Type |
Details |
Score |
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2813626 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2813628 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826026 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826028 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2814226 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2814228 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1897626 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1897628 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2969128 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826626 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Male |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2826628 |
|
Stage: |
TS28 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
postnatal day 84 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14904 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4422398 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2014-02-07 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2772126 |
|
Stage: |
TS26 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5540576 |
Age: |
embryonic day 17.5 |
Image: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
|
Specimen Label: |
GUDMAP:14903 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
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Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
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Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
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Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
360
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Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors []are members of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. There are three hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, termed HCAR1-3. The family was formerly known as nicotinic acid receptor family, although nicotinic acid only shows submicromolar potency at HCAR2 [, ].The receptors respond to organic acids, including the endogenous short chain fatty acids, butyric acid and L-lactic acid, as well as the lipid lowering agents nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox and acifran [, , ]. There is an increasing number of synthetic ligands mainly targeted at HCAR2 and HCAR3 receptors [, ]. All three receptors are expressed in adipocytes, and are coupled to Gi type G-proteins mediating antilipolytic effects in fat cells [, , , ]. HCAR2 and HCAR3 are also expressed in a variety of immune cells including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and Langerhans cells [, ]. HCAR1 and HCAR2 are found in most mammalian species, whereas HCAR3 is only present in higher primates []. There is evidence that these receptors can mediate anti-inflammatory effects. HCAR2 has been shown to be a receptor for the anti-dyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid (niacin) as well as for the anti-psoriatic drug monomethyl-fumarate [, ]. This entry represents two members of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor family, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (also known as niacin receptor 1, G protein-coupled receptor 109A, nicotinic acid receptor, HM74A) and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (also known as niacin receptor 2, G protein-coupled receptor 109B, low affinity nicotinic acid receptor). The endogenous ligands of HCAR2 and HCAR3 are beta-D-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, respectively []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors []are members of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. There are three hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, termed HCAR1-3. The family was formerly known as nicotinic acid receptor family, although nicotinic acid only shows submicromolar potency at HCAR2 [, ].The receptors respond to organic acids, including the endogenous short chain fatty acids, butyric acid and L-lactic acid, as well as the lipid lowering agents nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox and acifran [, , ]. There is an increasing number of synthetic ligands mainly targeted at HCAR2 and HCAR3 receptors [, ]. All three receptors are expressed in adipocytes, and are coupled to Gi type G-proteins mediating antilipolytic effects in fat cells [, , , ]. HCAR2 and HCAR3 are also expressed in a variety of immune cells including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and Langerhans cells [, ]. HCAR1 and HCAR2 are found in most mammalian species, whereas HCAR3 is only present in higher primates []. There is evidence that these receptors can mediate anti-inflammatory effects. HCAR2 has been shown to be a receptor for the anti-dyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid (niacin) as well as for the anti-psoriatic drug monomethyl-fumarate [, ]. This entry represents hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1, also known as lactate receptor 1, G protein coupled receptor 104 and G-protein coupled receptor 81. The endogenous ligand for HCAR1 is L-lactic acid []. |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Offermanns S |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Pharmacol Rev |
Title: |
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). |
Volume: |
63 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
269-90 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wise A |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid. |
Volume: |
278 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
9869-74 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Skinner PJ |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Bioorg Med Chem Lett |
Title: |
5-N,N-Disubstituted 5-aminopyrazole-3-carboxylic acids are highly potent agonists of GPR109b. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
15 |
Pages: |
4207-9 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Shen HC |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Med Chem |
Title: |
Discovery of novel tricyclic full agonists for the G-protein-coupled niacin receptor 109A with minimized flushing in rats. |
Volume: |
52 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
2587-602 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Maciejewski-Lenoir D |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Invest Dermatol |
Title: |
Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. |
Volume: |
126 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
2637-46 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Irukayama-Tomobe Y |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Aromatic D-amino acids act as chemoattractant factors for human leukocytes through a G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. |
Volume: |
106 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
3930-4 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ahmed K |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |
Title: |
Biological roles and therapeutic potential of hydroxy-carboxylic Acid receptors. |
Volume: |
2 |
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Pages: |
51 |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
343
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
351
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
343
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
351
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Jiang D |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
Title: |
Monomethyl Fumarate Protects the Retina From Light-Induced Retinopathy. |
Volume: |
60 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1275-1285 |
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