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Aversive behavior induced by optogenetic inactivation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is mediated by dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens. |
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Cloning of the cDNA encoding human C/EBP gamma, a protein binding to the PRE-I enhancer element of the human interleukin-4 promoter. |
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Swaroop A |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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A conserved retina-specific gene encodes a basic motif/leucine zipper domain. |
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Mol Carcinog |
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Nat Neurosci |
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Mol Cell Endocrinol |
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J Neuroimmunol |
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Activation of microglia and macrophages in the circumventricular organs of the mouse brain during TLR2-induced fever and sickness responses. |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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Hypnotic effect of thalidomide is independent of teratogenic ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. |
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Nat Struct Mol Biol |
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BRD4 is a histone acetyltransferase that evicts nucleosomes from chromatin. |
| Volume: |
23 |
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6 |
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540-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
54
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
42
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
180
 |
| Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Dang CV |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Cell |
| Title: |
MYC on the path to cancer. |
| Volume: |
149 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
22-35 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Zhang K |
| Year: |
1990 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
Drosophila homolog of the mammalian jun oncogene is expressed during embryonic development and activates transcription in mammalian cells. |
| Volume: |
87 |
| Issue: |
16 |
| Pages: |
6281-5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Perkins KK |
| Year: |
1990 |
| Journal: |
Genes Dev |
| Title: |
The Drosophila Fos-related AP-1 protein is a developmentally regulated transcription factor. |
| Volume: |
4 |
| Issue: |
5 |
| Pages: |
822-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kockel L |
| Year: |
1997 |
| Journal: |
Genes Dev |
| Title: |
Jun in Drosophila development: redundant and nonredundant functions and regulation by two MAPK signal transduction pathways. |
| Volume: |
11 |
| Issue: |
13 |
| Pages: |
1748-58 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
Transcription factor c-Jun (also known as transcription factor AP-1) is a member of the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 family, comprising Jun (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD), Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), ATF (ATFa, ATF-2 and ATF-3) and JDP (JDP-1 and JDP-2) family members []. They are basic leucine zipper transcription factors that play a central role in regulating gene transcription in various biological processes []. c-Jun was originally identified as the normal cellular counterpart of the viral Jun oncoprotein (v-Jun) encoded by an avian sarcoma virus (ASV17). The 39kDa c-Jun protein consists of a C-terminal basic region-leucine zipper (B-ZIP) DNA-binding domain and a N-terminal transcriptional activation domain.AP-1 proteins have a α-helical bZIP domain, which contains a basic DNA-binding region and regularly spaced leucine residues known as the leucine zipper motif []. They have similar protein structure and can either form homodimers or form heterodimers with other AP-1 proteins (predominantly with Jun proteins), which can then bind to TRE-like sequences (consensus sequence 5'-TGAG/CTCA-3') []. Each of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and can be regulated in different ways, which means that every cell type has a complex mixture of AP-1 dimers with subtly different functions []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
Transcription factor JunD is a member of the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 family, comprising Jun (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD), Fos (c-Fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), ATF (ATFa, ATF-2 and ATF-3) and JDP (JDP-1 and JDP-2) family members []. They are basic leucine zipper transcription factors that play a central role in regulating gene transcription in various biological processes []. This entry also includes transcription factor AP-1 (Jra) from Drosophila, which recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3' and has a role in dorsal closure [, , ].AP-1 proteins have a α-helical bZIP domain, which contains a basic DNA-binding region and regularly spaced leucine residues known as the leucine zipper motif []. They have similar protein structure and can either form homodimers or form heterodimers with other AP-1 proteins (predominantly with Jun proteins), which can then bind to TRE-like sequences (consensus sequence 5'-TGAG/CTCA-3') []. Each of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and can be regulated in different ways, which means that every cell type has a complex mixture of AP-1 dimers with subtly different functions []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
The class III basic helix-turn-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have proliferative and apoptotic roles and are characterised by the presence of a leucine zipper adjacent to the bHLH domain. The myc oncogene was first discovered in small-cell lung cancer cell lines where it is found to be deregulated []. The Myc protein contains an N-terminal transcriptional regulatory domain followed by a nuclear localization signal and a C-terminal basic DNA binding domain tethered to a helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (HLH-Zip) dimerization motif. Myc forms a heterodimer with Max, and this complex regulates cell growth through direct activation of genes involved in cell replication [, , ].The `leucine zipper' is a structure that is believed to mediate the function of several eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins. The zipper consists of a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position, and regions containing them appear to span eight turns of α-helix. The leucine side chains that extend from one helix interact with those from a similar helix, hence facilitating dimerisation in the form of a coiled-coil. Leucine zippers are present in many gene regulatory proteins, including the CREB proteins, Jun/AP1 transcription factors, fos oncogene and fos-related proteins, C-myc, L-myc and N-myc oncogenes, and so on. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
170
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Foulkes NS |
| Year: |
1991 |
| Journal: |
Cell |
| Title: |
CREM gene: use of alternative DNA-binding domains generates multiple antagonists of cAMP-induced transcription. |
| Volume: |
64 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
739-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Protein |
| Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
| Length: |
170
 |
| Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Quinn PG |
| Year: |
1990 |
| Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
| Title: |
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene but not binding of nuclear factors to the cyclic AMP regulatory element. |
| Volume: |
10 |
| Issue: |
7 |
| Pages: |
3357-64 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kaye F |
| Year: |
1988 |
| Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
| Title: |
Structure and expression of the human L-myc gene reveal a complex pattern of alternative mRNA processing. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
186-95 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Grandori C |
| Year: |
1997 |
| Journal: |
Trends Biochem Sci |
| Title: |
Myc target genes. |
| Volume: |
22 |
| Issue: |
5 |
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177-81 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Stewart MA |
| Year: |
1986 |
| Journal: |
Virology |
| Title: |
Conservation of the c-myc coding sequence in transduced feline v-myc genes. |
| Volume: |
154 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
121-34 |
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| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
Transcription initiation is dictated by the presence and activity of specific nuclear factors that bind to DNA regulatory sequences and interact with the transcriptional machinery. The functions of some of these factors can be altered by phosphorylation, which affects both DNA binding and transcriptional activation []. Phosphorylation is effected by specific protein kinases that have been activated by the stimulus of signal transduction pathways, resulting in the regulation of gene transcription by modulating the phosphorylation sites of transcription factors.Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates the expression of many genes via a conserved gene promoter element CRE (cAMP response element) [], which has the sequence 5'-TGACGTCA-3' []. The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear factor that is regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation. Transcription is stimulated on binding to the CRE of a phosphorylated CREB dimer, which is held together by leucine zippers. Dimerisation and transcriptional efficacy have been found to be stimulated by phosphorylation at several distinct sites, and it has thus been suggested []that CREB may be regulated by multiple kinases. Sequence analysis of the gene has revealed a cluster of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and casein kinase II consensus recognition sites near the N terminus of the protein sequence, and the proximity of these sites to one another indicates the possibility of interaction in a positive or negative fashion to regulate CREB bioactivity.The 'leucine zipper' is a structure that is believed to mediate the function of several eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins. The zipper consists of a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position, and regions containing them appear to span 8 turns of α-helix. The leucine side chains that extend from one helix interact with those from a similar helix, hence facilitating dimerisation in the form of a coiled-coil. Leucine zippers are present in many gene regulatory proteins, including the CREB proteins, Jun/AP1 transcription factors, fos oncogene and fos-related proteins, C-myc, L-myc and N-myc oncogenes, and so on. |
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| First Author: |
Kim BM |
| Year: |
2007 |
| Journal: |
Development |
| Title: |
Independent functions and mechanisms for homeobox gene Barx1 in patterning mouse stomach and spleen. |
| Volume: |
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| Issue: |
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Hadjantonakis AK |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
PLoS One |
| Title: |
Tbx6 regulates left/right patterning in mouse embryos through effects on nodal cilia and perinodal signaling. |
| Volume: |
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| Issue: |
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e2511 |
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2014 |
| Journal: |
Development |
| Title: |
Involvement of Wnt, Eda and Shh at defined stages of sweat gland development. |
| Volume: |
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Voutilainen M |
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2012 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
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Danopoulos S |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol |
| Title: |
Rac1 modulates mammalian lung branching morphogenesis in part through canonical Wnt signaling. |
| Volume: |
311 |
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Kurosaka H |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
| Title: |
Disrupting hedgehog and WNT signaling interactions promotes cleft lip pathogenesis. |
| Volume: |
124 |
| Issue: |
4 |
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1660-71 |
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Bradford EM |
| Year: |
2017 |
| Journal: |
J Immunol |
| Title: |
Epithelial TNF Receptor Signaling Promotes Mucosal Repair in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. |
| Volume: |
199 |
| Issue: |
5 |
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1886-1897 |
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| First Author: |
van Amerongen R |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Dev Biol |
| Title: |
Wnt5a can both activate and repress Wnt/β-catenin signaling during mouse embryonic development. |
| Volume: |
369 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
101-14 |
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| First Author: |
Gao B |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Dev Cell |
| Title: |
Wnt signaling gradients establish planar cell polarity by inducing Vangl2 phosphorylation through Ror2. |
| Volume: |
20 |
| Issue: |
2 |
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163-76 |
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Hathaway CK |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Title: |
High Elmo1 expression aggravates and low Elmo1 expression prevents diabetic nephropathy. |
| Volume: |
113 |
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8 |
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2218-22 |
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| First Author: |
Kakoki M |
| Year: |
2021 |
| Journal: |
Commun Biol |
| Title: |
Cyanocobalamin prevents cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes by modulating oxidative stress and DNMT-SOCS1/3-IGF-1 signaling. |
| Volume: |
4 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
775 |
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Nouri P |
| Year: |
2020 |
| Journal: |
Front Cell Dev Biol |
| Title: |
Dose-Dependent and Subset-Specific Regulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation by LEF1-Mediated WNT1/b-Catenin Signaling. |
| Volume: |
8 |
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| Pages: |
587778 |
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Rhee H |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
Lhx2 maintains stem cell character in hair follicles. |
| Volume: |
312 |
| Issue: |
5782 |
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1946-9 |
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| First Author: |
Takeo M |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Wnt activation in nail epithelium couples nail growth to digit regeneration. |
| Volume: |
499 |
| Issue: |
7457 |
| Pages: |
228-32 |
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| First Author: |
Liu F |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Dev Biol |
| Title: |
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling directs multiple stages of tooth morphogenesis. |
| Volume: |
313 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
210-24 |
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| First Author: |
Zhao Y |
| Year: |
2018 |
| Journal: |
Front Mol Neurosci |
| Title: |
Anxiety Specific Response and Contribution of Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells to Chronic Pain Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mice. |
| Volume: |
11 |
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| Pages: |
296 |
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| First Author: |
Yang J |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Glia |
| Title: |
Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the seizure-facilitating effect of postischemic reactive astrocytes after pentylenetetrazole-kindling. |
| Volume: |
64 |
| Issue: |
6 |
| Pages: |
1083-91 |
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| First Author: |
Liu F |
| Year: |
2007 |
| Journal: |
Nat Genet |
| Title: |
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development. |
| Volume: |
39 |
| Issue: |
1 |
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106-12 |
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| First Author: |
Miller LA |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
BMC Dev Biol |
| Title: |
Optic cup and facial patterning defects in ocular ectoderm beta-catenin gain-of-function mice. |
| Volume: |
6 |
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| Pages: |
14 |
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| First Author: |
Reynolds SD |
| Year: |
2008 |
| Journal: |
Stem Cells |
| Title: |
Conditional stabilization of beta-catenin expands the pool of lung stem cells. |
| Volume: |
26 |
| Issue: |
5 |
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1337-46 |
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| First Author: |
Ng RC |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
Cell Death Differ |
| Title: |
Dysregulation of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) expression resulted in aberrant Wnt-β-catenin signaling and cell death of the cloaca endoderm, and anorectal malformations. |
| Volume: |
21 |
| Issue: |
6 |
| Pages: |
978-89 |
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| First Author: |
Brechbuhl HM |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Am J Pathol |
| Title: |
β-catenin dosage is a critical determinant of tracheal basal cell fate determination. |
| Volume: |
179 |
| Issue: |
1 |
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367-79 |
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| First Author: |
Glass DA 2nd |
| Year: |
2005 |
| Journal: |
Dev Cell |
| Title: |
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
5 |
| Pages: |
751-64 |
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| First Author: |
Holguin N |
| Year: |
2018 |
| Journal: |
Sci Rep |
| Title: |
In-Vivo Nucleus Pulposus-Specific Regulation of Adult Murine Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
1 |
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11191 |
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| First Author: |
Okubo T |
| Year: |
2004 |
| Journal: |
J Biol |
| Title: |
Hyperactive Wnt signaling changes the developmental potential of embryonic lung endoderm. |
| Volume: |
3 |
| Issue: |
3 |
| Pages: |
11 |
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| First Author: |
Aisagbonhi O |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Dis Model Mech |
| Title: |
Experimental myocardial infarction triggers canonical Wnt signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. |
| Volume: |
4 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
469-83 |
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| First Author: |
Brown AS |
| Year: |
2015 |
| Journal: |
Dev Biol |
| Title: |
The cochlear sensory epithelium derives from Wnt responsive cells in the dorsomedial otic cup. |
| Volume: |
399 |
| Issue: |
1 |
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177-87 |
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Ustiyan V |
| Year: |
2009 |
| Journal: |
Dev Biol |
| Title: |
Forkhead box M1 transcriptional factor is required for smooth muscle cells during embryonic development of blood vessels and esophagus. |
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336 |
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2 |
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266-79 |
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Li J |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Development |
| Title: |
SMAD4-mediated WNT signaling controls the fate of cranial neural crest cells during tooth morphogenesis. |
| Volume: |
138 |
| Issue: |
10 |
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| First Author: |
Kamiya N |
| Year: |
2010 |
| Journal: |
J Bone Miner Res |
| Title: |
Wnt inhibitors Dkk1 and Sost are downstream targets of BMP signaling through the type IA receptor (BMPRIA) in osteoblasts. |
| Volume: |
25 |
| Issue: |
2 |
| Pages: |
200-10 |
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Zhu XJ |
| Year: |
2016 |
| Journal: |
Dev Dyn |
| Title: |
Ectodermal Wnt controls nasal pit morphogenesis through modulation of the BMP/FGF/JNK signaling axis. |
| Volume: |
245 |
| Issue: |
3 |
| Pages: |
414-26 |
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Xiong Y |
| Year: |
2013 |
| Journal: |
Dev Cell |
| Title: |
Brg1 governs a positive feedback circuit in the hair follicle for tissue regeneration and repair. |
| Volume: |
25 |
| Issue: |
2 |
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169-81 |
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Hiremath M |
| Year: |
2012 |
| Journal: |
Development |
| Title: |
Parathyroid hormone-related protein activates Wnt signaling to specify the embryonic mammary mesenchyme. |
| Volume: |
139 |
| Issue: |
22 |
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4239-49 |
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Chinnakkaruppan A |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
J Neurosci |
| Title: |
Differential contribution of hippocampal subfields to components of associative taste learning. |
| Volume: |
34 |
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33 |
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