Type |
Details |
Score |
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus pahari |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
Mus spretus |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lynch HT |
Year: |
1984 |
Journal: |
Arch Dermatol |
Title: |
Xeroderma pigmentosum. Complementation group C and malignant melanoma. |
Volume: |
120 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
175-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:7264665 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2022-04-27 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1603912 |
|
Stage: |
TS12 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:7264685 |
Age: |
embryonic day 8.25 |
|
|
Specimen Label: |
WT |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:7264665 |
Assay Type: |
RT-PCR |
Annotation Date: |
2022-04-27 |
Strength: |
Present |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1603912 |
|
Stage: |
TS12 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:7264685 |
Age: |
embryonic day 8.25 |
|
|
Specimen Label: |
Jmjd5 delta/delta |
Detected: |
true |
Specimen Num: |
2 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Jaarsma D |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
PLoS Genet |
Title: |
Age-related neuronal degeneration: complementary roles of nucleotide excision repair and transcription-coupled repair in preventing neuropathology. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
e1002405 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Herrmann A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
GenBank Submission |
Title: |
Mus musculus tyrosine-ester sulfotransferase mRNA, complete cds |
|
|
Pages: |
U32371 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zattra E |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Am J Pathol |
Title: |
Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases UV-induced Cox-2 expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases mutagenesis in hairless mice. |
Volume: |
175 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1952-61 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
de Boer J |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Biochimie |
Title: |
Cancer from the outside, aging from the inside: mouse models to study the consequences of defective nucleotide excision repair. |
Volume: |
81 |
Issue: |
1-2 |
Pages: |
127-37 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawasumi M |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Protection from UV-induced skin carcinogenesis by genetic inhibition of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase. |
Volume: |
108 |
Issue: |
33 |
Pages: |
13716-21 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ishimura A |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Cell Tissue Res |
Title: |
Jmjd5 functions as a regulator of p53 signaling during mouse embryogenesis. |
Volume: |
363 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
723-33 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tian C |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Dev Biol |
Title: |
TBX1 is required for normal stria vascularis and semicircular canal development. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nedomova M |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
iScience |
Title: |
DDI2 protease controls embryonic development and inflammation via TCF11/NRF1. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
110893 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Velocigene |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by Velocigene (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hansen GM |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Genome Res |
Title: |
Large-scale gene trapping in C57BL/6N mouse embryonic stem cells. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
1670-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen GmbH (Hmgu) |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Carninci P |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Science |
Title: |
The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. |
Volume: |
309 |
Issue: |
5740 |
Pages: |
1559-63 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawai J |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection. |
Volume: |
409 |
Issue: |
6821 |
Pages: |
685-90 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
Year: |
2020 |
|
Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators |
Year: |
2011 |
|
Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GOA curators |
Year: |
2016 |
|
Title: |
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
Volume: |
420 |
Issue: |
6915 |
Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GO Term |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
targeted mutation, mutant stock |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
van Cuijk L |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
SUMO and ubiquitin-dependent XPC exchange drives nucleotide excision repair. |
Volume: |
6 |
|
Pages: |
7499 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
DO Term |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Inga A |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
A novel p53 mutational hotspot in skin tumors from UV-irradiated Xpc mutant mice alters transactivation functions. |
Volume: |
21 |
Issue: |
37 |
Pages: |
5704-15 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wijnhoven SW |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
Age-dependent spontaneous mutagenesis in Xpc mice defective in nucleotide excision repair. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
43 |
Pages: |
5034-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sears CR |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Cancers (Basel) |
Title: |
XPC Protects against Carcinogen-Induced Histologic Progression to Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Reduced Basal Epithelial Cell Proliferation. |
Volume: |
16 |
Issue: |
8 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C; targeted mutation 1, Allan Bradley |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Friedberg EC |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Prog Exp Tumor Res |
Title: |
Cancer predisposition in mutant mice defective in the XPC DNA repair gene. |
Volume: |
35 |
|
Pages: |
37-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Interaction Experiment |
Description: |
Recognition of DNA damage by XPC coincides with disruption of the XPC-RAD23 complex. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C; endonuclease-mediated mutation 1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center |
Allele Type: |
Endonuclease-mediated |
Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
coisogenic, mutant strain, endonuclease-mediated mutation |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Thompson JR |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
The structure of the human centrin 2-xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein complex. |
Volume: |
281 |
Issue: |
27 |
Pages: |
18746-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tourbez M |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Calcium-dependent self-assembly of human centrin 2. |
Volume: |
279 |
Issue: |
46 |
Pages: |
47672-80 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Araki M |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Centrosome protein centrin 2/caltractin 1 is part of the xeroderma pigmentosum group C complex that initiates global genome nucleotide excision repair. |
Volume: |
276 |
Issue: |
22 |
Pages: |
18665-72 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
This entry includes caltractin (a calcium-binding protein found in the basal body complexes of algae such as Chlamydomonas) and centrin-2. Centrin-2 (CETN2, also known as caltractin isoform 1) is important for microtubule organization, centriole duplication and correct spindle formation. It is a calcium-binding protein with EF-hand binding sites []. It is a component of the XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum group C) and TREX-2 ((transcription and export complex 2)) complexes. The XPC complex recognizes damaged DNA which is required for global genome nucleotide excision repair []. Once XPC has interacted with unpaired bases on the undamaged DNA strand, the TFIH complex is recruited to find lesions on the opposite strand. The XPC complex is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2 []. The TREX-2 complex helps dock export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex []. The TREX-2 complex consists of at least ENY2, GANP, PCID2, SEM1, and either centrin CETN2 or CETN3 []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
All proteins in this family for which functions are known are components of a multiprotein complex used for targeting nucleotide excision repair to specific parts of the genome. Rad23 contains a ubiquitin-like domain that interacts with catalytically active proteasomes and two ubiquitin(Ub)-associated (UBA) sequences that bind Ub. Rad23 interacts with ubiquitinated cellular proteins through thesynergistic action of its UBA domains. Inhumans, Rad23 complexes with the XPC protein. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C; targeted mutation 1, Errol C Friedberg |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Null/knockout |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
mutant stock, spontaneous mutation |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129 |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Xpc/Xpc<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129 * SKH1 |
Zygosity: |
ht |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129 * SKH1 |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129 * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Mc1r/Mc1r Xpc/Xpc Tg(KRT14-Kitl)1Takk/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * SJL |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Msh2/Msh2 Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * SKH1 |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Ercc3/Ercc3 Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd * FVB/N) |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Ercc6/Ercc6 Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S7/SvEvBrd |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
111
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein has a central role in initiating global-genome NER (nucleotide excision repair) by recognising the lesion and recruiting downstream factors. This entry includes the yeast XPC orthologue Rad4 bound to DNA containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesion. Rad4 inserts a β-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing the two damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. The expelled nucleotides of the undamaged strand are recognised by Rad4, whereas the two CPD-linked nucleotides become disordered. These findings indicate that the lesions recognised by Rad4/XPC thermodynamically destabilise the Watson-Crick double helix in a manner that facilitates the flipping-out of two base pairs [].This superfamily represents the β-hairpin domain BHD3 of the Rad4 protein, which is involved in DNA binding []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Min JH |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein. |
Volume: |
449 |
Issue: |
7162 |
Pages: |
570-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Liu L |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
CUL4A abrogation augments DNA damage response and protection against skin carcinogenesis. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
451-60 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhu B |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
The protective role of DOT1L in UV-induced melanomagenesis. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
259 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ming M |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Regulation of global genome nucleotide excision repair by SIRT1 through xeroderma pigmentosum C. |
Volume: |
107 |
Issue: |
52 |
Pages: |
22623-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Ercc8/Ercc8 Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Ercc8/Ercc8 Xpc/Xpc<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Apex1/Apex1<+> Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129 |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Gadd45a/Gadd45a Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
either: (involves: 129/Sv * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6) or (involves: 129/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6) |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Ercc6/Ercc6 Xpc/Xpc |
Background: |
involves: 129 * 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway can cause the xeroderma pigmentosum skin cancer predisposition syndrome. NER lesions are limited to one DNA strand, but otherwise they are chemically and structurally diverse, being caused by a wide variety of genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet radiation. The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein has a central role in initiating global-genome NER by recognising the lesion and recruiting downstream factors. In NER in eukaryotes, DNA is incised on both sides of the lesion, resulting in the removal of a fragment ~25-30 nucleotides long. This is followed by repair synthesis and ligation. This reaction, in yeast, requires the damage binding factors Rad14, RPA, and the Rad4-Rad23 complex, the transcription factor TFIIH which contains the two DNA helicases Rad3 and Rad25, essential for creating a bubble structure, and the two endonucleases, the Rad1-Rad10 complex and Rad2, which incise the damaged DNA strand on the 5'- and 3'-side of the lesion, respectively [].The crystal structure of the yeast XPC orthologue Rad4 bound to DNA containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion has been determined. The structure shows that Rad4 inserts a β-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing the two damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. The expelled nucleotides of the undamaged strand are recognised by Rad4, whereas the two cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer-linked nucleotides become disordered. This indicates that the lesions recognised by Rad4/XPC thermodynamically destabilise the double helix in a manner that facilitates the flipping-out of two base pairs []. Homologues of all the above mentioned yeast genes, except for RAD7, RAD16, and MMS19, have been identified in humans, and mutations in these human genesaffect NER in a similar fashion as they do in yeast, with the exception of XPC, the human counterpart of yeast RAD4. Deletion of RAD4 causes the same high levelof UV sensitivity as do mutations in the other class 1 genes, and rad4 mutants are completely defective in incision. By contrast, XPC is required forthe repair of nontranscribed regions of the genome but not for the repair of the transcribed DNA strand. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway can cause the xeroderma pigmentosum skin cancer predisposition syndrome. NER lesions are limited to one DNA strand, but otherwise they are chemically and structurally diverse, being caused by a wide variety of genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet radiation. The xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) protein has a central role in initiating global-genome NER by recognising the lesion and recruiting downstream factors. In NER in eukaryotes, DNA is incised on both sides of the lesion, resulting in the removal of a fragment ~25-30 nucleotides long. This is followed by repair synthesis and ligation. This reaction, in yeast, requires the damage binding factors Rad14, RPA, and the Rad4-Rad23 complex, the transcription factor TFIIH which contains the two DNA helicases Rad3 and Rad25, essential for creating a bubble structure, and the two endonucleases, the Rad1-Rad10 complex and Rad2, which incise the damaged DNA strand on the 5'- and 3'-side of the lesion, respectively [].The crystal structure of the yeast XPC orthologue Rad4 bound to DNA containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion has been determined. The structure shows that Rad4 inserts a β-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing the two damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. The expelled nucleotides of the undamaged strand are recognised by Rad4, whereas the two cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer-linked nucleotides become disordered. This indicates that the lesions recognised by Rad4/XPC thermodynamically destabilise the double helix in a manner that facilitates the flipping-out of two base pairs []. Homologues of all the above mentioned yeast genes, except for RAD7, RAD16, and MMS19, have been identified in humans, and mutations in these human genesaffect NER in a similar fashion as they do in yeast, with the exception of XPC, the human counterpart of yeast RAD4. Deletion of RAD4 causes the same high levelof UV sensitivity as do mutations in the other class 1 genes, and rad4 mutants are completely defective in incision. By contrast, XPC is required forthe repair of nontranscribed regions of the genome but not for the repair of the transcribed DNA strand. |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
172
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Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
147
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
163
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Fragment?: |
false |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Prakash S |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Mutat Res |
Title: |
Nucleotide excision repair in yeast. |
Volume: |
451 |
Issue: |
1-2 |
Pages: |
13-24 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Jani D |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
Functional and structural characterization of the mammalian TREX-2 complex that links transcription with nuclear messenger RNA export. |
Volume: |
40 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
4562-73 |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
930
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
930
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ng JM |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
Title: |
Developmental defects and male sterility in mice lacking the ubiquitin-like DNA repair gene mHR23B. |
Volume: |
22 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1233-45 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ming M |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Cancer Res |
Title: |
PTEN positively regulates UVB-induced DNA damage repair. |
Volume: |
71 |
Issue: |
15 |
Pages: |
5287-95 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hsia KT |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
DNA repair gene Ercc1 is essential for normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis and for functional integrity of germ cell DNA in the mouse. |
Volume: |
130 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
369-78 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ming M |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
Dual role of SIRT1 in UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
357-63 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Zhang Y |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Front Cell Dev Biol |
Title: |
USP44 Stabilizes DDB2 to Facilitate Nucleotide Excision Repair and Prevent Tumors. |
Volume: |
9 |
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Pages: |
663411 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Pines A |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
DNA Repair (Amst) |
Title: |
Differential activity of UV-DDB in mouse keratinocytes and fibroblasts: impact on DNA repair and UV-induced skin cancer. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
153-61 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Melis JP |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Mutat Res |
Title: |
The role of XPC: implications in cancer and oxidative DNA damage. |
Volume: |
728 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
107-17 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Robu M |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the removal of UV-induced DNA lesions by nucleotide excision repair. |
Volume: |
110 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1658-63 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kaushik Tiwari M |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
Triplex structures induce DNA double strand breaks via replication fork collapse in NER deficient cells. |
Volume: |
44 |
Issue: |
16 |
Pages: |
7742-54 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wu CL |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
Role of AMPK in UVB-induced DNA damage repair and growth control. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
21 |
Pages: |
2682-9 |
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