J Immunol
Title: The Impact of MHC Class I Dose on Development and Maintenance of the Polyclonal Naive CD8+ T Cell Repertoire.
Volume: 204
Issue: 12
Pages: 3108-3116
Publication
First Author: Vincent-Fabert C
Year: 2012
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: A defect of the INK4-Cdk4 checkpoint and Myc collaborate in blastoid mantle cell lymphoma-like lymphoma formation in mice.
Volume: 180
Issue: 4
Pages: 1688-701
Publication
First Author: Marquez ME
Year: 2005
Journal: J Immunol
Title: CD8 T cell sensory adaptation dependent on TCR avidity for self-antigens.
Volume: 175
Issue: 11
Pages: 7388-97
Publication
First Author: Demydenko D
Year: 2010
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: c-Cbl mediated ubiquitylation and regulation of cell surface exposure of CD5.
Volume: 392
Issue: 4
Pages: 500-4
Publication
First Author: Thien CB
Year: 2005
Journal: EMBO J
Title: Loss of c-Cbl RING finger function results in high-intensity TCR signaling and thymic deletion.
Volume: 24
Issue: 21
Pages: 3807-19
Publication
First Author: Poe JC
Year: 2004
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Severely impaired B lymphocyte proliferation, survival, and induction of the c-Myc:Cullin 1 ubiquitin ligase pathway resulting from CD22 deficiency on the C57BL/6 genetic background.
Volume: 172
Issue: 4
Pages: 2100-10
Publication
First Author: Cevik SI
Year: 2012
Journal: PLoS One
Title: CD81 interacts with the T cell receptor to suppress signaling.
Volume: 7
Issue: 11
Pages: e50396
Publication
First Author: Tani-ichi S
Year: 2013
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Interleukin-7 receptor controls development and maturation of late stages of thymocyte subpopulations.
Volume: 110
Issue: 2
Pages: 612-7
Publication
First Author: Ferrero I
Year: 1999
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Functional and phenotypic analysis of thymic B cells: role in the induction of T cell negative selection.
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Pages: 1598-609
Publication
First Author: Xu H
Year: 2008
Journal: Immunology
Title: The modulatory effects of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells on differential T-cell polarization.
Volume: 125
Issue: 2
Pages: 218-28
Publication
First Author: Boesteanu A
Year: 2006
Journal: Int Immunol
Title: Impact of effector cell differentiation on CD4+ T cells that evade negative selection by a self-peptide.
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Pages: 1017-27
Publication  
First Author: Liang W
Year: 2019
Journal: Mol Immunol
Title: Ablation of core fucosylation attenuates the signal transduction via T cell receptor to suppress the T cell development.
Volume: 112
Pages: 312-321
Publication  
First Author: Beckmann D
Year: 2023
Journal: Int J Mol Sci
Title: Ca(2+) Homeostasis by Plasma Membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (PMCA) 1 Is Essential for the Development of DP Thymocytes.
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Publication
First Author: Hayakawa K
Year: 2016
Journal: Leukemia
Title: Loss of a chromosomal region with synteny to human 13q14 occurs in mouse chronic lymphocytic leukemia that originates from early-generated B-1 B cells.
Volume: 30
Issue: 7
Pages: 1510-9