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Type Details Score
Publication
First Author: Miller CW
Year: 1996
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Peroxisome proliferators induce mouse liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression.
Volume: 93
Issue: 18
Pages: 9443-8
Publication
First Author: Duan J
Year: 2018
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Structure of the mammalian TRPM7, a magnesium channel required during embryonic development.
Volume: 115
Issue: 35
Pages: E8201-E8210
Publication
First Author: Goudeau B
Year: 2003
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: IkappaBalpha/IkappaBepsilon deficiency reveals that a critical NF-kappaB dosage is required for lymphocyte survival.
Volume: 100
Issue: 26
Pages: 15800-5
Publication
First Author: Le Cras TD
Year: 2004
Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
Title: Transient induction of TGF-alpha disrupts lung morphogenesis, causing pulmonary disease in adulthood.
Volume: 287
Issue: 4
Pages: L718-29
Publication
First Author: Wang H
Year: 2014
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: Altered macrophage phenotype transition impairs skeletal muscle regeneration.
Volume: 184
Issue: 4
Pages: 1167-84
Publication
First Author: Coutinho AE
Year: 2016
Journal: Endocrinology
Title: 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Is Expressed in Neutrophils and Restrains an Inflammatory Response in Male Mice.
Volume: 157
Issue: 7
Pages: 2928-36
Publication
First Author: Gorelik L
Year: 2001
Journal: Nat Med
Title: Immune-mediated eradication of tumors through the blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in T cells.
Volume: 7
Issue: 10
Pages: 1118-22
Publication
First Author: Corne J
Year: 2000
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: IL-13 stimulates vascular endothelial cell growth factor and protects against hyperoxic acute lung injury.
Volume: 106
Issue: 6
Pages: 783-91
Publication
First Author: Kramer EL
Year: 2007
Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
Title: Perinatal increases in TGF-{alpha} disrupt the saccular phase of lung morphogenesis and cause remodeling: microarray analysis.
Volume: 293
Issue: 2
Pages: L314-27
Publication
First Author: Ikegami M
Year: 2009
Journal: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Title: Pulmonary surfactant surface tension influences alveolar capillary shape and oxygenation.
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 433-9
Publication
First Author: Yellon SM
Year: 2019
Journal: Biol Reprod
Title: Effects of macrophage depletion on characteristics of cervix remodeling and pregnancy in CD11b-dtr mice.
Volume: 100
Issue: 5
Pages: 1386-1394
Publication
First Author: Mirza R
Year: 2009
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: Selective and specific macrophage ablation is detrimental to wound healing in mice.
Volume: 175
Issue: 6
Pages: 2454-62
Publication
First Author: Mattiasson G
Year: 2003
Journal: Nat Med
Title: Uncoupling protein-2 prevents neuronal death and diminishes brain dysfunction after stroke and brain trauma.
Volume: 9
Issue: 8
Pages: 1062-8
Publication  
First Author: Dheer A
Year: 2024
Journal: Brain Behav Immun
Title: Chemogenetic approaches reveal dual functions of microglia in seizures.
Volume: 115
Pages: 406-418
Publication
First Author: Bengtsson O
Year: 2001
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Maternal kappa-containing IgG induces a late anti-Kappa response in adult, Kappa-deficient offspring.
Volume: 31
Issue: 9
Pages: 2652-9
Publication
First Author: Iavarone A
Year: 2004
Journal: Nature
Title: Retinoblastoma promotes definitive erythropoiesis by repressing Id2 in fetal liver macrophages.
Volume: 432
Issue: 7020
Pages: 1040-5
Publication
First Author: Cruz A
Year: 2006
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Cutting edge: IFN-gamma regulates the induction and expansion of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection.
Volume: 177
Issue: 3
Pages: 1416-20
Publication  
First Author: Hyun M
Year: 2021
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Social isolation uncovers a circuit underlying context-dependent territory-covering micturition.
Volume: 118
Issue: 1
Publication
First Author: Goulas A
Year: 1996
Journal: J Protein Chem
Title: Oligophosphopeptides of varied structural complexity derived from the egg phosphoprotein, phosvitin.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-9
Publication
First Author: Roderick TH
Year: 1997
Journal: Genomics
Title: A new dominant retinal degeneration (Rd4) associated with a chromosomal inversion in the mouse.
Volume: 42
Issue: 3
Pages: 393-6
Publication
First Author: King D
Year: 1986
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: Amino acid sequence of the testosterone-regulated mouse kidney RP2 protein deduced from its complementary DNA sequence.
Volume: 14
Issue: 13
Pages: 5159-70
Publication
First Author: Jiang W
Year: 1992
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: The alpha subunit of meprin A. Molecular cloning and sequencing, differential expression in inbred mouse strains, and evidence for divergent evolution of the alpha and beta subunits.
Volume: 267
Issue: 13
Pages: 9185-93
Publication
First Author: Salcedo A
Year: 2006
Journal: EMBO J
Title: Mdm2 is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.
Volume: 25
Issue: 20
Pages: 4752-62
Publication  
First Author: Takagi A
Year: 2016
Journal: Sci Rep
Title: Mammalian autophagy is essential for hepatic and renal ketogenesis during starvation.
Volume: 6
Pages: 18944
Publication
First Author: Lindhorst A
Year: 2020
Journal: Adipocyte
Title: Unspecific DNA recombination in AdipoqCre-ERT2 - mediated knockout approaches in transgenic mice is sex-, age- and genotype-dependent.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-6
Publication
First Author: Silver LM
Year: 1983
Journal: Cell
Title: A diversified set of testicular cell proteins specified by genes within the mouse t complex.
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-45
Publication
First Author: Sidhom S
Year: 2021
Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
Title: 17α-Estradiol Modulates IGF1 and Hepatic Gene Expression in a Sex-Specific Manner.
Volume: 76
Issue: 5
Pages: 778-785
Publication
First Author: Ohshima T
Year: 1997
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: alpha-Galactosidase A deficient mice: a model of Fabry disease.
Volume: 94
Issue: 6
Pages: 2540-4
Publication
First Author: Chepelinsky AB
Year: 1985
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Lens-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene promoted by 5' flanking sequences of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene in explanted chicken lens epithelia.
Volume: 82
Issue: 8
Pages: 2334-8
Publication
First Author: Torres-Cano A
Year: 2022
Journal: PLoS Genet
Title: Deletion of Wt1 during early gonadogenesis leads to differences of sex development in male and female adult mice.
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Pages: e1010240
Publication
First Author: O'Donovan A
Year: 1994
Journal: Nature
Title: XPG endonuclease makes the 3' incision in human DNA nucleotide excision repair.
Volume: 371
Issue: 6496
Pages: 432-5
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Neurotransmitter ligand-gatedion channels are transmembrane receptor-ion channel complexes that open transiently upon binding of specific ligands, allowing rapid transmission of signals at chemical synapses [, ]. Five of these ion channel receptor families have been shown to form a sequence-related superfamily:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR), an excitatory cation channel in vertebrates and invertebrates; in vertebrate motor endplates it is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta/epsilon subunits; in neurons it is composed of alpha and non-alpha (or beta) subunits [].Glycine receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel composed of alpha and beta subunits [].Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel; at least four types of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) are known [].Serotonin 5HT3 receptor, of which there are seven major types (5HT3-5HT7) [].Glutamate receptor, an excitatory cation channel of which at least three types have been described (kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate) [].These receptors possess a pentameric structure (made up of varying subunits), surrounding a central pore. All known sequences of subunits from neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels are structurally related. They are composed of a large extracellular glycosylated N-terminal ligand-binding domain, followed by three hydrophobic transmembrane regions which form the ionic channel, followed by an intracellular region of variable length. A fourth hydrophobic region is found at the C-terminal of the sequence [, ].Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are members of the neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels: they mediate neuronal inhibition on binding GABA. The effects of GABA on GABAA receptors are modulated by a range of therapeutically important drugs, including barbiturates, anaesthetics and benzodiazepines (BZs) []. The BZs are a diverse range of compounds, including widely prescribed drugs, such as librium and valium, and their interaction with GABAA receptors provides the most potent pharmacological means of distinguishing different GABAA receptor subtypes.GABAA receptors are pentameric membrane proteins that operate GABA-gated chloride channels []. Eight types of receptor subunit have been cloned, with multiple subtypes within some classes: alpha 1-6, beta 1-4, gamma 1-4, delta, epsilon, pi, rho 1-3 and theta [, ]. Subunits are typically 50-60kDa in size and comprise a long N-terminal extracellular domain, containing a putative signal peptide and a disulphide-bonded beta structural loop; 4 putative transmembrane (TM) domains; and a large cytoplasmic loop connecting the third and fourth TM domains. Amongst family members, the large cytoplasmic loop displays the most divergence in terms of primary structure, the TM domains showing the highest level of sequence conservation [].Most GABAA receptors contain one type of alpha and beta subunit, and a single gamma polypeptide in a ratio of 2:2:1 [], though in some cases other subunits such as epsilon or delta may replace gamma. The BZ binding site is located at the interface of adjacent alpha and gamma subunits; therefore, the type of alpha and gamma subunits present is instrumental in determining BZ selectivity and sensitivity. Receptors can be categorised into 3 groups based on their alpha subunit content and, hence, sensitivity to BZs: alpha 1-containing receptors have greatest sensitivity towards BZs (type I); alpha 2, 3 and 5-containing receptors have similar but distinguishable properties (type II); and alpha 4- and 6-containing assemblies have very low BZ affinity []. A conserved histidine residue in the alpha subunit of type I and II receptors is believed to be responsible for BZ affinity []. GABAA receptors can be characterised by their sensitivitytowards a selective antagonist, bicuculline. A GABA receptor has been identified that is insensitive to bicuculline and classical GABAA modulators but has an enhanced affinity for GABA. This receptor, unlike most GABAA receptors, is composed principally of rho subunits and was initially termed 'GABAC' in recognition of its altered pharmacology []. Despite these differences, rho subunits are generally considered to be part of the GABAAfamily of receptor proteins due to similarities in sequence and topology.Whilst early studies supported the view that rho subunits assembled to forma homopentamer, it has been shown that a mutant rho 1 protein is able tocoassemble with GABAA gamma 2 subunits as well as the glycine receptor alphasubunit. Rho subunit mRNA occurs prominently in both human and ratretina [], each subunit showing a characteristic pattern of spatial expression. In rat retina, rho 1 mRNA has been detected only in bipolarcells, whereas rho 2 transcripts have been detected in both bipolar andganglion cells. In retinal tissues, expression of rho 3 mRNA is exclusive toganglion cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and in situhybridisation have shown rho transcripts also to be present in other regionsof the brain, specifically those involved in visual signal processing, suchas the superior colliculus and visual cortex.This entry represents Rho 2 subunits.
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane receptor-ion channel complexes that open transiently upon binding of specific ligands, allowing rapid transmission of signals at chemical synapses [, ]. Five of these ion channel receptor families have been shown to form a sequence-related superfamily:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR), an excitatory cation channel in vertebrates and invertebrates; in vertebrate motor endplates it is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta/epsilon subunits; in neurons it is composed of alpha and non-alpha (or beta) subunits [].Glycine receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel composed of alpha and beta subunits [].Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel; at least four types of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) are known [].Serotonin 5HT3 receptor, of which there are seven major types (5HT3-5HT7) [].Glutamate receptor, an excitatory cation channel of which at least three types have been described (kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate) [].These receptors possess a pentameric structure (made up of varying subunits), surrounding a central pore. All known sequences of subunits from neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels are structurally related. They are composed of a large extracellular glycosylated N-terminal ligand-binding domain, followed by three hydrophobic transmembrane regions which form the ionic channel, followed by an intracellular region of variable length. A fourth hydrophobic region is found at the C-terminal of the sequence [, ].Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are members of the neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels: they mediate neuronal inhibition on binding GABA. The effects of GABA on GABAA receptors are modulated by a range of therapeutically important drugs, including barbiturates, anaesthetics and benzodiazepines (BZs) []. The BZs are a diverse range of compounds, including widely prescribed drugs, such as librium and valium, and their interaction with GABAA receptorsprovides the most potent pharmacological means of distinguishing different GABAA receptor subtypes.GABAA receptors are pentameric membrane proteins that operate GABA-gated chloride channels []. Eight types of receptor subunit have been cloned, with multiple subtypes within some classes: alpha 1-6, beta 1-4, gamma 1-4, delta, epsilon, pi, rho 1-3 and theta [, ]. Subunits are typically 50-60kDa in size and comprise a long N-terminal extracellular domain, containing a putative signal peptide and a disulphide-bonded beta structural loop; 4 putative transmembrane (TM) domains; and a large cytoplasmic loop connecting the third and fourth TM domains. Amongst family members, the large cytoplasmic loop displays the most divergence in terms of primary structure, the TM domains showing the highest level of sequence conservation [].Most GABAA receptors contain one type of alpha and beta subunit, and a single gamma polypeptide in a ratio of 2:2:1 [], though in some cases other subunits such as epsilon or delta may replace gamma. The BZ binding site is located at the interface of adjacent alpha and gamma subunits; therefore, the type of alpha and gamma subunits present is instrumental in determining BZ selectivity and sensitivity. Receptors can be categorised into 3 groups based on their alpha subunit content and, hence, sensitivity to BZs: alpha 1-containing receptors have greatest sensitivity towards BZs (type I); alpha 2, 3 and 5-containing receptors have similar but distinguishable properties (type II); and alpha 4- and 6-containing assemblies have very low BZ affinity []. A conserved histidine residue in the alpha subunit of type I and II receptors is believed to be responsible for BZ affinity []. GABAA receptors can be characterised by their sensitivitytowards a selective antagonist, bicuculline. A GABA receptor has been identified that is insensitive to bicuculline and classical GABAA modulators but has an enhanced affinity for GABA. This receptor, unlike most GABAA receptors, is composed principally of rho subunits and was initially termed 'GABAC' in recognition of its altered pharmacology []. Despite these differences, rho subunits are generally considered to be part of the GABAAfamily of receptor proteins due to similarities in sequence and topology.Whilst early studies supported the view that rho subunits assembled to forma homopentamer, it has been shown that a mutant rho 1 protein is able tocoassemble with GABAA gamma 2 subunits as well as the glycine receptor alphasubunit. Rho subunit mRNA occurs prominently in both human and ratretina [], each subunit showing a characteristic pattern of spatial expression. In rat retina, rho 1 mRNA has been detected only in bipolarcells, whereas rho 2 transcripts have been detected in both bipolar andganglion cells. In retinal tissues, expression of rho 3 mRNA is exclusive toganglion cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and in situhybridisation have shown rho transcripts also to be present in other regionsof the brain, specifically those involved in visual signal processing, suchas the superior colliculus and visual cortex.This entry represents the GABAA Rho subunits.
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane receptor-ion channel complexes that open transiently upon binding of specific ligands, allowing rapid transmission of signals at chemical synapses [, ]. Five of these ion channel receptor families have been shown to form a sequence-related superfamily:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR), an excitatory cation channel in vertebrates and invertebrates; in vertebrate motor endplates it is composed of alpha, beta, gamma and delta/epsilon subunits; in neurons it is composed of alpha and non-alpha (or beta) subunits [].Glycine receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel composed of alpha and beta subunits [].Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, an inhibitory chloride ion channel; at least four types of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) are known [].Serotonin 5HT3 receptor, of which there are seven major types (5HT3-5HT7) [].Glutamate receptor, an excitatory cation channel of which at least three types have been described (kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate) [].These receptors possess a pentameric structure (made up of varying subunits), surrounding a central pore. All known sequences of subunits from neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels are structurally related. They are composed of a large extracellular glycosylated N-terminal ligand-binding domain, followed by three hydrophobic transmembrane regions which form the ionic channel, followed by an intracellular region of variable length. A fourth hydrophobic region is found at the C-terminal of the sequence [, ].Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are members of the neurotransmitter ligand-gated ion channels: they mediate neuronal inhibition on binding GABA. The effects of GABA on GABAA receptors are modulated by a range of therapeutically important drugs, including barbiturates, anaesthetics and benzodiazepines (BZs) []. The BZs are a diverse range of compounds, including widely prescribed drugs, such as librium and valium, and their interaction with GABAA receptors provides the most potent pharmacological means of distinguishing different GABAA receptor subtypes.GABAA receptors are pentameric membrane proteins that operate GABA-gated chloride channels []. Eight types of receptor subunit have been cloned, with multiple subtypes within some classes: alpha 1-6, beta 1-4, gamma 1-4, delta, epsilon, pi, rho 1-3 and theta [, ]. Subunits are typically 50-60kDa in size and comprise a long N-terminal extracellular domain, containing a putative signal peptide and a disulphide-bonded beta structural loop; 4 putative transmembrane (TM) domains; and a large cytoplasmic loop connecting the third and fourth TM domains. Amongst family members, the large cytoplasmic loop displays the most divergence in terms of primary structure, the TM domains showing the highest level of sequence conservation [].Most GABAA receptors contain one type of alpha and beta subunit, and a single gamma polypeptide in a ratio of 2:2:1 [], though in some cases other subunits such as epsilon or delta may replace gamma. The BZ binding site is located at the interface of adjacent alpha and gamma subunits; therefore, the type of alpha and gamma subunits present is instrumental in determining BZ selectivity and sensitivity. Receptors can be categorised into 3 groups based on their alpha subunit content and, hence, sensitivity to BZs: alpha 1-containing receptors have greatest sensitivity towards BZs (type I); alpha 2, 3 and 5-containing receptors have similar but distinguishable properties (type II); and alpha 4- and 6-containing assemblies have very low BZ affinity []. A conserved histidine residue in the alpha subunit of type I and II receptors is believed to be responsible for BZ affinity []. GABAA receptors can be characterised by their sensitivitytowards a selective antagonist, bicuculline. A GABA receptor has been identified that is insensitive to bicuculline and classical GABAA modulators but has an enhanced affinity for GABA. This receptor, unlike most GABAA receptors, is composed principally of rho subunits and was initially termed 'GABAC' in recognition of its altered pharmacology []. Despite these differences, rho subunitsare generally considered to be part of the GABAAfamily of receptor proteins due to similarities in sequence and topology.Whilst early studies supported the view that rho subunits assembled to forma homopentamer, it has been shown that a mutant rho 1 protein is able tocoassemble with GABAA gamma 2 subunits as well as the glycine receptor alphasubunit. Rho subunit mRNA occurs prominently in both human and ratretina [], each subunit showing a characteristic pattern of spatial expression. In rat retina, rho 1 mRNA has been detected only in bipolarcells, whereas rho 2 transcripts have been detected in both bipolar andganglion cells. In retinal tissues, expression of rho 3 mRNA is exclusive toganglion cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and in situhybridisation have shown rho transcripts also to be present in other regionsof the brain, specifically those involved in visual signal processing, suchas the superior colliculus and visual cortex.This entry represents Rho 1 subunits.
Publication
First Author: Astrakhan A
Year: 2012
Journal: Blood
Title: Ubiquitous high-level gene expression in hematopoietic lineages provides effective lentiviral gene therapy of murine Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
Volume: 119
Issue: 19
Pages: 4395-407
Publication
First Author: Ohsaki A
Year: 2018
Journal: J Exp Med
Title: Maternal IgG immune complexes induce food allergen-specific tolerance in offspring.
Volume: 215
Issue: 1
Pages: 91-113
Publication
First Author: Kowalczyk A
Year: 2014
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Cell-extrinsic CTLA4-mediated regulation of dendritic cell maturation depends on STAT3.
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 1143-55
Publication
First Author: Nguyen KT
Year: 2006
Journal: Mol Cell Biol
Title: Essential role of Pten in body size determination and pancreatic beta-cell homeostasis in vivo.
Volume: 26
Issue: 12
Pages: 4511-8
Publication    
First Author: Santeford A
Year: 2021
Journal: Elife
Title: Loss of Mir146b with aging contributes to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages.
Volume: 10
Publication
First Author: Nakamura A
Year: 2016
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Bcl-xL Is Essential for the Survival and Function of Differentiated Neurons in the Cortex That Control Complex Behaviors.
Volume: 36
Issue: 20
Pages: 5448-61
Publication
First Author: Kaneshige M
Year: 2001
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: A targeted dominant negative mutation of the thyroid hormone alpha 1 receptor causes increased mortality, infertility, and dwarfism in mice.
Volume: 98
Issue: 26
Pages: 15095-100
Publication
First Author: Madison BB
Year: 2015
Journal: PLoS Genet
Title: Let-7 Represses Carcinogenesis and a Stem Cell Phenotype in the Intestine via Regulation of Hmga2.
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
Pages: e1005408
Publication
First Author: Vandenbeuch A
Year: 2015
Journal: Chem Senses
Title: Mice Lacking Pannexin 1 Release ATP and Respond Normally to All Taste Qualities.
Volume: 40
Issue: 7
Pages: 461-7
Publication
First Author: Finnegan A
Year: 2002
Journal: J Immunol
Title: IL-4 and IL-12 regulate proteoglycan-induced arthritis through Stat-dependent mechanisms.
Volume: 169
Issue: 6
Pages: 3345-52
Publication
First Author: King A
Year: 2017
Journal: PLoS Genet
Title: Dynein light chain regulates adaptive and innate B cell development by distinctive genetic mechanisms.
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
Pages: e1007010
Publication
First Author: Reizer A
Year: 1991
Journal: Mol Microbiol
Title: Analysis of the gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis.
Volume: 5
Issue: 5
Pages: 1081-9
Publication
First Author: Chen Z
Year: 2006
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells.
Volume: 103
Issue: 21
Pages: 8137-42
Publication
First Author: Mezydlo A
Year: 2023
Journal: Neuron
Title: Remyelination by surviving oligodendrocytes is inefficient in the inflamed mammalian cortex.
Volume: 111
Issue: 11
Pages: 1748-1759.e8
Publication
First Author: Lonnemann N
Year: 2020
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor OLT1177 rescues cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Volume: 117
Issue: 50
Pages: 32145-32154
Publication
First Author: Herrmann A
Year: 2007
Journal: FASEB J
Title: Characterization of cyclin L1 as an immobile component of the splicing factor compartment.
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Pages: 3142-52
Publication
First Author: Heyde A
Year: 2021
Journal: Cell
Title: Increased stem cell proliferation in atherosclerosis accelerates clonal hematopoiesis.
Volume: 184
Issue: 5
Pages: 1348-1361.e22
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions, including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. They show considerable diversity at the sequence level, on the basis of which they can be separated into distinct groups []. The term clan can be used to describe the GPCRs, as they embrace a group of families for which there are indications of evolutionary relationship, but between which there is no statistically significant similarity in sequence []. The currently known clan members include rhodopsin-like GPCRs (Class A, GPCRA), secretin-like GPCRs (Class B, GPCRB), metabotropic glutamate receptor family (Class C, GPCRC), fungal mating pheromone receptors (Class D, GPCRD), cAMP receptors (Class E, GPCRE) and frizzled/smoothened (Class F, GPCRF) [, , , , ]. GPCRs are major drug targets, and are consequently the subject of considerable research interest. It has been reported that the repertoire of GPCRs for endogenous ligands consists of approximately 400 receptors in humans and mice []. Most GPCRs are identified on the basis of their DNA sequences, rather than the ligand they bind, those that are unmatched to known natural ligands are designated by as orphan GPCRs, or unclassified GPCRs [].The rhodopsin-like GPCRs (GPCRA) represent a widespread protein family that includes hormone, neurotransmitter and light receptors, all of which transduce extracellular signals through interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices [, , ].Endothelins are able to activate a number of signal transduction processes including phospholipase A2, phospholipase C and phospholipase D, as well as cytosolic protein kinase activation. The play an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system [, , ]and are the most potent vasoconstrictors identified, stimulating cardiac contraction, regulating the release of vasoactive substances, and stimulating mitogenesis in blood vessels [, ]. As a result, endothelins are implicated in a number of vascular diseases, including the heart, general circulation and brain [, , ]. Endothelins stimulate the contraction in almost all other smooth muscles (e.g., uterus, bronchus, vas deferens, stomach) and stimulate secretion in several tissues e.g., kidney, liver and adrenals [, , ]. Endothelins have also been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions associated with stress including hypertension, myocardial infarction, subarachnoid haemorrhage and renal failure [].Two endothelin receptor subtypes have been isolated and identified, endothelin A receptor(ETA) and endothelin B receptor (ETB) [, , , ], and are members of the seven transmembrane rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCRA) which stimulate multiple effectors via several types of G protein []. ETA and ETB receptors are both widely distributed, ETA receptors are mainly located on vascular smooth muscle cells, whereas ETB receptors are present on endothelial cells lining the vessel wall. Endothelin receptors have also been found in the brain, e.g. cerebral cortex, cerebellum and glial cells [, ]. ETA receptors are considered to be the primary vasoconstrictor and growth-promoting receptor, and the binding of endothelin to ETA increases vasoconstriction (contraction of the blood vessel walls) and the retention of sodium, leading to increased blood pressure []. Endothelin B receptor on the other hand not only inhibits cell growth and vasoconstriction in the vascular system but also functions as a "clearance receptor". This receptor-mediated clearance mechanism is particularly important in the lung, which clears about 80% of circulating endothelin-1 [, ].Both receptors are localised to non-vascular structures such as epithelial cells as well as occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) on glial cells and neurones, where they are thought to mediate neurotransmission and vascular functions [].This entry represents the endothelin A receptor.
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: The IA3 polypeptide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (also known as Pai3) is an 8kDa inhibitor of the vacuolar aspartic proteinase (proteinase A or saccharopepsin, MEROPS peptidase family A1). It belongs to MEROPS inhibitor family I34, clan JA. No other aspartic proteinase has been found to be inhibited by IA3, and at least 15 aspartic proteinases related to YprA cleave IA3 as a substrate. Ligand- free IA3 has little intrinsic secondary structure, however, upon contact with proteinase A, residues 2-32 of the inhibitor become ordered and adopt a near perfect α-helical conformation occupying the active site cleft of the enzyme. This potent, specific interaction is directed primarily by hydrophobic interactions made by three key features in the inhibitory sequence [].
Protein Domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents a sub-group of peptidase C39 homologues in which the proposed protease active site is not conserved. Peptidase family C39 mostly contains bacteriocin-processing endopeptidases from bacteria []. The cysteine peptidases in family C39 cleave the 'double-glycine' leader peptides from the precursors of various bacteriocins (mostly non-lantibiotic). The cleavage is mediated by the transporter as part of the secretion process. Bacteriocins are antibiotic proteins secreted by some species of bacteria that inhibit the growth of other bacterial species. The bacteriocin is synthesized as a precursor with an N-terminal leader peptide, and processing involves removal of the leader peptide by cleavage at a Gly-Gly bond, followed by translocation of the mature bacteriocin across the cytoplasmic membrane. Most endopeptidases of family C39 are N-terminal domains in larger proteins (ABC transporters) that serve both functions [, ].
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: This family of bacterial proteins includes DNA processing protein A (DprA) from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Smf, the Bacillus subtilis orthologue. DprA is a new member of the recombination-mediator protein family, dedicated to natural bacterial transformation []. In Helicobacter pylori, DprA is required for natural chromosomal and plasmid transformation []. It has now been shown that DprA binds cooperatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and interacts with RecA. In the process, DprA-RecA-ssDNA filaments are produced and these filaments catalyse the homology-dependent formation of joint molecules. While the Escherichia coli SSB protein limits access of RecA to ssDNA, DprA alleviates this barrier []. DprA has a role not only in ensuring production of transformants via interaction with RecA, it is also involved in competence shut-off via interaction with ComE [].
Publication
First Author: Greenbaum A
Year: 2013
Journal: Nature
Title: CXCL12 in early mesenchymal progenitors is required for haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance.
Volume: 495
Issue: 7440
Pages: 227-30
Publication
First Author: Álvarez-Aznar A
Year: 2020
Journal: Transgenic Res
Title: Tamoxifen-independent recombination of reporter genes limits lineage tracing and mosaic analysis using CreERT2 lines.
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 53-68
Publication
First Author: Mamgain A
Year: 2021
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: RFamide-Related Peptide Neurons Modulate Reproductive Function and Stress Responses.
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 474-488
Protein Coding Gene
Type: protein_coding_gene
Organism: mouse, laboratory
Publication
First Author: Laurin M
Year: 2013
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK1 is a critical regulator of HER2-mediated breast cancer metastasis.
Volume: 110
Issue: 18
Pages: 7434-9
Publication
First Author: Magalhaes JG
Year: 2011
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Nucleotide oligomerization domain-containing proteins instruct T cell helper type 2 immunity through stromal activation.
Volume: 108
Issue: 36
Pages: 14896-901
Publication
First Author: Tai X
Year: 2007
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Induction of autoimmune disease in CTLA-4-/- mice depends on a specific CD28 motif that is required for in vivo costimulation.
Volume: 104
Issue: 34
Pages: 13756-61
Publication
First Author: Zhou A
Year: 2003
Journal: Nat Struct Biol
Title: How vitronectin binds PAI-1 to modulate fibrinolysis and cell migration.
Volume: 10
Issue: 7
Pages: 541-4
Publication
First Author: Jia Y
Year: 2020
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: A retinal circuit for the suppressed-by-contrast receptive field of a polyaxonal amacrine cell.
Volume: 117
Issue: 17
Pages: 9577-9583
Protein Coding Gene
Type: protein_coding_gene
Organism: mouse, laboratory
Publication
First Author: Tochitsky I
Year: 2014
Journal: Neuron
Title: Restoring visual function to blind mice with a photoswitch that exploits electrophysiological remodeling of retinal ganglion cells.
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
Pages: 800-13
Publication
First Author: Hardisty-Hughes RE
Year: 2010
Journal: Nat Protoc
Title: A hearing and vestibular phenotyping pipeline to identify mouse mutants with hearing impairment.
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 177-90
Publication
First Author: Rattner A
Year: 2004
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Proteolytic shedding of the extracellular domain of photoreceptor cadherin. Implications for outer segment assembly.
Volume: 279
Issue: 40
Pages: 42202-10
Publication
First Author: McMahon A
Year: 2011
Journal: J Lipid Res
Title: Epidermal expression of an Elovl4 transgene rescues neonatal lethality of homozygous Stargardt disease-3 mice.
Volume: 52
Issue: 6
Pages: 1128-38
Publication
First Author: Derenne A
Year: 2007
Journal: Physiol Behav
Title: Weaver mutant mice exhibit long-term learning deficits under several measures of instrumental behavior.
Volume: 92
Issue: 5
Pages: 1002-9
Publication
First Author: Kato A
Year: 2002
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: Specific role of interleukin-1 in hepatic neutrophil recruitment after ischemia/reperfusion.
Volume: 161
Issue: 5
Pages: 1797-803
Publication
First Author: Di A
Year: 2017
Journal: J Cell Sci
Title: Role of the phagosomal redox-sensitive TRP channel TRPM2 in regulating bactericidal activity of macrophages.
Volume: 130
Issue: 4
Pages: 735-744
Publication
First Author: Furukawa A
Year: 2002
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: The mouse Crx 5'-upstream transgene sequence directs cell-specific and developmentally regulated expression in retinal photoreceptor cells.
Volume: 22
Issue: 5
Pages: 1640-7
Publication
First Author: Solowiej A
Year: 2003
Journal: Am J Pathol
Title: Lack of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 attenuates foreign body inflammation because of decreased angiogenesis.
Volume: 162
Issue: 3
Pages: 953-62
Publication
First Author: Baldán A
Year: 2008
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Loss of ABCG1 results in chronic pulmonary inflammation.
Volume: 180
Issue: 5
Pages: 3560-8
Publication
First Author: Sanchez P
Year: 1987
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Structure of a third murine immunoglobulin lambda light chain variable region that is expressed in laboratory mice.
Volume: 84
Issue: 24
Pages: 9185-8
Publication
First Author: Alonso A
Year: 2004
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: VHY, a novel myristoylated testis-restricted dual specificity protein phosphatase related to VHX.
Volume: 279
Issue: 31
Pages: 32586-91
Publication
First Author: Smogorzewska A
Year: 2007
Journal: Cell
Title: Identification of the FANCI protein, a monoubiquitinated FANCD2 paralog required for DNA repair.
Volume: 129
Issue: 2
Pages: 289-301
Publication
First Author: Wood A
Year: 2003
Journal: Mol Cell
Title: Bre1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for recruitment and substrate selection of Rad6 at a promoter.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 267-74
Publication
First Author: Goulet A
Year: 2010
Journal: J Virol
Title: ORF157 from the archaeal virus Acidianus filamentous virus 1 defines a new class of nuclease.
Volume: 84
Issue: 10
Pages: 5025-31
Publication
First Author: Fütterer A
Year: 2017
Journal: Stem Cell Reports
Title: DIDO as a Switchboard that Regulates Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Embryonic Stem Cells.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: 1062-1075
Publication
First Author: Glithero A
Year: 1999
Journal: Immunity
Title: Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-74
Publication
First Author: Meixner A
Year: 2011
Journal: Mol Cell Proteomics
Title: A QUICK screen for Lrrk2 interaction partners--leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: M110.001172
Publication
First Author: Valaperti A
Year: 2013
Journal: Circulation
Title: Innate immune interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 exacerbates viral myocarditis by reducing CCR5(+) CD11b(+) monocyte migration and impairing interferon production.
Volume: 128
Issue: 14
Pages: 1542-54
Publication
First Author: Antov A
Year: 2003
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Essential role for STAT5 signaling in CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cell homeostasis and the maintenance of self-tolerance.
Volume: 171
Issue: 7
Pages: 3435-41
Publication
First Author: Carrier-Ruiz A
Year: 2021
Journal: STAR Protoc
Title: Calcium imaging of adult-born neurons in freely moving mice.
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Pages: 100238
Publication
First Author: Sen A
Year: 2012
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: Apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3) but not ApoE4 protects against synaptic loss through increased expression of protein kinase C epsilon.
Volume: 287
Issue: 19
Pages: 15947-58
Publication  
First Author: Mo A
Year: 2016
Journal: Elife
Title: Epigenomic landscapes of retinal rods and cones.
Volume: 5
Pages: e11613
Publication
First Author: Martin Vázquez E
Year: 2022
Journal: iScience
Title: NR5A2/LRH-1 regulates the PTGS2-PGE2-PTGER1 pathway contributing to pancreatic islet survival and function.
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 104345
Publication
First Author: Zhang Z
Year: 2019
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Dermal adipose tissue has high plasticity and undergoes reversible dedifferentiation in mice.
Volume: 129
Issue: 12
Pages: 5327-5342
Publication
First Author: Kehayova P
Year: 2011
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Regulatory elements required for the activation and repression of the protocadherin-alpha gene cluster.
Volume: 108
Issue: 41
Pages: 17195-200
Publication
First Author: Sente A
Year: 2022
Journal: Nature
Title: Differential assembly diversifies GABA(A) receptor structures and signalling.
Volume: 604
Issue: 7904
Pages: 190-194
Publication
First Author: Kita A
Year: 2007
Journal: Mol Endocrinol
Title: Hes1 and Hes5 control the progenitor pool, intermediate lobe specification, and posterior lobe formation in the pituitary development.
Volume: 21
Issue: 6
Pages: 1458-66
Publication
First Author: ter Brugge PJ
Year: 2009
Journal: Blood
Title: A mouse model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on expression of the SV40 large T antigen.
Volume: 114
Issue: 1
Pages: 119-27
Publication
First Author: Voss JE
Year: 2010
Journal: Nature
Title: Glycoprotein organization of Chikungunya virus particles revealed by X-ray crystallography.
Volume: 468
Issue: 7324
Pages: 709-12
Publication
First Author: Majdalawieh A
Year: 2007
Journal: Mol Biol Cell
Title: Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein-1 promotes macrophage inflammatory responsiveness by up-regulating NF-kappaB via IkappaBalpha negative regulation.
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 930-42
Publication
First Author: Cohen L
Year: 1994
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Transcriptional activation of a ras-like gene (kir) by oncogenic tyrosine kinases.
Volume: 91
Issue: 26
Pages: 12448-52
Publication
First Author: Brown CB
Year: 2005
Journal: Genesis
Title: Identification of a hypaxial somite enhancer element regulating Pax3 expression in migrating myoblasts and characterization of hypaxial muscle Cre transgenic mice.
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 202-9
Publication
First Author: Terem A
Year: 2020
Journal: Curr Biol
Title: Claustral Neurons Projecting to Frontal Cortex Mediate Contextual Association of Reward.
Volume: 30
Issue: 18
Pages: 3522-3532.e6
Publication
First Author: Studer A
Year: 1999
Journal: Eur J Biochem
Title: Properties of the methylcobalamin:H4folate methyltransferase involved in chloromethane utilization by Methylobacterium sp. strain CM4.
Volume: 264
Issue: 1
Pages: 242-9