Type |
Details |
Score |
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:3287324 |
Pattern: |
Not Specified |
Stage: |
TS24 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 16.5 |
|
|
Specimen Label: |
Not shown, E16.5 |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
11 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689420 |
Pattern: |
Not Specified |
Stage: |
TS20 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 12.5 |
Image: |
2B |
Note: |
Stronger expression is in the paraolivary nucleus and future CA3 region of the hippocampus. |
Specimen Label: |
2B |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Strong |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689424 |
Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
Stage: |
TS24 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 16.5 |
Image: |
2E |
Note: |
Expression is in the paraolivary nucleus. |
Specimen Label: |
2E |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689420 |
Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
Stage: |
TS20 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 12.5 |
|
Note: |
Stronger expression is in the paraolivary nucleus and future CA3 region of the hippocampus. |
Specimen Label: |
Not shown, E12.5 |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689422 |
Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
Stage: |
TS22 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
|
Note: |
Expression is in the paraolivary nucleus. |
Specimen Label: |
Not shown, E14.5 |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
10 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:5052283 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2011-08-05 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1689424 |
Pattern: |
Regionally restricted |
Stage: |
TS24 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5052284 |
Age: |
embryonic day 16.5 |
|
Note: |
Expression is in the paraolivary nucleus. |
Specimen Label: |
Not shown, E16.5 |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
11 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Strausberg R |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
GenBank Submission |
Title: |
Mus musculus, v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B (ras related), clone MGC: 11937, mRNA, complete cds |
|
|
Pages: |
BC006907 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nászai M |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. |
Volume: |
10 |
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shao H |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
A novel RalGEF-like protein, RGL3, as a candidate effector for rit and Ras. |
Volume: |
275 |
Issue: |
35 |
Pages: |
26914-24 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
DeGeer J |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Ral GTPases are critical regulators of spinal cord myelination and homeostasis. |
Volume: |
40 |
Issue: |
13 |
Pages: |
111413 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Oeschger FM |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Cereb Cortex |
Title: |
Gene expression analysis of the embryonic subplate. |
Volume: |
22 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1343-59 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ingham NJ |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
Mouse screen reveals multiple new genes underlying mouse and human hearing loss. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
e3000194 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2001 |
|
Title: |
RIKEN Data Curation in Mouse Genome Informatics |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GOA curators, MGI curators |
Year: |
2001 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Visel A |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
Database issue |
Pages: |
D552-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bedogni F |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Front Mol Neurosci |
Title: |
Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Developing Mouse Neocortex: Intermediate Progenitors Implicated in Axon Development. |
Volume: |
14 |
|
Pages: |
686034 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Velocigene |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
International Mouse Strain Resource |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI download of germline transmission data for alleles from IMSR strain data |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics and the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Phenotype Annotations from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) Database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hansen GM |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Genome Res |
Title: |
Large-scale gene trapping in C57BL/6N mouse embryonic stem cells. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1670-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2014 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
Year: |
2001 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Chromosome assignment of mouse genes using the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium (MGSC) assembly and the ENSEMBL Database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Carninci P |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
Volume: |
309 |
Issue: |
5740 |
Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawai J |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
Volume: |
409 |
Issue: |
6821 |
Pages: |
685-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Adams DJ |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. |
Volume: |
627 |
Issue: |
8002 |
Pages: |
130-136 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zambrowicz BP |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: a gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. |
Volume: |
100 |
Issue: |
24 |
Pages: |
14109-14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Skarnes WC |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. |
Volume: |
474 |
Issue: |
7351 |
Pages: |
337-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators |
Year: |
2011 |
|
Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
Year: |
2012 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GOA curators |
Year: |
2016 |
|
Title: |
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
Volume: |
420 |
Issue: |
6915 |
Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
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|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Iouzalen N |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
Identification and characterization in Xenopus of XsmgGDS, a RalB binding protein. |
Volume: |
250 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
359-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bodemann BO |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
RalB and the exocyst mediate the cellular starvation response by direct activation of autophagosome assembly. |
Volume: |
144 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
253-67 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Moreau J |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Dev Biol |
Title: |
Characterization of Xenopus RalB and its involvement in F-actin control during early development. |
Volume: |
209 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
268-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pomeroy EJ |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
Ras oncogene-independent activation of RALB signaling is a targetable mechanism of escape from NRAS(V12) oncogene addiction in acute myeloid leukemia. |
Volume: |
36 |
Issue: |
23 |
Pages: |
3263-3273 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Vasseur R |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
Title: |
The mucin MUC4 is a transcriptional and post-transcriptional target of K-ras oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Implication of MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB and RalB signaling pathways. |
Volume: |
1849 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1375-84 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Simicek M |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Nat Cell Biol |
Title: |
The deubiquitylase USP33 discriminates between RALB functions in autophagy and innate immune response. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1220-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lebreton S |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Mech Dev |
Title: |
RLIP mediates downstream signalling from RalB to the actin cytoskeleton during Xenopus early development. |
Volume: |
121 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1481-94 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chien Y |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
RalB GTPase-mediated activation of the IkappaB family kinase TBK1 couples innate immune signaling to tumor cell survival. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
157-70 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta (RALGAPB) is a non-catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric RalGAP1 and RalGAP2 complexes which act as GTPase activators for the Ras-like small GTPases RALA and RALB []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Albright CF |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
EMBO J |
Title: |
Characterization of a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for a ras-related GTPase. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
339-47 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Colicelli J |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Sci STKE |
Title: |
Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. |
Volume: |
2004 |
Issue: |
250 |
Pages: |
RE13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lim KH |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Cancer Cell |
Title: |
Activation of RalA is critical for Ras-induced tumorigenesis of human cells. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
533-45 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Ral protein family, including RALA and RALB, belongs to the RAS family of small GTPases. Like other RAS GTPases, Ral proteins function as molecular switches alternating between inactive GDP-bound and active GT-bound states [].In humans, RALA and RALB are activated in tumour-derived cell lines. RALA severely impairs the anchorage-independent proliferation of cancer cell lines [], while RALB is required to suppress apoptotic checkpoint activation and is essential for the survival of a variety of tumour-derived cell lines []. RALA and RALB share the same effector molecules, such as SEC5 and EXO84. However, they seem to function in distinct but inter-related biological processes. RALA regulates the assembly interface of a full octameric exocyst complex through interaction with Sec5 and Exo84 []. The RALB/Sec5 effector complex is involved in the TBK1-dependent innate immune signaling [], while the interaction between PALB and EXO84 promotes the assembly of catalytically active ULK1 and the beclin-1-VPS34 autophagy initiation complex []. This entry also includes Xenopus RalA and RalB. RalB regulates the actin cytoskeleton during the early development and affects gastrulation []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shi CS |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Nat Immunol |
Title: |
Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1β production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
255-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Moskalenko S |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Ral GTPases regulate exocyst assembly through dual subunit interactions. |
Volume: |
278 |
Issue: |
51 |
Pages: |
51743-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Balasubramanian N |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Curr Biol |
Title: |
RalA-exocyst complex regulates integrin-dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
75-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nishimura A |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
Title: |
Identification of a novel prenyl and palmitoyl modification at the CaaX motif of Cdc42 that regulates RhoGDI binding. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1417-29 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shirakawa R |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex-like complexes act as GTPase-activating proteins for Ral GTPases. |
Volume: |
284 |
Issue: |
32 |
Pages: |
21580-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
563
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
478
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wienecke R |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
Co-localization of the TSC2 product tuberin with its target Rap1 in the Golgi apparatus. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
913-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The activity of GTPases is regulated by the opposing effects of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Tuberin (tuberous sclerosis 2 protein or Tsc2) is believed to be a tumor suppressor and is able to stimulate specific GTPases. It stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras-related protein Rap1A and Rab5 [, ]. In complex with Tsc1, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. It acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RheB, a direct activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1 [, ]. Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha is the catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric RalGAP complex which acts as a GTPase activator for the Ras-like small GTPases RalA and RalB []. RalGAP complexes share structural and catalytic similarities with the tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor complex []. |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Rifki OF |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
J Mol Cell Cardiol |
Title: |
RalGDS-dependent cardiomyocyte autophagy is required for load-induced ventricular hypertrophy. |
Volume: |
59 |
|
Pages: |
128-38 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nimnual AS |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos. |
Volume: |
279 |
Issue: |
5350 |
Pages: |
560-3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
172
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
Ras proteins are membrane-associated molecular switches that bind GTP and GDP and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP []in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. The balance between the GTP bound (active) and GDP bound (inactive) states is regulated by the opposite action of proteins activating the GTPase activity and that of proteins which promote the loss of bound GDP and the uptake of fresh GTP [, ]. The latter proteins are known as guanine-nucleotide exchange (or releasing) factors (GEFs or GRFs) (or also as guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs)). GEFs catalyze thedissociation of GDP from the inactive GTP-binding proteins. GTP can then bind and induce structural changes that allow interaction with effectors [, ].The crystal structure of the GEF region of human Sos1 complexes with Ras has been solved []. The structure consists of two distinct alpha helical structural domains: the N-terminal domain which seems to have a purely structural role and the C-terminal domain which is sufficient for catalytic activity and contains all residues that interact with Ras. A main feature of the catalytic domain is the protrusion of a helical hairpin important for the nucleotide-exchange mechanism. The N-terminal domain is likely to be important for the stability and correct placement of the hairpin structure.Some proteins known to contain a Ras-GEF domain are listed below:Cdc25 from yeast.Scd25 from yeast.Ste6 from fission yeast.Son of sevenless (gene sos) from Drosophila and mammals.p140-RAS GRF (cdc25Mm) from mammals. This protein possesses both a domain belonging to the CDC25 family and one belonging to the CDC24 family.Bud5 from yeast, that may interact with the ras-like protein RSR1/BUD1.Lte1 from yeast, whose target protein is not yet known.ralGDS from mammals, which interacts with the ras-like proteins ralA and ralB [].This entry represents the C-terminal catalytic domain of the Ras guanine-nucleotide exchange factors. |
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•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
Ras proteins are membrane-associated molecular switches that bind GTP and GDP and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP []in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. The balance between the GTP bound (active) and GDP bound (inactive) states is regulated by the opposite action of proteins activating the GTPase activity and that of proteins which promote the loss of bound GDP and the uptake of fresh GTP [, ]. The latter proteins are known as guanine-nucleotide exchange (or releasing) factors (GEFs or GRFs) (or also as guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs)). GEFs catalyze the dissociation of GDP from the inactive GTP-binding proteins. GTP can then bind and induce structural changes that allow interaction with effectors [, ].The crystal structure of the GEF region of human Sos1 complexes with Ras has been solved []. The structure consists of two distinct alpha helical structural domains: the N-terminal domain which seems to have a purely structural role and the C-terminal domain which is sufficient for catalytic activity and contains all residues that interact with Ras. A main feature of the catalytic domain is the protrusion of a helical hairpin important for the nucleotide-exchange mechanism. The N-terminal domain is likely to be important for the stability and correct placement of the hairpin structure.Some proteins known to contain a Ras-GEF domain are listed below:Cdc25 from yeast.Scd25 from yeast.Ste6 from fission yeast.Son of sevenless (gene sos) from Drosophila and mammals.p140-RAS GRF (cdc25Mm) from mammals. This protein possesses both a domain belonging to the CDC25 family and one belonging to the CDC24 family.Bud5 from yeast, that may interact with the ras-like protein RSR1/BUD1.Lte1 from yeast, whose target protein is not yet known.ralGDS from mammals, which interacts with the ras-like proteins ralA and ralB [].This entry represents the catalytic domain of the Ras guanine-nucleotide exchange factors. |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
206
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
206
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
49
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
149
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
186
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
111
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
149
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
206
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
137
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
206
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Li Y |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
Title: |
Biochemical and functional characterizations of small GTPase Rheb and TSC2 GAP activity. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
18 |
Pages: |
7965-75 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tee AR |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Tuberous sclerosis complex-1 and -2 gene products function together to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated downstream signaling. |
Volume: |
99 |
Issue: |
21 |
Pages: |
13571-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
662
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
128
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
344
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
489
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
463
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Quilliam LA |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Bioessays |
Title: |
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors: activators of the Ras superfamily of proteins. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
395-404 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Downward J |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
Curr Biol |
Title: |
Ras regulation: putting back the GTP. |
Volume: |
2 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
329-31 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1484
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1507
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
1491
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
207
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|