Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
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•
•
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•
|
UniProt Feature |
Begin: |
53 |
Description: |
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF3 |
Type: |
chain |
End: |
913 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
HT Experiment |
|
Experiment Type: |
RNA-Seq |
Study Type: |
WT vs. Mutant |
Source: |
GEO |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Interaction Experiment |
Description: |
Structures of Wnt-antagonist ZNRF3 and its complex with R-spondin 1 and implications for signaling. |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
gene trap ROSA 26, Philippe Soriano; targeted mutation 10, Novartis Pharma AG |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Inducible, Inserted expressed sequence |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry represents the RING-type zinc finger domain of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF3 (Zinc/RING finger protein 3), a transmembrane enzyme () homologue of Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43). It is predominantly found in vertebrates.In humans, ZNRF3 acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components Frizzled and LRP6 [, , ]. ZNRF3 also functions as a tumour suppressor in the intestinal stem cell zone by restricting the size of the intestinal stem cell zone []. In frogs (Xenopus), ZNRF3 and RNF43 were seen to play a key role in limb specification, constituting a master switch along with RSPO2, which may have implications for regenerative medicine []. Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. Some of these domains bind zinc, but many do not; instead binding other metals such as iron, or no metal at all. For example, some family members form salt bridges to stabilise the finger-like folds. They were first identified as a DNA-binding motif in transcription factor TFIIIA from Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), however they are now recognised to bind DNA, RNA, protein and/or lipid substrates [, , , , ]. Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. Znf domains are often found in clusters, where fingers can have different binding specificities. There are many superfamilies of Znf motifs, varying in both sequence and structure. They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. For example, Znf-containing proteins function in gene transcription, translation, mRNA trafficking, cytoskeleton organisation, epithelial development, cell adhesion, protein folding, chromatin remodelling and zinc sensing, to name but a few []. Zinc-binding motifs are stable structures, and they rarely undergo conformational changes upon binding their target. |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Sugiura T |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Exp Cell Res |
Title: |
A cancer-associated RING finger protein, RNF43, is a ubiquitin ligase that interacts with a nuclear protein, HAP95. |
Volume: |
314 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1519-28 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Belenguer G |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
RNF43/ZNRF3 loss predisposes to hepatocellular-carcinoma by impairing liver regeneration and altering the liver lipid metabolic ground-state. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
334 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Park S |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-spondins in potentiating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. |
Volume: |
293 |
Issue: |
25 |
Pages: |
9759-9769 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kay RGG |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Gonadal sex reversal at single-cell resolution in Znrf3-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
151 |
Issue: |
23 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Batisse-Lignier M |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
P53/Rb inhibition induces metastatic adrenocortical carcinomas in a preclinical transgenic model. |
Volume: |
36 |
Issue: |
31 |
Pages: |
4445-4456 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gyllborg D |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Stem Cell Reports |
Title: |
The Matricellular Protein R-Spondin 2 Promotes Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurogenesis and Differentiation. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
651-664 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zebisch M |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
J Struct Biol |
Title: |
Crystal structure of R-spondin 2 in complex with the ectodomains of its receptors LGR5 and ZNRF3. |
Volume: |
191 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
149-55 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ayadi L |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Bioinformation |
Title: |
Molecular modelling of the TSR domain of R-spondin 4. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
119-23 |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Blaydon DC |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
Nat Genet |
Title: |
The gene encoding R-spondin 4 (RSPO4), a secreted protein implicated in Wnt signaling, is mutated in inherited anonychia. |
Volume: |
38 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
1245-7 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shinada K |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Title: |
RNF43 interacts with NEDL1 and regulates p53-mediated transcription. |
Volume: |
404 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
143-7 |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ryland GL |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
J Pathol |
Title: |
RNF43 is a tumour suppressor gene mutated in mucinous tumours of the ovary. |
Volume: |
229 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
469-76 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Serra S |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Clin Pathol |
Title: |
Rnf43. |
Volume: |
71 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
1-6 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Giannakis M |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Nat Genet |
Title: |
RNF43 is frequently mutated in colorectal and endometrial cancers. |
Volume: |
46 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1264-6 |
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•
•
•
•
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The R-spondin (RSPO) family is a small group of four secreted proteins (RSPO1-RSPO4) that have pleiotropic functions in development and stem cell growth by strongly enhancing Wnt pathway activation. They contain an N-terminal secretory signal peptide sequence, two tandem furin-like cysteine-rich (Fu-CRD) domains, a thrombospondin type I repeat (TSP) domain, and a C-terminal basic amino acid-rich (BR) domain. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), LGR5, and LGR6 have been identified as receptors for RSPOs [].RSPO2 is a secreted protein that belongs to the R-spondin (RSPO) family. Interestingly, it is one of the two members (RSPO2 and RSPO3) of the family capable of potentiating WNT signaling in cells lacking all three LGRs (Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4/5/6) []. It plays a crucial role in limb specification, amplifying the Wnt signaling pathway independently of LGR4-6 receptors, possibly by acting as a direct antagonistic ligand to RNF43 and ZNRF3, hence governing the number of limbs an embryo should form []. It has been shown to promote midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis and differentiation in human stem cells []. Its structures in complex with the ectodomains of its receptors LGR5 and ZNRF3 have been revealed []. RSPO4 is a secreted protein that belongs to the R-spondin (RSPO) family. It has been associated with embryonic nail development [, ]. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry represents the RING-type zinc finger domain of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43. Proteins containing this domain are found in vertebrates. RNF43 acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components Frizzled and LRP6 [, , ]. RNF43 also interacts with NEDD-4-like ubiquitin-protein ligase-1 (NEDL1) and regulates p53-mediated transcription []. It may also be involved in cell growth control potentially through the interaction with, a chromatin-associated protein interfacing the nuclear envelope []. Mutations of RNF43 have been identified in various tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer, mucinous ovarian tumours, gastric adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma [, , ]. RNF43 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a long C-terminal region [].In frogs (Xenopus), ZNRF3 and RNF43 were seen to play a key role in limb specification, constituting a master switch along with RSPO2, which may have implications for regenerative medicine []. |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Yan KS |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Non-equivalence of Wnt and R-spondin ligands during Lgr5+ intestinal stem-cell self-renewal. |
Volume: |
545 |
Issue: |
7653 |
Pages: |
238-242 |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lebensohn AM |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
R-spondins can potentiate WNT signaling without LGRs. |
Volume: |
7 |
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|
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wang D |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
Structural basis for R-spondin recognition by LGR4/5/6 receptors. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
1339-44 |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
784
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
228
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
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•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
657
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
743
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
221
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
228
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
243
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Matthews JM |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
IUBMB Life |
Title: |
Zinc fingers--folds for many occasions. |
Volume: |
54 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
351-5 |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gamsjaeger R |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Trends Biochem Sci |
Title: |
Sticky fingers: zinc-fingers as protein-recognition motifs. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
63-70 |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Hall TM |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Curr Opin Struct Biol |
Title: |
Multiple modes of RNA recognition by zinc finger proteins. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
367-73 |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Brown RS |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Curr Opin Struct Biol |
Title: |
Zinc finger proteins: getting a grip on RNA. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
94-8 |
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•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Klug A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
J Mol Biol |
Title: |
Zinc finger peptides for the regulation of gene expression. |
Volume: |
293 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
215-8 |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Laity JH |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Curr Opin Struct Biol |
Title: |
Zinc finger proteins: new insights into structural and functional diversity. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
39-46 |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gerhard DS |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Genome Res |
Title: |
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
10B |
Pages: |
2121-7 |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Church DM |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e1000112 |
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•
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