Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
Diez-Roux G |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
e1000582 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
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|
|
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
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|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
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|
|
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
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|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
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|
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tallent M |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Neuroscience |
Title: |
Somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5 couple negatively to an L-type Ca2+ current in the pituitary cell line AtT-20. |
Volume: |
71 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1073-81 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ohigashi I |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
Identification of the transgenic integration site in immunodeficient tgε26 human CD3ε transgenic mice. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
e14391 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
transgene insertion 26, Cox Terhorst |
Allele Type: |
Transgenic |
Attribute String: |
Inserted expressed sequence |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang B |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
T lymphocyte development in the absence of CD3 epsilon or CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta. |
Volume: |
162 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
88-94 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
mutant stock, transgenic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang B |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
A block in both early T lymphocyte and natural killer cell development in transgenic mice with high-copy numbers of the human CD3E gene. |
Volume: |
91 |
Issue: |
20 |
Pages: |
9402-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
van Ewijk W |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Stepwise development of thymic microenvironments in vivo is regulated by thymocyte subsets. |
Volume: |
127 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1583-91 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kechichian TB |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Infect Immun |
Title: |
Depletion of alveolar macrophages decreases the dissemination of a glucosylceramide-deficient mutant of Cryptococcus neoformans in immunodeficient mice. |
Volume: |
75 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
4792-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Roberts NA |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
Absence of thymus crosstalk in the fetus does not preclude hematopoietic induction of a functional thymus in the adult. |
Volume: |
39 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
2395-402 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Holländer GA |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Immunity |
Title: |
Severe colitis in mice with aberrant thymic selection. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
27-38 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang B |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Int Immunol |
Title: |
Over-expression of CD3 epsilon transgenes blocks T lymphocyte development. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
435-48 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sheng-Fowler L |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
A mouse strain defective in both T cells and NK cells has enhanced sensitivity to tumor induction by plasmid DNA expressing both activated H-Ras and c-Myc. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
e108926 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Tg(CD3E)26Cpt/Tg(CD3E)26Cpt |
Background: |
involves: C57BL/6J * CBA/J |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Cd3e/Cd3e Tg(CD3E)26Cpt/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * CBA |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Babu S |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Host NK cells are required for the growth of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi in mice. |
Volume: |
161 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
1428-32 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Holländer GA |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Developmental control point in induction of thymic cortex regulated by a subpopulation of prothymocytes. |
Volume: |
373 |
Issue: |
6512 |
Pages: |
350-3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ashkar AA |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Biol Reprod |
Title: |
Interferon-gamma contributes to the normalcy of murine pregnancy. |
Volume: |
61 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
493-502 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
mutant stock, targeted mutation, transgenic |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bekiaris V |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
NK cells protect secondary lymphoid tissue from cytomegalovirus via a CD30-dependent mechanism. |
Volume: |
39 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
2800-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang N |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
Int Immunol |
Title: |
Expression of a CD3 epsilon transgene in CD3 epsilon(null) mice does not restore CD3 gamma and delta expression but efficiently rescues T cell development from a subpopulation of prothymocytes. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1777-88 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
AbadÃa-Molina AC |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Gastroenterology |
Title: |
CD48 controls T-cell and antigen-presenting cell functions in experimental colitis. |
Volume: |
130 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
424-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Farnoud AM |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Infect Immun |
Title: |
The Granuloma Response Controlling Cryptococcosis in Mice Depends on the Sphingosine Kinase 1-Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Pathway. |
Volume: |
83 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
2705-13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Klug DB |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Transgenic expression of cyclin D1 in thymic epithelial precursors promotes epithelial and T cell development. |
Volume: |
164 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1881-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jepsen SL |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab |
Title: |
Paracrine crosstalk between intestinal L- and D-cells controls secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in mice. |
Volume: |
317 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
E1081-E1093 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Guimond MJ |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Am J Reprod Immunol |
Title: |
Pregnancy-associated uterine granulated metrial gland cells in mutant and transgenic mice. |
Volume: |
35 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
501-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tokoro Y |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
A mouse carrying genetic defect in the choice between T and B lymphocytes. |
Volume: |
161 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
4591-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Louten J |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Type 1 IFN deficiency in the absence of normal splenic architecture during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. |
Volume: |
177 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
3266-72 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Guimond MJ |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Biol Reprod |
Title: |
Absence of natural killer cells during murine pregnancy is associated with reproductive compromise in TgE26 mice. |
Volume: |
56 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
169-79 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Huber VC |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis makes a significant contribution to clearance of influenza virus infections. |
Volume: |
166 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
7381-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Klug DB |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Cutting edge: thymocyte-independent and thymocyte-dependent phases of epithelial patterning in the fetal thymus. |
Volume: |
169 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2842-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pozdnyakova O |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Impaired antibody response to group B streptococcal type III capsular polysaccharide in C3- and complement receptor 2-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
170 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
84-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang XP |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell Endocrinol |
Title: |
Alterations in glucose homeostasis in SSTR1 gene-ablated mice. |
Volume: |
247 |
Issue: |
1-2 |
Pages: |
82-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yamamoto M |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
JCI Insight |
Title: |
Somatostatin receptor subtype 5 modifies hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress function. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
19 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zuklys S |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Normal thymic architecture and negative selection are associated with Aire expression, the gene defective in the autoimmune-polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). |
Volume: |
165 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1976-83 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Saade M |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
Spatial (Tbata) expression in mature medullary thymic epithelial cells. |
Volume: |
40 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
530-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Strowski MZ |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion via two receptors subtypes: an in vitro study of pancreatic islets from somatostatin receptor 2 knockout mice. |
Volume: |
141 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
111-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Withers DR |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
Cutting edge: lymphoid tissue inducer cells maintain memory CD4 T cells within secondary lymphoid tissue. |
Volume: |
189 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2094-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
127
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Patel YC |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Trends Endocrinol Metab |
Title: |
Somatostatin receptors. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
398-405 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kumar U |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Subtype-selective expression of the five somatostatin receptors (hSSTR1-5) in human pancreatic islet cells: a quantitative double-label immunohistochemical analysis. |
Volume: |
48 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
77-85 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ludvigsen E |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
J Histochem Cytochem |
Title: |
Expression and distribution of somatostatin receptor subtypes in the pancreatic islets of mice and rats. |
Volume: |
52 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
391-400 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schreff M |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
J Neurosci |
Title: |
Distribution, targeting, and internalization of the sst4 somatostatin receptor in rat brain. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
3785-97 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Florio T |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Somatostatin inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth via somatostatin receptor-3-mediated regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. |
Volume: |
144 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1574-84 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [, , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) []. Amongst the wide spectrum of somatostatin effects, several biological responses have been identified that display absolute or relative subtype selectivity. These include GH secretion (SSTR2 and 5), insulin secretion (SSTR5), glucagon secretion (SSTR2), and immune responses (SSTR2) [].This entry represents SSTR2. In humans has been found in high levels the brain, kidney and pituitary, with lower levels in the jejunum, pancreas, colon and liver. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells are coupled to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 []. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [, , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) []. Amongst the wide spectrum of somatostatin effects, several biological responses have been identified that display absolute or relative subtype selectivity. These include GH secretion (SSTR2 and 5), insulin secretion (SSTR5), glucagon secretion (SSTR2), and immune responses (SSTR2) [].This entry represents SSTR1 []. In humans, it is expressed at high levels in the jejunum and stomach, with lower levels in the pancreas, colon and kidney, but it is absent in the brain. Conversely, in rodent tissue, high levels are found in the brain, but are absent in peripheral tissues []. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells are coupled to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 []. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [, , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) []. Amongst the wide spectrum of somatostatin effects, several biological responses have been identified that display absolute or relative subtype selectivity. These include GH secretion (SSTR2 and 5), insulin secretion (SSTR5), glucagon secretion (SSTR2), and immune responses (SSTR2) [].This entry represents SST5R. It is expressed in range of tissues including the small intestine, heart, adrenal, cerebellum, pituitary, placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also expressed in pancreatic islets [], where somatostatin is a known regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells have been shown to couple to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 []. |
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•
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [, , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) []. Amongst the wide spectrum of somatostatin effects, several biological responses have been identified that display absolute or relative subtype selectivity. These include GH secretion (SSTR2and 5), insulin secretion (SSTR5), glucagon secretion (SSTR2), and immune responses (SSTR2) [].This entry represents SSTR4. It is present in high levels in the pituitary, but is less abundant in the brain and peripheral tissues [, , ]. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells are coupled to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [, , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) []. Amongst the wide spectrum of somatostatin effects, several biological responses have been identified that display absolute or relative subtype selectivity. These include GH secretion (SSTR2 and 5), insulin secretion (SSTR5), glucagon secretion (SSTR2), and immune responses (SSTR2) [].This entry represents SSTR3. It is widely distributed in mouse brain, with high levels in the forebrain, hippocampus and amygdala; moderate levels are also present in the substantia nigra. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells are coupled to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 []. Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to be via the SSTR3, and involves the inhibition of MAPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity []. |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yasuda K |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Cloning of a novel somatostatin receptor, SSTR3, coupled to adenylylcyclase. |
Volume: |
267 |
Issue: |
28 |
Pages: |
20422-8 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yamada Y |
Year: |
1992 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. |
Volume: |
89 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
251-5 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Patel YC |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Front Neuroendocrinol |
Title: |
Somatostatin and its receptor family. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
157-98 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Bruno JF |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Tissue distribution of somatostatin receptor subtype messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat. |
Volume: |
133 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2561-7 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
O'Carroll AM |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Mol Pharmacol |
Title: |
Characterization of cloned human somatostatin receptor SSTR5. |
Volume: |
46 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
291-8 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Buscail L |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Stimulation of tyrosine phosphatase and inhibition of cell proliferation by somatostatin analogues: mediation by human somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR1 and SSTR2. |
Volume: |
91 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
2315-9 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Rohrer L |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Cloning and characterization of a fourth human somatostatin receptor. |
Volume: |
90 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
4196-200 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gugger M |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Gut |
Title: |
Cellular detection of sst2A receptors in human gastrointestinal tissue. |
Volume: |
53 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1431-6 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Siehler S |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol |
Title: |
Characterisation of human recombinant somatostatin receptors. 3. Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity. |
Volume: |
360 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
510-21 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Law SF |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Cell Signal |
Title: |
Somatostatin receptor activation of cellular effector systems. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
1-8 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kreienkamp HJ |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
FEBS Lett |
Title: |
Coupling of rat somatostatin receptor subtypes to a G-protein gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK1). |
Volume: |
419 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
92-4 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Akbar M |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
FEBS Lett |
Title: |
Phospholipase C activation and Ca2+ mobilization by cloned human somatostatin receptor subtypes 1-5, in transfected COS-7 cells. |
Volume: |
348 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
192-6 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ripen AM |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Eur J Immunol |
Title: |
Ontogeny of thymic cortical epithelial cells expressing the thymoproteasome subunit β5t. |
Volume: |
41 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1278-87 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yu P |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
B cells control the migration of a subset of dendritic cells into B cell follicles via CXC chemokine ligand 13 in a lymphotoxin-dependent fashion. |
Volume: |
168 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
5117-23 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Møller LN |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
Title: |
Somatostatin receptors. |
Volume: |
1616 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
1-84 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hoyer D |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Trends Pharmacol Sci |
Title: |
Classification and nomenclature of somatostatin receptors. |
Volume: |
16 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
86-8 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Bénézech C |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Nat Immunol |
Title: |
Inflammation-induced formation of fat-associated lymphoid clusters. |
Volume: |
16 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
819-828 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Nakagawa Y |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Thymic nurse cells provide microenvironment for secondary T cell receptor α rearrangement in cortical thymocytes. |
Volume: |
109 |
Issue: |
50 |
Pages: |
20572-7 |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
362
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
385
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
428
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
369
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
391
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
385
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
391
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
121
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
385
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
191
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
206
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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