| Type |
Details |
Score |
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3001928 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2825426 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2825428 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2813626 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2813628 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826026 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826028 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2814226 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2814228 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1897626 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:1897628 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2969128 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
|
| Assay Type: |
In situ reporter (knock in) |
| Annotation Date: |
2021-04-16 |
| Strength: |
Present |
| Sex: |
Female |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:3276428 |
| Pattern: |
Not Specified |
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:6692769 |
| Age: |
postnatal adult |
| Image: |
UC Davis_1877350 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
UC Davis_1877350 |
| Detected: |
true |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826626 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Male |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826628 |
|
| Stage: |
TS28 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14908 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| GXD Expression |
| Probe: |
MGI:4422401 |
| Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
| Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
| Strength: |
Absent |
| Sex: |
Not Specified |
| Emaps: |
EMAPS:2772126 |
|
| Stage: |
TS26 |
| Assay Id: |
MGI:5540578 |
| Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
| Image: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
|
| Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14907 |
| Detected: |
false |
| Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Fredriksson R |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
GenBank Submission |
| Title: |
Mus musculus G protein-coupled receptor 119 (Gpr119) mRNA, complete cds |
|
|
| Pages: |
AY288423 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Grevengoed TJ |
| Year: |
2019 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
N-acyl taurines are endogenous lipid messengers that improve glucose homeostasis. |
| Volume: |
116 |
| Issue: |
49 |
| Pages: |
24770-24778 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Miller S |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
| Title: |
Evidence for a GPR18 Role in Diurnal Regulation of Intraocular Pressure. |
| Volume: |
57 |
| Issue: |
14 |
| Pages: |
6419-6426 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Allele |
| Name: |
G-protein coupled receptor 119; endonuclease-mediated mutation 1, Ikuo Kimura |
| Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
| Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Larco DO |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Endocrinology |
| Title: |
The metabolite GnRH-(1-5) inhibits the migration of immortalized GnRH neurons. |
| Volume: |
154 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
783-95 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ghai R |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
Structural basis for endosomal trafficking of diverse transmembrane cargos by PX-FERM proteins. |
| Volume: |
110 |
| Issue: |
8 |
| Pages: |
E643-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2003 |
|
| Title: |
Data Curation Using Mouse Genome Assembly |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Koscielny G |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
| Title: |
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium Web Portal, a unified point of access for knockout mice and related phenotyping data. |
| Volume: |
42 |
| Issue: |
Database issue |
| Pages: |
D802-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
International Knockout Mouse Consortium |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
MGI download of modified allele data from IKMC and creation of new knockout alleles |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Velocigene |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
International Mouse Strain Resource |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
MGI download of germline transmission data for alleles from IMSR strain data |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
GUDMAP Consortium |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
www.gudmap.org |
| Title: |
GUDMAP: the GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH (Hmgu) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
| Year: |
2001 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Adams DJ |
| Year: |
2024 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. |
| Volume: |
627 |
| Issue: |
8002 |
| Pages: |
130-136 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Cyagen Biosciences Inc. |
| Year: |
2022 |
|
| Title: |
Cyagen Biosciences Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
| Year: |
2012 |
|
| Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Diez-Roux G |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
| Title: |
A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo. |
| Volume: |
9 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
e1000582 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
| Year: |
2010 |
|
| Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| Year: |
2000 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
Allen Institute |
| Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Download |
| Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
| Year: |
2003 |
| Journal: |
Database Procedure |
| Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bairoch A |
| Year: |
1999 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Database Release |
| Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
| Year: |
2005 |
|
| Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Tough IR |
| Year: |
2018 |
| Journal: |
Endocrinology |
| Title: |
Bidirectional GPR119 Agonism Requires Peptide YY and Glucose for Activity in Mouse and Human Colon Mucosa. |
| Volume: |
159 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
1704-1717 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Murakami T |
| Year: |
2019 |
| Journal: |
Endocrinology |
| Title: |
Noninvasive Evaluation of GPR119 Agonist Effects on β-Cell Mass in Diabetic Male Mice Using 111In-Exendin-4 SPECT/CT. |
| Volume: |
160 |
| Issue: |
12 |
| Pages: |
2959-2968 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
McKillop AM |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Diabetologia |
| Title: |
Metabolic effects of orally administered small-molecule agonists of GPR55 and GPR119 in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic and incretin-receptor-knockout mice. |
| Volume: |
59 |
| Issue: |
12 |
| Pages: |
2674-2685 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Allele |
| Name: |
transgene insertion 6, Merck Research Laboratory |
| Allele Type: |
Transgenic |
| Attribute String: |
Inserted expressed sequence |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Allele |
| Name: |
transgene insertion 10, Merck Research Laboratory |
| Allele Type: |
Transgenic |
| Attribute String: |
Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Strain |
| Attribute String: |
mutant strain, coisogenic, transgenic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Strain |
| Attribute String: |
mutant strain, coisogenic, transgenic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Cox HM |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
Cell Metab |
| Title: |
Peptide YY is critical for acylethanolamine receptor Gpr119-induced activation of gastrointestinal mucosal responses. |
| Volume: |
11 |
| Issue: |
6 |
| Pages: |
532-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Sykaras AG |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
PLoS One |
| Title: |
Duodenal enteroendocrine I-cells contain mRNA transcripts encoding key endocannabinoid and fatty acid receptors. |
| Volume: |
7 |
| Issue: |
8 |
| Pages: |
e42373 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Whyte LS |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 affects osteoclast function in vitro and bone mass in vivo. |
| Volume: |
106 |
| Issue: |
38 |
| Pages: |
16511-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
Several 7TM receptors have been cloned but theirendogenous ligands are unknown; these have been termed orphan receptors. However, recent research has identified certain pharmacological targets that could be investigated to find, for example, new potential cannabinoid receptors or channels [, , ]. GPR18 [, ], GPR55 [, ], GPR119 []show little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but they respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands []. However, because they do not fulfill all of the cannabinoid receptor criteria defined by IUPHAR, the classification of these proteins remains a contentious issue due to conflicting pharmacological results. As a result, they remain classified as putative endogenous agonists by IUPHAR [].This entry represents G protein-coupled receptor 55. It is thought to play a role in bone physiology by regulating osteoclast number and function []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Onodera T |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
Sci Rep |
| Title: |
Eicosapentaenoic acid and 5-HEPE enhance macrophage-mediated Treg induction in mice. |
| Volume: |
7 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
4560 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Ali S |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
| Title: |
Dual elimination of the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors in mice reveals plasticity in the incretin axis. |
| Volume: |
121 |
| Issue: |
5 |
| Pages: |
1917-29 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Wang F |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol |
| Title: |
The role of apolipoprotein A-IV in regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. |
| Volume: |
309 |
| Issue: |
8 |
| Pages: |
G680-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kohno M |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
| Title: |
Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. |
| Volume: |
347 |
| Issue: |
3 |
| Pages: |
827-32 |
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•
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Burstein S |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Neuropharmacology |
| Title: |
The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs. |
| Volume: |
55 |
| Issue: |
8 |
| Pages: |
1259-64 |
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•
•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bradshaw HB |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat |
| Title: |
Orphan endogenous lipids and orphan GPCRs: a good match. |
| Volume: |
89 |
| Issue: |
3-4 |
| Pages: |
131-4 |
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•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Southern C |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
J Biomol Screen |
| Title: |
Screening β-arrestin recruitment for the identification of natural ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. |
| Volume: |
18 |
| Issue: |
5 |
| Pages: |
599-609 |
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•
•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Yin H |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
| Title: |
Lipid G protein-coupled receptor ligand identification using beta-arrestin PathHunter assay. |
| Volume: |
284 |
| Issue: |
18 |
| Pages: |
12328-38 |
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•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Alexander SP |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Br J Pharmacol |
| Title: |
So what do we call GPR18 now? |
| Volume: |
165 |
| Issue: |
8 |
| Pages: |
2411-3 |
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•
•
•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Davenport AP |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Pharmacol Rev |
| Title: |
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new pairings with cognate ligands. |
| Volume: |
65 |
| Issue: |
3 |
| Pages: |
967-86 |
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| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
Several 7TM receptors have been cloned but their endogenous ligands are unknown; these have been termed orphan receptors. However, recent research has identified certain pharmacological targets that could be investigated to find, for example, new potential cannabinoid receptors or channels [, , ]. GPR18 [, ], GPR55 [, ], GPR119 []show little structural similarity to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but they respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands, as well as some natural/synthetic cannabinoid receptor ligands []. However, because they do not fulfill all of the cannabinoid receptor criteria defined by IUPHAR, the classification of these proteins remains a contentious issue due to conflicting pharmacological results. As a result, they remain classified as putative endogenous agonists by IUPHAR [].This entry represents G protein-coupled receptor 18, also known as N-arachidonyl glycine receptor. It has been found to be a receptor for endogenous lipid neurotransmitters, several of which also bind to cannabinoid receptors [, , , ]. Recent research also supports the hypothesis that GPR18 is the abnormal cannabidiol receptor and N-arachidonoyl glycine, the endogenous lipid metabolite of anandamide, initiates directed microglial migration in the CNS through activation of GPR18 []. However, the pairing of GPR18 with N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was not reproduced in two studies based on beta-arrestin assays [, ]. So, until further research allows a more definitive decision the function and nomenclature GPR18 is still being debated [, ]. |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Panaro BL |
| Year: |
2020 |
| Journal: |
Mol Metab |
| Title: |
Intestine-selective reduction of Gcg expression reveals the importance of the distal gut for GLP-1 secretion. |
| Volume: |
37 |
|
| Pages: |
100990 |
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•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
331
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
327
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
327
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
327
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
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•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Taconic |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
| Title: |
Information obtained from Taconic website. |
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