| Type |
Details |
Score |
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
frog, western clawed |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chimpanzee |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
dog, domestic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
cattle |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
chicken |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
macaque, rhesus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Gene |
| Type: |
gene |
| Organism: |
human |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zhu QM |
| Year: |
2022 |
| Journal: |
Cardiovasc Res |
| Title: |
Endothelial ARHGEF26 is an angiogenic factor promoting VEGF signalling. |
| Volume: |
118 |
| Issue: |
13 |
| Pages: |
2833-2846 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus caroli |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Coding Gene |
| Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
| Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4426803 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2010-09-14 |
| Strength: |
Weak |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1756623 |
| Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
| Stage: |
TS23 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:4822708 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
| Image: |
euxassay_016114_07 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
euxassay_016114_07 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4426803 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2010-09-14 |
| Strength: |
Weak |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1756623 |
| Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
| Stage: |
TS23 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:4822708 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
| Image: |
euxassay_016114_08 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
euxassay_016114_08 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4426803 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2010-09-14 |
| Strength: |
Weak |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1756623 |
| Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
| Stage: |
TS23 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:4822708 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
| Image: |
euxassay_016114_15 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
euxassay_016114_15 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4426803 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2010-09-14 |
| Strength: |
Weak |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1756623 |
| Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
| Stage: |
TS23 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:4822708 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
| Image: |
euxassay_016114_16 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
euxassay_016114_16 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4426803 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2010-09-14 |
| Strength: |
Weak |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1756623 |
| Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
| Stage: |
TS23 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:4822708 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
| Image: |
euxassay_016114_17 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
euxassay_016114_17 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Samson T |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
PLoS One |
| Title: |
The guanine-nucleotide exchange factor SGEF plays a crucial role in the formation of atherosclerosis. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
e55202 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Garc?a-Frigola C |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Brain Res Mol Brain Res |
| Title: |
A collection of cDNAs enriched in upper cortical layers of the embryonic mouse brain. |
| Volume: |
122 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
133-50 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Centers |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Unpublished |
| Title: |
Information obtained from the Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Centers (MMRRC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2002 |
|
| Title: |
Function or Process or Component Unknown following Literature Review |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI and IMPC |
| Year: |
2018 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
MGI Load of Endonuclease-Mediated Alleles (CRISPR) from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Lennon G |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
WashU-HHMI Mouse EST Project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGI and IMPC |
| Year: |
2026 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
MGI Load of Molecular Notes for Endonuclease-Mediated (CRISPR) Alleles from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Hansen GM |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Genome Res |
| Title: |
Large-scale gene trapping in C57BL/6N mouse embryonic stem cells. |
| Volume: |
18 |
| Issue: |
10 |
| Pages: |
1670-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH (Hmgu) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Carninci P |
| Year: |
2005 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
| Volume: |
309 |
| Issue: |
5740 |
| Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kawai J |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
| Volume: |
409 |
| Issue: |
6821 |
| Pages: |
685-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Skarnes WC |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. |
| Volume: |
474 |
| Issue: |
7351 |
| Pages: |
337-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Adams DJ |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. |
| Volume: |
627 |
| Issue: |
8002 |
| Pages: |
130-136 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
MGD Nomenclature Committee |
| Year: |
1995 |
|
| Title: |
Nomenclature Committee Use |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GOA curators |
| Year: |
2016 |
|
| Title: |
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt |
| Year: |
2021 |
|
| Title: |
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2003 |
|
| Title: |
MGI Sequence Curation Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
| Year: |
2002 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
| Volume: |
420 |
| Issue: |
6915 |
| Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
| Year: |
2001 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Diez-Roux G |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
| Title: |
A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo. |
| Volume: |
9 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
e1000582 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2002 |
|
| Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Allen Institute |
| Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| Year: |
2000 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics and Ensembl Genome Database Project |
| Year: |
2026 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
MGI Strain Genome Feature and Gene Model Load from Ensembl. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bairoch A |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Database Procedure |
| Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Allele |
| Name: |
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 26; endonuclease-mediated mutation 2, Patrick Ellinor |
| Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
| Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Domain |
| Description: |
ARHGEF16, also called ephexin-4, acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoG, activating it by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. RhoG is a small GTPase that is a crucial regulator of Rac in migrating cells. ARHGEF16 interacts directly with the ephrin receptor EphA2 and mediates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells by activating RhoG [, ]. ARHGEF26, also called SGEF (SH3 domain-containing GEF), also activates RhoG. It is highly expressed in liver and may play a role in regulating membrane dynamics []. ARHGEF16 and ARHGEF26 contain RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin Homology (PH), and SH3 domains. The SH3 domains of ARHGEFs play an autoinhibitory role through intramolecular interactions with a proline-rich region N-terminal to the DH domain. The SH3 domain of ARHGEF16 also binds to Elmo, and this interaction may relieve the self-inhibitory state ofARHGEF16 [].This entry represents the SH3 domains of ARHGEF16 and ARHGEF26. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Hiramoto-Yamaki N |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
J Cell Biol |
| Title: |
Ephexin4 and EphA2 mediate cell migration through a RhoG-dependent mechanism. |
| Volume: |
190 |
| Issue: |
3 |
| Pages: |
461-77 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Harada K |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Exp Cell Res |
| Title: |
Ephexin4 and EphA2 mediate resistance to anoikis through RhoG and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. |
| Volume: |
317 |
| Issue: |
12 |
| Pages: |
1701-13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ellerbroek SM |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Mol Biol Cell |
| Title: |
SGEF, a RhoG guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates macropinocytosis. |
| Volume: |
15 |
| Issue: |
7 |
| Pages: |
3309-19 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Lee J |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
| Title: |
Arhgef16, a novel Elmo1 binding partner, promotes clearance of apoptotic cells via RhoG-dependent Rac1 activation. |
| Volume: |
1843 |
| Issue: |
11 |
| Pages: |
2438-47 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kim K |
| Year: |
2019 |
| Journal: |
Cells |
| Title: |
Emerging Roles of Ephexins in Physiology and Disease. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
2 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Hamilton AM |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
Mol Cell Neurosci |
| Title: |
A dual role for the RhoGEF Ephexin5 in regulation of dendritic spine outgrowth. |
| Volume: |
80 |
|
| Pages: |
66-74 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
221
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
232
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
173
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
This entry includes ephexin family members [, , ]which comprises ephexin-1 to 5 and related animal proteins, such as ARHGEF26, also called SGEF (SH3 domain-containing GEF) which shows structural similarities with ephexins []. ARHGEF26 is highly expressed in liver and may play a role in regulating membrane dynamics []. A common feature of this proteins, apart from their high sequence homology, is that they are the direct downstream proteins of Eph receptors, a large subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that is activated by Ephrins and involved in various cellular processes such as axon guidance, formation of tissue boundaries, long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and cancer. The are essential for normal function of neurons and their development [].Ephexin-1 (also called NGEF/neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor) plays a role in the homeostatic modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release and plays crucial roles in axon guidance [].Literature data about Ephexin-2 (also known as RhoGEF19) is limited, however, its intrinsic role to function as a GEF for RhoA seems to be clear. It is involved in convergent extension, a developmental step of anterior-posterior axis extension in Xenopus gastrulation through RhoA activation and it also participates in pronephric tubulogenesis of Xenopus and zebrafish. Elevated levels of Ephexin-2 results in the increased activity of RhoA which causes higher cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion [].Ephexin-3 (also called Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5/RhoGEF5) is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues, such as colon, kidney, trachea, prostate, liver, and pancreas, with tendency to be highly expressed in tissues containing epithelial cells. It functions as a GEF for RhoA. It plays a role in cell migration and adhesion as it is involved in Src-induced podosome formation and its deletion causes defects in immature dendritic cell migration in vivo [].Ephexin-4 (also called RhoGEF16) acts downstream of EphA2 to promote ligand-independent breast cancer cell migration and invasion toward epidermal growth factor through activation of RhoG. This in turn results in the activation of RhoG which recruits ELMO2 and Dock4 to form a complex with EphA2 at the tips of cortactin-rich protrusions in migrating breast cancer cells [, , ].Ephexin-5 (also known as RhoGEF15 and Vsm-RhoGEF) is the specific GEF for RhoA activation and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contractility and it is also involved in angiogenesis, as it mediates VEGF-induced Rho GTPase activity modulation. It interacts with EPHA4 PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. It is highly expressed in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, where it may act as a beacon locating sites of new spine formation keeping them in check until incoming activity promotes spine formation at these sites [].Members of the Ephexin family contain a RhoGEF (DH) followed by a PH domain and an SH3 domain, except in Ephexin-5, in which the SH3 domain is absent [, , ]. The ephexin PH domain is believed to act with the DH domain in mediating protein-protein interactions [, , ]. |
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| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Domain |
| Description: |
This is the PH domain of ephexins, which is believed to act with the DH domain in mediating protein-protein interactions [, , , ].This entry includes ephexin family members [, , ]which comprises ephexin-1 to 5 and related animal proteins, such as ARHGEF26, also called SGEF (SH3 domain-containing GEF) which shows structural similarities with ephexins []. ARHGEF26 is highly expressed in liver and may play a role in regulating membrane dynamics []. A common feature of this proteins, apart from their high sequence homology, is that they are the direct downstream proteins of Eph receptors, a large subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that is activated by Ephrins and involved in various cellular processes such as axon guidance, formation of tissue boundaries, long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and cancer. The are essential for normal function of neurons and their development [].Ephexin-1 (also called NGEF/neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor) plays a role in the homeostatic modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release and plays crucial roles in axon guidance [].Literature data about Ephexin-2 (also known as RhoGEF19) is limited, however, its intrinsic role to function as a GEF for RhoA seems to be clear. It is involved in convergent extension, a developmental step of anterior-posterior axis extension in Xenopus gastrulation through RhoA activation and it also participates in pronephric tubulogenesis of Xenopus and zebrafish. Elevated levels of Ephexin-2 results in the increased activity of RhoA which causes higher cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion [].Ephexin-3 (also called Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5/RhoGEF5) is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues, such as colon, kidney, trachea, prostate, liver, and pancreas, with tendency to be highly expressed in tissues containing epithelial cells. It functions as a GEF for RhoA. It plays a role in cell migration and adhesion as it is involved in Src-induced podosome formation and its deletion causes defects in immature dendritic cell migration in vivo [].Ephexin-4 (also called RhoGEF16) acts downstream of EphA2 to promote ligand-independent breast cancer cell migration and invasion toward epidermal growth factor through activation of RhoG. This in turn results in the activation of RhoG which recruits ELMO2 and Dock4 to form a complex with EphA2 at the tips of cortactin-rich protrusions in migrating breast cancer cells [, , ].Ephexin-5 (also known as RhoGEF15 and Vsm-RhoGEF) is the specific GEF for RhoA activation and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contractility and it is also involved in angiogenesis, as it mediates VEGF-induced Rho GTPase activity modulation. It interacts with EPHA4 PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. It is highly expressed in the brain, especially in the hippocampus, where it may act as a beacon locating sites of new spine formation keeping them in check until incoming activity promotes spine formation at these sites [].Members of the Ephexin family contain a RhoGEF (DH) followed by a PH domain and an SH3 domain, except in Ephexin-5, in which the SH3 domain is absent [, , ]. The ephexin PH domain is believed to act with the DH domain in mediating protein-protein interactions [, , ]. |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Shamah SM |
| Year: |
2001 |
| Journal: |
Cell |
| Title: |
EphA receptors regulate growth cone dynamics through the novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor ephexin. |
| Volume: |
105 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
233-44 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Frank CA |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Neuron |
| Title: |
A presynaptic homeostatic signaling system composed of the Eph receptor, ephexin, Cdc42, and CaV2.1 calcium channels. |
| Volume: |
61 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
556-69 |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
849
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
223
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
245
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
257
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
713
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
869
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
183
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
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•
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
1581
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
710
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
802
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
710
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
796
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
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