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Search results 1501 to 1600 out of 2033 for Epha4

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Type Details Score
Publication
First Author: Robinson DR
Year: 2000
Journal: Oncogene
Title: The protein tyrosine kinase family of the human genome.
Volume: 19
Issue: 49
Pages: 5548-57
Publication
First Author: Shalom-Barak T
Year: 2012
Journal: Dev Biol
Title: Placental PPARγ regulates spatiotemporally diverse genes and a unique metabolic network.
Volume: 372
Issue: 1
Pages: 143-55
Publication
First Author: Neidhardt L
Year: 2000
Journal: Mech Dev
Title: Large-scale screen for genes controlling mammalian embryogenesis, using high-throughput gene expression analysis in mouse embryos.
Volume: 98
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 77-94
Publication
First Author: Combes AN
Year: 2009
Journal: Dev Dyn
Title: Three-dimensional visualization of testis cord morphogenesis, a novel tubulogenic mechanism in development.
Volume: 238
Issue: 5
Pages: 1033-41
Publication
First Author: Cobellis G
Year: 2005
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: Tagging genes with cassette-exchange sites.
Volume: 33
Issue: 4
Pages: e44
Publication
First Author: Bailey PJ
Year: 2006
Journal: Exp Cell Res
Title: A global genomic transcriptional code associated with CNS-expressed genes.
Volume: 312
Issue: 16
Pages: 3108-19
Publication      
First Author: Mammalian Functional Genomics Centre
Year: 2010
Journal: MGI Direct Data Submission
Title: Alleles produced for the NorCOMM project by the Mammalian Functional Genomics Centre (Mfgc), University of Manitoba
Publication        
First Author: GOA curators, MGI curators
Year: 2001
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
Publication
First Author: Hansen J
Year: 2003
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: A large-scale, gene-driven mutagenesis approach for the functional analysis of the mouse genome.
Volume: 100
Issue: 17
Pages: 9918-22
Publication        
First Author: The Gene Ontology Consortium
Year: 2016
Title: Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
Publication
First Author: Thompson CL
Year: 2014
Journal: Neuron
Title: A high-resolution spatiotemporal atlas of gene expression of the developing mouse brain.
Volume: 83
Issue: 2
Pages: 309-323
Publication
First Author: Visel A
Year: 2004
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo.
Volume: 32
Issue: Database issue
Pages: D552-6
Publication
First Author: Stryke D
Year: 2003
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: BayGenomics: a resource of insertional mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 278-81
Publication  
First Author: Bedogni F
Year: 2021
Journal: Front Mol Neurosci
Title: Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Developing Mouse Neocortex: Intermediate Progenitors Implicated in Axon Development.
Volume: 14
Pages: 686034
Publication      
First Author: Lennon G
Year: 1999
Journal: Database Download
Title: WashU-HHMI Mouse EST Project
Publication      
First Author: GUDMAP Consortium
Year: 2004
Journal: www.gudmap.org
Title: GUDMAP: the GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project
Publication      
First Author: Shanghai Model Organisms Center
Year: 2017
Journal: MGI Direct Data Submission
Title: Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China
Publication
First Author: Hansen GM
Year: 2008
Journal: Genome Res
Title: Large-scale gene trapping in C57BL/6N mouse embryonic stem cells.
Volume: 18
Issue: 10
Pages: 1670-9
Publication        
First Author: The Gene Ontology Consortium
Year: 2014
Title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs
Publication        
First Author: UniProt-GOA
Year: 2012
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Publication
First Author: Magdaleno S
Year: 2006
Journal: PLoS Biol
Title: BGEM: an in situ hybridization database of gene expression in the embryonic and adult mouse nervous system.
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: e86
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2003
Title: MGI Sequence Curation Reference
Publication
First Author: Carninci P
Year: 2005
Journal: Science
Title: The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome.
Volume: 309
Issue: 5740
Pages: 1559-63
Publication
First Author: Kawai J
Year: 2001
Journal: Nature
Title: Functional annotation of a full-length mouse cDNA collection.
Volume: 409
Issue: 6821
Pages: 685-90
Publication        
First Author: MGD Nomenclature Committee
Year: 1995
Title: Nomenclature Committee Use
Publication
First Author: Zambrowicz BP
Year: 2003
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: a gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Volume: 100
Issue: 24
Pages: 14109-14
Publication        
First Author: GemPharmatech
Year: 2020
Title: GemPharmatech Website.
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Year: 2008
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS
Publication        
First Author: Cyagen Biosciences Inc.
Year: 2022
Title: Cyagen Biosciences Website.
Publication        
First Author: AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators
Year: 2011
Title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Publication        
First Author: UniProt-GOA
Year: 2012
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Publication        
First Author: GOA curators
Year: 2016
Title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Publication      
First Author: The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database
Year: 2004
Journal: Database Release
Title: Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load
Publication
First Author: Okazaki Y
Year: 2002
Journal: Nature
Title: Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs.
Volume: 420
Issue: 6915
Pages: 563-73
Publication        
First Author: The Gene Ontology Consortium
Year: 2010
Title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs
Publication
First Author: Diez-Roux G
Year: 2011
Journal: PLoS Biol
Title: A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: e1000582
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2002
Title: Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2).
Publication        
First Author: Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas
Year: 2010
Title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information
Year: 2000
Journal: Database Release
Title: Entrez Gene Load
Publication      
First Author: Allen Institute for Brain Science
Year: 2004
Journal: Allen Institute
Title: Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2009
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Download
Title: Consensus CDS project
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Group
Year: 2003
Journal: Database Procedure
Title: Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference
Publication      
First Author: Bairoch A
Year: 1999
Journal: Database Release
Title: SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2005
Title: Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Release
Title: Protein Ontology Association Load.
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2005
Title: Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2009
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:1095428
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 1999-06-11
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1615113
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS13
Assay Id: MGI:1337661
Age: embryonic day 8.5
Image: 3.B
Note: Expression is coincident with Epha4 (Sek-1) expression.
Specimen Label: 3.B
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 4
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:1095428
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 1999-06-11
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1629713
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS13
Assay Id: MGI:1337661
Age: embryonic day 8.5
Image: 3.B
Note: Expression is coincident with Epha4 (Sek-1) expression.
Specimen Label: 3.B
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 4
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:1095428
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 1999-06-11
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1630513
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS13
Assay Id: MGI:1337661
Age: embryonic day 8.5
Image: 3.B
Note: Expression is coincident with Epha4 (Sek-1) expression.
Specimen Label: 3.B
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 4
Publication
First Author: Soliman E
Year: 2023
Journal: J Neuroinflammation
Title: Efferocytosis is restricted by axon guidance molecule EphA4 via ERK/Stat6/MERTK signaling following brain injury.
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 256
Publication
First Author: Greer K
Year: 2020
Journal: Sci Rep
Title: Abrogation of atypical neurogenesis and vascular-derived EphA4 prevents repeated mild TBI-induced learning and memory impairments.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 15374
Publication
First Author: Stiffel V
Year: 2014
Journal: J Bone Miner Res
Title: EphA4 receptor is a novel negative regulator of osteoclast activity.
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 804-19
Interaction Experiment
Description: The EphA4 receptor regulates dendritic spine remodeling by affecting beta1-integrin signaling pathways.
Publication
First Author: Oki M
Year: 2008
Journal: World J Gastroenterol
Title: Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA4 in human gastric cancers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 37
Pages: 5650-6
Publication  
First Author: Clifford MA
Year: 2011
Journal: Neural Dev
Title: EphA4 expression promotes network activity and spine maturation in cortical neuronal cultures.
Volume: 6
Pages: 21
Publication
First Author: Singla N
Year: 2010
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Title: Crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain of the promiscuous EphA4 receptor reveals two distinct conformations.
Volume: 399
Issue: 4
Pages: 555-9
Publication
First Author: Goldshmit Y
Year: 2011
Journal: PLoS One
Title: EphA4 blockers promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in mice.
Volume: 6
Issue: 9
Pages: e24636
Publication
First Author: Frugier T
Year: 2012
Journal: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
Title: Expression and activation of EphA4 in the human brain after traumatic injury.
Volume: 71
Issue: 3
Pages: 242-50
Publication
First Author: Shi L
Year: 2007
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Alpha2-chimaerin interacts with EphA4 and regulates EphA4-dependent growth cone collapse.
Volume: 104
Issue: 41
Pages: 16347-52
Publication
First Author: Han X
Year: 2013
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Discovery and characterization of a novel cyclic peptide that effectively inhibits ephrin binding to the EphA4 receptor and displays anti-angiogenesis activity.
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
Pages: e80183
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:4453648
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2015-11-16
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1754023
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:5696231
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: 2D/F
Note: There was colocalization with Epha4 in the anterior region of the dorsal thalamus and in ventral structures.
Specimen Label: 2D/F
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 2
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:5695625
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2015-11-16
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1754025
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS25
Assay Id: MGI:5696230
Age: embryonic day 17.5
Image: 3C,E,F
Note: Predominantly medioventrally expressed. There was overlap in the domains of Epha4 and Epha7, but no overlap with Efna5.
Specimen Label: 3C,E,F
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 4
Allele  
Name: Eph receptor A4; rabbit
Allele Type: Spontaneous
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:4453648
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2015-11-16
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:3569825
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS25
Assay Id: MGI:5696231
Age: embryonic day 17.5
Image: 3D/F
Note: Expression was detected at the ventral edge of the ventral posterior nucleus. There was overlap with Epha4 in a lateral portion.
Specimen Label: 3D/F
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 3
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:4453648
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2015-11-16
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1754022
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5696231
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: 1H/J
Note: Expression was detected at the dorsal and ventral edges of the dorsal thalamus. Expression was largely distinct from cells expressing Epha4 and Epha7.
Specimen Label: 1H/J
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 1
Publication
First Author: Bourgin C
Year: 2007
Journal: J Cell Biol
Title: The EphA4 receptor regulates dendritic spine remodeling by affecting beta1-integrin signaling pathways.
Volume: 178
Issue: 7
Pages: 1295-307
Strain
Attribute String: mutant stock, spontaneous mutation
Strain
Attribute String: congenic, mutant strain, spontaneous mutation
Allele
Name: transgene insertion 1, Samuel L Pfaff
Allele Type: Transgenic
Attribute String: Reporter
Genotype
Symbol: Epha4/Epha4
Background: B6 x STOCK Epha4/J
Zygosity: hm
Has Mutant Allele: true
Strain
Attribute String: transgenic, mutant stock
Publication
First Author: Evren S
Year: 2014
Journal: Development
Title: EphA4-dependent Brachyury expression is required for dorsal mesoderm involution in the Xenopus gastrula.
Volume: 141
Issue: 19
Pages: 3649-61
Publication
First Author: Hu Y
Year: 2014
Journal: Neurosci Bull
Title: Ephrin-B2/EphA4 forward signaling is required for regulation of radial migration of cortical neurons in the mouse.
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 425-32
Publication
First Author: Zozulya SA
Year: 2012
Journal: Bioorg Khim
Title: [Eph family receptors as therapeutic targets].
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Pages: 267-79
Publication
First Author: Tognolini M
Year: 2014
Journal: ACS Chem Neurosci
Title: Are we using the right pharmacological tools to target EphA4?
Volume: 5
Issue: 12
Pages: 1146-7
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents the SAM domain of EPH-A4. It is a C-terminal potential protein-protein interaction domain [].Ephrin receptors (Ephs) are a group of receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated in response to binding ephrin ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signalling into neighbouring cells [].Ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4) is highly promiscuou; it has the unique property among Eph receptors to bind and to be physiologically activated by both GPI-anchored ephrin-A and transmembrane ephrin-B ligands []. It is involved in development [, ], supporting spine maturation [, , ], axon guidance [, ]and assembly of neuronal locomotor circuits [, ]. EphA4 is the most abundant ephrin receptor in the nervous system. Mice lacking the EphA4 exhibit pronounced axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury [, , ]. In humans EphA4 has been proposed to be a key actor in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) []. Inhibition of the EphA4-ephrin interaction has been considered as a useful strategy for promoting axon regeneration in the nervous system and a pharmacological tool to treat neurodegenerative disease patients [, ]. EphA4 also plays a role in human cancers. Overexpression of EphA4 is observed in many human cancers []. For instance, overexpression of EphA4 is associated with gastric cancer invasion and recurrence []. Antagonising Eph-ephrin interactions by interfering with the Eph receptor/ephrin system has been suggested to be used in anti-angiogenic cancer therapies [, ]. EphA4 is also a potent negative regulator of osteoclastic activity [].
Publication
First Author: Takeuchi S
Year: 2009
Journal: FEBS Lett
Title: Beta2-chimaerin binds to EphA receptors and regulates cell migration.
Volume: 583
Issue: 8
Pages: 1237-42
Publication
First Author: Stapleton D
Year: 1999
Journal: Nat Struct Biol
Title: The crystal structure of an Eph receptor SAM domain reveals a mechanism for modular dimerization.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 44-9
Publication
First Author: Kullander K
Year: 2002
Journal: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
Title: Mechanisms and functions of Eph and ephrin signalling.
Volume: 3
Issue: 7
Pages: 475-86
Publication
First Author: Vaiyapuri S
Year: 2015
Journal: Blood
Title: EphB2 regulates contact-dependent and contact-independent signaling to control platelet function.
Volume: 125
Issue: 4
Pages: 720-30
Publication
First Author: Fawcett JP
Year: 2007
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Nck adaptor proteins control the organization of neuronal circuits important for walking.
Volume: 104
Issue: 52
Pages: 20973-8
Publication
First Author: Hara Y
Year: 2010
Journal: Stem Cells
Title: Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and vascular formation in ephrin-A5-deficient mice.
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Pages: 974-83
Publication
First Author: Ba R
Year: 2023
Journal: Sci Adv
Title: FOXG1 drives transcriptomic networks to specify principal neuron subtypes during the development of the medial pallium.
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: eade2441
Publication
First Author: Pickles JO
Year: 2002
Journal: J Comp Neurol
Title: Complementary and layered expression of Ephs and ephrins in developing mouse inner ear.
Volume: 449
Issue: 3
Pages: 207-16
Publication
First Author: Bhatia S
Year: 2022
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: EphB4 and ephrinB2 act in opposition in the head and neck tumor microenvironment.
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 3535
Protein
Organism: Mus musculus/domesticus
Length: 106  
Fragment?: true
Publication
First Author: Canagarajah B
Year: 2004
Journal: Cell
Title: Structural mechanism for lipid activation of the Rac-specific GAP, beta2-chimaerin.
Volume: 119
Issue: 3
Pages: 407-18
Publication  
First Author: Gutierrez-Uzquiza A
Year: 2013
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Coordinated activation of the Rac-GAP β2-chimaerin by an atypical proline-rich domain and diacylglycerol.
Volume: 4
Pages: 1849
Publication
First Author: Riccomagno MM
Year: 2012
Journal: Cell
Title: The RacGAP β2-Chimaerin selectively mediates axonal pruning in the hippocampus.
Volume: 149
Issue: 7
Pages: 1594-606
Publication
First Author: Simón AM
Year: 2009
Journal: J Alzheimers Dis
Title: Early changes in hippocampal Eph receptors precede the onset of memory decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 773-86
Publication
First Author: Liu BP
Year: 2006
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Title: Extracellular regulators of axonal growth in the adult central nervous system.
Volume: 361
Issue: 1473
Pages: 1593-610
Publication
First Author: Frank CA
Year: 2009
Journal: Neuron
Title: A presynaptic homeostatic signaling system composed of the Eph receptor, ephexin, Cdc42, and CaV2.1 calcium channels.
Volume: 61
Issue: 4
Pages: 556-69
Publication
First Author: Shi L
Year: 2010
Journal: Neuron
Title: Ephexin1 is required for structural maturation and neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction.
Volume: 65
Issue: 2
Pages: 204-16
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents the RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP]for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of chimaerins.Chimaerin is a family of GTPase activating proteins for the small G-protein Rac. Chimaerin family members have been implicated in development, neuritogenesis and cancer []. Several isoforms have been found: alpha1-chimaerin (formerly known as n-chimaerin) and alpha2-chimaerin are alternatively spliced products of a single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimaerin []. Both alpha-chimaerin isoforms share identical diacylglycerol-binding (C1) and RacGAP domains. Alpha1- and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal region that does not encode any recognizable domains, whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine motifs within receptors. It has been shown that alpha-chimaerins inactivate Rac and the alpha1-chimaerin isoform contributes to dendritic retraction events in cultured neurons. Alpha2-chimaerin is an effector for EphA4 in cortical and spinal motor circuits []. Beta2-Chimaerin mediates axonal pruning in the hippocampus [].
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: Chimaerin is a family of GTPase activating proteins for the small G-protein Rac. Chimaerin family members have been implicated in development, neuritogenesis and cancer []. Several isoforms have been found: alpha1-chimaerin (formerly known as n-chimaerin) and alpha2-chimaerin are alternatively spliced products of a single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimaerin []. Both alpha-chimaerin isoforms share identical diacylglycerol-binding (C1) and RacGAP domains. Alpha1- and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal region that does not encode any recognizable domains, whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine motifs within receptors. It has been shown that alpha-chimaerins inactivate Rac and the alpha1-chimaerin isoform contributes to dendritic retraction events in cultured neurons. Alpha2-chimaerin is an effector for EphA4 in cortical and spinal motor circuits []. Beta2-Chimaerin mediates axonal pruning in the hippocampus [].This entry represents the SH2 domain of alpha2-chimerin and beta2-chimerin.
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents the ligand-binding domain found in ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4). A loss of EphA4, as well as EphB2, precedes memory decline in a murine model of Alzheimers disease []. EphA4 has been shown to have a negative effect on axon regeneration and functional restoration in corticospinal lesions and has been implicated in circadian sleep regulation [, ].Class EphA receptors bind GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands. There are ten vertebrate EphA receptors (EphA1-10), which display promiscuous interactions with six ephrin-A ligands [, ]. Ephrin receptors (EphRs) comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). EphRs contain a ligand binding domain and two fibronectin repeats extracellularly, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. Binding of the ephrin ligand to EphR requires cell-cell contact since both are anchored to the plasma membrane. The resulting downstream signals occur bidirectionally in both EphR-expressing cells (forward signaling) and ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling) [].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Chimaerin is a family of GTPase activating proteins for the small G-protein Rac. Chimaerin family members have been implicated in development, neuritogenesis and cancer []. Several isoforms have been found: alpha1-chimaerin (formerly known as n-chimaerin) and alpha2-chimaerin are alternatively spliced products of a single gene, as are beta1- and beta2-chimaerin []. Both alpha-chimaerin isoforms share identical diacylglycerol-binding (C1) and RacGAP domains. Alpha1- and beta1-chimerin have a relatively short N-terminal region that does not encode any recognizable domains, whereas alpha2- and beta2-chimerin both include a functional SH2 domain that can bind to phosphotyrosine motifs within receptors. It has been shown that alpha-chimaerins inactivate Rac and the alpha1-chimaerin isoform contributes to dendritic retraction events in cultured neurons. Alpha2-chimaerin is an effector for EphA4 in cortical and spinal motor circuits []. Beta2-Chimaerin mediates axonal pruning in the hippocampus [].This entry includes alpha-chimaerin (Chn1) and beta-chimaerin (Chn2) from animals.