|  Help  |  About  |  Contact Us

Search our database by keyword

- or -

Examples

  • Search this entire website. Enter identifiers, names or keywords for genes, diseases, strains, ontology terms, etc. (e.g. Pax6, Parkinson, ataxia)
  • Use OR to search for either of two terms (e.g. OR mus) or quotation marks to search for phrases (e.g. "dna binding").
  • Boolean search syntax is supported: e.g. Balb* for partial matches or mus AND NOT embryo to exclude a term

Search results 2401 to 2500 out of 7744 for Cd4

Category restricted to Publication (x)

0.024s

Categories

Category: Publication
Type Details Score
Publication
First Author: Natividad JM
Year: 2009
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Host responses to intestinal microbial antigens in gluten-sensitive mice.
Volume: 4
Issue: 7
Pages: e6472
Publication
First Author: Hess Michelini R
Year: 2013
Journal: Cancer Res
Title: Vaccine-instructed intratumoral IFN-γ enables regression of autochthonous mouse prostate cancer in allogeneic T-cell transplantation.
Volume: 73
Issue: 15
Pages: 4641-52
Publication
First Author: Kel JM
Year: 2008
Journal: Int Immunol
Title: Immunization with mannosylated peptide induces poor T cell effector functions despite enhanced antigen presentation.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 117-27
Publication
First Author: Frick JS
Year: 2006
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Colitogenic and non-colitogenic commensal bacteria differentially trigger DC maturation and Th cell polarization: an important role for IL-6.
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 1537-47
Publication
First Author: Curtiss ML
Year: 2012
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Tim-1 regulates Th2 responses in an airway hypersensitivity model.
Volume: 42
Issue: 3
Pages: 651-61
Publication
First Author: Qiao G
Year: 2010
Journal: Cell Death Differ
Title: Altered thymic selection by overexpressing cellular FLICE inhibitory protein in T cells causes lupus-like syndrome in a BALB/c but not C57BL/6 strain.
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 522-33
Publication
First Author: Nakayama T
Year: 2002
Journal: J Immunol
Title: The generation of mature, single-positive thymocytes in vivo is dysregulated by CD69 blockade or overexpression.
Volume: 168
Issue: 1
Pages: 87-94
Publication  
First Author: Jung K
Year: 2022
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: VSIG4-expressing tumor-associated macrophages impair anti-tumor immunity.
Volume: 628
Pages: 18-24
Publication
First Author: Reichardt P
Year: 2007
Journal: Blood
Title: Naive B cells generate regulatory T cells in the presence of a mature immunologic synapse.
Volume: 110
Issue: 5
Pages: 1519-29
Publication
First Author: Sun JB
Year: 2012
Journal: J Immunol
Title: B lymphocytes treated in vitro with antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit induce antigen-specific Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Volume: 188
Issue: 4
Pages: 1686-97
Publication  
First Author: Maceiras AR
Year: 2017
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cells have different TCR specificity.
Volume: 8
Pages: 15067
Publication
First Author: Barnden MJ
Year: 1998
Journal: Immunol Cell Biol
Title: Defective TCR expression in transgenic mice constructed using cDNA-based alpha- and beta-chain genes under the control of heterologous regulatory elements.
Volume: 76
Issue: 1
Pages: 34-40
Publication
First Author: Kamikaseda Y
Year: 2021
Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol
Title: Targeted inhibition of EPAS1-driven IL-31 production by a small-molecule compound.
Volume: 148
Issue: 2
Pages: 633-638
Publication
First Author: Ohnmacht C
Year: 2010
Journal: Immunity
Title: Basophils orchestrate chronic allergic dermatitis and protective immunity against helminths.
Volume: 33
Issue: 3
Pages: 364-74
Publication
First Author: Soni C
Year: 2014
Journal: J Immunol
Title: B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling is essential for the development of spontaneous germinal centers.
Volume: 193
Issue: 9
Pages: 4400-14
Publication
First Author: Hepworth MR
Year: 2015
Journal: Science
Title: Immune tolerance. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells mediate intestinal selection of commensal bacteria-specific CD4⁺ T cells.
Volume: 348
Issue: 6238
Pages: 1031-5
Publication
First Author: Hirahara K
Year: 2012
Journal: Immunity
Title: Interleukin-27 priming of T cells controls IL-17 production in trans via induction of the ligand PD-L1.
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 1017-30
Publication
First Author: Baumjohann D
Year: 2013
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: The microRNA cluster miR-17∼92 promotes TFH cell differentiation and represses subset-inappropriate gene expression.
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
Pages: 840-8
Publication
First Author: Basu R
Year: 2015
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: IL-1 signaling modulates activation of STAT transcription factors to antagonize retinoic acid signaling and control the TH17 cell-iTreg cell balance.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 286-95
Publication
First Author: Haynes NM
Year: 2007
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation.
Volume: 179
Issue: 8
Pages: 5099-108
Publication
First Author: Fontenot JD
Year: 2005
Journal: Immunity
Title: Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3.
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 329-41
Publication
First Author: Arroyo-Díaz NM
Year: 2023
Journal: Immunity
Title: Interferon-γ production by Tfh cells is required for CXCR3(+) pre-memory B cell differentiation and subsequent lung-resident memory B cell responses.
Volume: 56
Issue: 10
Pages: 2358-2372.e5
Publication
First Author: Liu D
Year: 2022
Journal: Science
Title: CD97 promotes spleen dendritic cell homeostasis through the mechanosensing of red blood cells.
Volume: 375
Issue: 6581
Pages: eabi5965
Publication
First Author: Jones A
Year: 2016
Journal: Immunity
Title: Immunomodulatory Functions of BTLA and HVEM Govern Induction of Extrathymic Regulatory T Cells and Tolerance by Dendritic Cells.
Volume: 45
Issue: 5
Pages: 1066-1077
Publication
First Author: Huang G
Year: 2012
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Signaling via the kinase p38α programs dendritic cells to drive TH17 differentiation and autoimmune inflammation.
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Pages: 152-61
Publication  
First Author: Park SM
Year: 2019
Journal: Commun Biol
Title: T cell fate following Salmonella infection is determined by a STING-IRF1 signaling axis in mice.
Volume: 2
Pages: 464
Publication
First Author: Plaks V
Year: 2015
Journal: Dev Cell
Title: Adaptive Immune Regulation of Mammary Postnatal Organogenesis.
Volume: 34
Issue: 5
Pages: 493-504
Publication
First Author: Kang S
Year: 2022
Journal: Nat Metab
Title: GAB functions as a bioenergetic and signalling gatekeeper to control T cell inflammation.
Volume: 4
Issue: 10
Pages: 1322-1335
Publication
First Author: Wu X
Year: 2020
Journal: Science
Title: SOSTDC1-producing follicular helper T cells promote regulatory follicular T cell differentiation.
Volume: 369
Issue: 6506
Pages: 984-988
Publication
First Author: Gon S
Year: 2018
Journal: Haematologica
Title: Fit αβ T-cell receptor suppresses leukemogenesis of Pten-deficient thymocytes.
Volume: 103
Issue: 6
Pages: 999-1007
Publication
First Author: Kim CJ
Year: 2018
Journal: Immunity
Title: The Transcription Factor Ets1 Suppresses T Follicular Helper Type 2 Cell Differentiation to Halt the Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Volume: 49
Issue: 6
Pages: 1034-1048.e8
Publication
First Author: Sugiura A
Year: 2022
Journal: Immunity
Title: MTHFD2 is a metabolic checkpoint controlling effector and regulatory T cell fate and function.
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Pages: 65-81.e9
Publication  
First Author: Babic M
Year: 2020
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: NK cell receptor NKG2D enforces proinflammatory features and pathogenicity of Th1 and Th17 cells.
Volume: 217
Issue: 8
Publication
First Author: Castellanos JG
Year: 2018
Journal: Immunity
Title: Microbiota-Induced TNF-like Ligand 1A Drives Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Barrier Protection and Intestinal T Cell Activation during Colitis.
Volume: 49
Issue: 6
Pages: 1077-1089.e5
Publication
First Author: Gao Y
Year: 2013
Journal: Immunity
Title: Control of T helper 2 responses by transcription factor IRF4-dependent dendritic cells.
Volume: 39
Issue: 4
Pages: 722-32
Publication
First Author: Xiao X
Year: 2012
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: OX40 signaling favors the induction of T(H)9 cells and airway inflammation.
Volume: 13
Issue: 10
Pages: 981-90
Publication
First Author: Gaya M
Year: 2015
Journal: Science
Title: Host response. Inflammation-induced disruption of SCS macrophages impairs B cell responses to secondary infection.
Volume: 347
Issue: 6222
Pages: 667-72
Publication
First Author: Tsuji M
Year: 2009
Journal: Science
Title: Preferential generation of follicular B helper T cells from Foxp3+ T cells in gut Peyer's patches.
Volume: 323
Issue: 5920
Pages: 1488-92
Publication
First Author: Thierry GR
Year: 2018
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: The conduit system exports locally secreted IgM from lymph nodes.
Volume: 215
Issue: 12
Pages: 2972-2983
Publication  
First Author: Koscsó B
Year: 2020
Journal: Sci Immunol
Title: Gut-resident CX3CR1hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ.
Volume: 5
Issue: 46
Publication
First Author: Varol C
Year: 2009
Journal: Immunity
Title: Intestinal lamina propria dendritic cell subsets have different origin and functions.
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 502-12
Publication
First Author: Tamoutounour S
Year: 2012
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: CD64 distinguishes macrophages from dendritic cells in the gut and reveals the Th1-inducing role of mesenteric lymph node macrophages during colitis.
Volume: 42
Issue: 12
Pages: 3150-66
Publication
First Author: Hu Q
Year: 2022
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Diverging regulation of Bach2 protein and RNA expression determine cell fate in early B cell response.
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 111035
Publication
First Author: Roquilly A
Year: 2017
Journal: Immunity
Title: Local Modulation of Antigen-Presenting Cell Development after Resolution of Pneumonia Induces Long-Term Susceptibility to Secondary Infections.
Volume: 47
Issue: 1
Pages: 135-147.e5
Publication    
First Author: Canesso MCC
Year: 2024
Journal: Science
Title: Identification of antigen-presenting cell-T cell interactions driving immune responses to food.
Pages: eado5088
Publication
First Author: Cortes JR
Year: 2022
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Oncogenic Vav1-Myo1f induces therapeutically targetable macrophage-rich tumor microenvironment in peripheral T cell lymphoma.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Pages: 110695
Publication    
First Author: Kim S
Year: 2021
Journal: Elife
Title: Regulation of positive and negative selection and TCR signaling during thymic T cell development by capicua.
Volume: 10
Publication
First Author: Sujino T
Year: 2016
Journal: Science
Title: Tissue adaptation of regulatory and intraepithelial CD4⁺ T cells controls gut inflammation.
Volume: 352
Issue: 6293
Pages: 1581-6
Publication
First Author: Wan S
Year: 2021
Journal: Immunity
Title: Costimulation molecules differentially regulate the ERK-Zfp831 axis to shape T follicular helper cell differentiation.
Volume: 54
Issue: 12
Pages: 2740-2755.e6
Publication
First Author: Hou Y
Year: 2024
Journal: Nature
Title: Neuropeptide signalling orchestrates T cell differentiation.
Volume: 635
Issue: 8038
Pages: 444-452
Publication
First Author: Shao X
Year: 2023
Journal: Cell Insight
Title: A role for Hes1 in constraining germinal center B cell formation.
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 100078
Publication
First Author: Assen FP
Year: 2022
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations in the swelling lymph node.
Volume: 23
Issue: 8
Pages: 1246-1255
Publication  
First Author: Beckmann D
Year: 2023
Journal: Int J Mol Sci
Title: Ca(2+) Homeostasis by Plasma Membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (PMCA) 1 Is Essential for the Development of DP Thymocytes.
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Publication
First Author: Schiepers A
Year: 2024
Journal: Immunity
Title: Opposing effects of pre-existing antibody and memory T cell help on the dynamics of recall germinal centers.
Volume: 57
Issue: 7
Pages: 1618-1628.e4
Publication
First Author: Shi Y
Year: 1998
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Promiscuous presentation and recognition of nucleosomal autoepitopes in lupus: role of autoimmune T cell receptor alpha chain.
Volume: 187
Issue: 3
Pages: 367-78
Publication
First Author: Bianchi JJ
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Breakage-Fusion-Bridge Events Trigger Complex Genome Rearrangements and Amplifications in Developmentally Arrested T Cell Lymphomas.
Volume: 27
Issue: 10
Pages: 2847-2858.e4
Publication
First Author: Baek KH
Year: 2003
Journal: J Leukoc Biol
Title: p53 deficiency and defective mitotic checkpoint in proliferating T lymphocytes increase chromosomal instability through aberrant exit from mitotic arrest.
Volume: 73
Issue: 6
Pages: 850-61
Publication
First Author: Zhou W
Year: 2012
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Prostaglandin I2 signaling drives Th17 differentiation and exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Pages: e33518
Publication
First Author: Dertschnig S
Year: 2015
Journal: Blood
Title: Impaired thymic expression of tissue-restricted antigens licenses the de novo generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells in acute GVHD.
Volume: 125
Issue: 17
Pages: 2720-3
Publication
First Author: Rizzuto G
Year: 2022
Journal: Nature
Title: Establishment of fetomaternal tolerance through glycan-mediated B cell suppression.
Volume: 603
Issue: 7901
Pages: 497-502
Publication
First Author: Walzer T
Year: 2005
Journal: Int Immunol
Title: Dendritic cell function in mice lacking Plexin C1.
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
Pages: 943-50
Publication
First Author: Sawatani Y
Year: 2008
Journal: Int Immunol
Title: The role of DC-STAMP in maintenance of immune tolerance through regulation of dendritic cell function.
Volume: 20
Issue: 10
Pages: 1259-68
Publication
First Author: Kralova J
Year: 2016
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: The Transmembrane Adaptor Protein SCIMP Facilitates Sustained Dectin-1 Signaling in Dendritic Cells.
Volume: 291
Issue: 32
Pages: 16530-40
Publication
First Author: Hemmi H
Year: 2012
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Treml4, an Ig superfamily member, mediates presentation of several antigens to T cells in vivo, including protective immunity to HER2 protein.
Volume: 188
Issue: 3
Pages: 1147-55
Publication    
First Author: Marcel N
Year: 2016
Journal: Elife
Title: Notch1 regulated autophagy controls survival and suppressor activity of activated murine T-regulatory cells.
Volume: 5
Publication  
First Author: Marcel N
Year: 2017
Journal: Sci Signal
Title: The lysine deacetylase Sirtuin 1 modulates the localization and function of the Notch1 receptor in regulatory T cells.
Volume: 10
Issue: 473
Publication
First Author: Martinez GJ
Year: 2015
Journal: Immunity
Title: The transcription factor NFAT promotes exhaustion of activated CD8⁺ T cells.
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 265-278
Publication
First Author: Cruz-Adalia A
Year: 2017
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Conventional CD4+ T cells present bacterial antigens to induce cytotoxic and memory CD8+ T cell responses.
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 1591
Publication
First Author: Das G
Year: 2006
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Pivotal roles of CD8+ T cells restricted by MHC class I-like molecules in autoimmune diseases.
Volume: 203
Issue: 12
Pages: 2603-11
Publication
First Author: Kirchenbaum GA
Year: 2014
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Functionally responsive self-reactive B cells of low affinity express reduced levels of surface IgM.
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 970-82
Publication
First Author: Yi Z
Year: 2014
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: The adaptor TRAF3 restrains the lineage determination of thymic regulatory T cells by modulating signaling via the receptor for IL-2.
Volume: 15
Issue: 9
Pages: 866-74
Publication
First Author: Lu Y
Year: 2012
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Th9 cells promote antitumor immune responses in vivo.
Volume: 122
Issue: 11
Pages: 4160-71
Publication
First Author: Jiang X
Year: 2012
Journal: Nature
Title: Skin infection generates non-migratory memory CD8+ T(RM) cells providing global skin immunity.
Volume: 483
Issue: 7388
Pages: 227-31
Publication
First Author: Amante FH
Year: 2010
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Immune-mediated mechanisms of parasite tissue sequestration during experimental cerebral malaria.
Volume: 185
Issue: 6
Pages: 3632-42
Publication
First Author: Xu S
Year: 2010
Journal: J Immunol
Title: IL-17A-producing gammadeltaT cells promote CTL responses against Listeria monocytogenes infection by enhancing dendritic cell cross-presentation.
Volume: 185
Issue: 10
Pages: 5879-87
Publication
First Author: Cornish AL
Year: 2003
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 has IFN-gamma-independent actions in T cell homeostasis.
Volume: 170
Issue: 2
Pages: 878-86
Publication
First Author: Kimura K
Year: 2013
Journal: Infect Immun
Title: CD8+ T cells specific for a malaria cytoplasmic antigen form clusters around infected hepatocytes and are protective at the liver stage of infection.
Volume: 81
Issue: 10
Pages: 3825-34
Publication
First Author: Basu R
Year: 2012
Journal: Immunity
Title: Th22 cells are an important source of IL-22 for host protection against enteropathogenic bacteria.
Volume: 37
Issue: 6
Pages: 1061-75
Publication
First Author: Inoue T
Year: 2017
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: The transcription factor Foxo1 controls germinal center B cell proliferation in response to T cell help.
Volume: 214
Issue: 4
Pages: 1181-1198
Publication
First Author: Westhorpe CLV
Year: 2018
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Effector CD4+ T cells recognize intravascular antigen presented by patrolling monocytes.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 747
Publication
First Author: Elnekave M
Year: 2010
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Directly transfected langerin+ dermal dendritic cells potentiate CD8+ T cell responses following intradermal plasmid DNA immunization.
Volume: 185
Issue: 6
Pages: 3463-71
Publication
First Author: Shi B
Year: 2018
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Foxp1 Negatively Regulates T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation and Germinal Center Responses by Controlling Cell Migration and CTLA-4.
Volume: 200
Issue: 2
Pages: 586-594
Publication
First Author: Feau S
Year: 2011
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Autocrine IL-2 is required for secondary population expansion of CD8(+) memory T cells.
Volume: 12
Issue: 9
Pages: 908-13
Publication
First Author: Gao Y
Year: 2018
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Lnc-chop Promotes Immunosuppressive Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor and Inflammatory Environments.
Volume: 200
Issue: 8
Pages: 2603-2614
Publication
First Author: Ben-Sasson SZ
Year: 2013
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: IL-1 enhances expansion, effector function, tissue localization, and memory response of antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
Volume: 210
Issue: 3
Pages: 491-502
Publication  
First Author: Caputo S
Year: 2020
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Cells Is Immunosuppressive and Drives Early Metastasis.
Volume: 11
Pages: 1820
Publication
First Author: Kozik P
Year: 2020
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Small Molecule Enhancers of Endosome-to-Cytosol Import Augment Anti-tumor Immunity.
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 107905
Publication
First Author: Schroder PM
Year: 2013
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Transient combination therapy targeting the immune synapse abrogates T cell responses and prolongs allograft survival in mice.
Volume: 8
Issue: 7
Pages: e69397
Publication
First Author: Van de Velde LA
Year: 2016
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Stress Kinase GCN2 Controls the Proliferative Fitness and Trafficking of Cytotoxic T Cells Independent of Environmental Amino Acid Sensing.
Volume: 17
Issue: 9
Pages: 2247-2258
Publication
First Author: Kaczanowska S
Year: 2021
Journal: Cell
Title: Genetically engineered myeloid cells rebalance the core immune suppression program in metastasis.
Volume: 184
Issue: 8
Pages: 2033-2052.e21
Publication
First Author: Datta SK
Year: 2003
Journal: J Immunol
Title: A subset of Toll-like receptor ligands induces cross-presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
Volume: 170
Issue: 8
Pages: 4102-10
Publication
First Author: Kim HJ
Year: 2010
Journal: Nature
Title: Inhibition of follicular T-helper cells by CD8(+) regulatory T cells is essential for self tolerance.
Volume: 467
Issue: 7313
Pages: 328-32
Publication
First Author: Bochtler P
Year: 2008
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Type I IFN-induced, NKT cell-mediated negative control of CD8 T cell priming by dendritic cells.
Volume: 181
Issue: 3
Pages: 1633-43
Publication
First Author: Kashyap AS
Year: 2019
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: GEF-H1 Signaling upon Microtubule Destabilization Is Required for Dendritic Cell Activation and Specific Anti-tumor Responses.
Volume: 28
Issue: 13
Pages: 3367-3380.e8
Publication
First Author: Zhang H
Year: 2017
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Myeloid ATG16L1 Facilitates Host-Bacteria Interactions in Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis.
Volume: 198
Issue: 5
Pages: 2133-2146
Publication
First Author: Guillerey C
Year: 2012
Journal: Blood
Title: Pivotal role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammation and NK-cell responses after TLR9 triggering in mice.
Volume: 120
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-9
Publication  
First Author: Kondo T
Year: 2017
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Notch-mediated conversion of activated T cells into stem cell memory-like T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Volume: 8
Pages: 15338
Publication
First Author: Lee CF
Year: 2015
Journal: Cell Rep
Title: Preventing Allograft Rejection by Targeting Immune Metabolism.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 760-770
Publication
First Author: Balkow S
Year: 2010
Journal: Blood
Title: LFA-1 activity state on dendritic cells regulates contact duration with T cells and promotes T-cell priming.
Volume: 116
Issue: 11
Pages: 1885-94
Publication
First Author: Björck P
Year: 2011
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell dichotomy: identification of IFN-α producing cells as a phenotypically and functionally distinct subset.
Volume: 186
Issue: 3
Pages: 1477-85