Type |
Details |
Score |
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4416002 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2012-06-12 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:1768022 |
|
Stage: |
TS22 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5421801 |
Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
|
Note: |
Expression was not detected in the skull (base and vault). |
Specimen Label: |
EG1780; Specimen G0561 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
GXD Expression |
Probe: |
MGI:4416002 |
Assay Type: |
RNA in situ |
Annotation Date: |
2012-06-12 |
Strength: |
Absent |
Sex: |
Not Specified |
Emaps: |
EMAPS:2672022 |
|
Stage: |
TS22 |
Assay Id: |
MGI:5421801 |
Age: |
embryonic day 14.5 |
|
Note: |
Expression was not detected in whisker follicle. |
Specimen Label: |
EG1780; Specimen G0561 |
Detected: |
false |
Specimen Num: |
1 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Burow K |
Year: |
1977 |
Journal: |
Mouse News Lett |
Title: |
Ak-1 |
Volume: |
56 |
|
Pages: |
65 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Fournier RE |
Year: |
1983 |
Journal: |
Somatic Cell Genet |
Title: |
Complementation mapping in microcell hybrids: localization of Fpgs and Ak-1 on Mus musculus chromosome 2. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
69-84 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gustafson LA |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol |
Title: |
Activation time of myocardial oxidative phosphorylation in creatine kinase and adenylate kinase knockout mice. |
Volume: |
282 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
H2259-64 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kuiper JW |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
Local ATP generation by brain-type creatine kinase (CK-B) facilitates cell motility. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
e5030 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cox DR |
Year: |
1982 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Assignment of the gene for beta 2-microglobulin (B2m) to mouse chromosome 2. |
Volume: |
79 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1930-4 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Guo L |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
J Immunol |
Title: |
CaMKIα regulates AMP kinase-dependent, TORC-1-independent autophagy during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung neutrophilic inflammation. |
Volume: |
190 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
3620-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Malas S |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Mamm Genome |
Title: |
The isolation and mapping of PCR markers specific to mouse Chromosome 2. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
145-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schäfer R |
Year: |
1980 |
Journal: |
Somatic Cell Genet |
Title: |
Assignment of the gene for cytoplasmic glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase to mouse chromosome 19 using chinese hamster x mouse somatic cell hybrids. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
709-17 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kasahara M |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Chromosomal localization of the proteasome Z subunit gene reveals an ancient chromosomal duplication involving the major histocompatibility complex. |
Volume: |
93 |
Issue: |
17 |
Pages: |
9096-101 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kim HJ |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
Conditional deletion of pten leads to defects in nerve innervation and neuronal survival in inner ear development. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
e55609 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Francke U |
Year: |
1977 |
Journal: |
Cytogenet Cell Genet |
Title: |
Gene mapping in Mus musculus by interspecific cell hybridization: assignment of the genes for tripeptidase-1 to chromosome 10, dipeptidase-2 to chromosome 18, acid phosphatase-1 to chromosome 12, and adenylate kinase-1 to chromosome 2. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
2-3 |
Pages: |
57-84 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Stallings RL |
Year: |
1981 |
Journal: |
Somatic Cell Genet |
Title: |
Confirmational, provisional, and/or regional assignment of 15 enzyme loci onto Chinese hamster autosomes 1, 2, and 7. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
683-98 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pilz A |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Genomics |
Title: |
Genetic linkage analysis of the Ak1, Col5a1, Epb7.2, Fpgs, Grp78, Pbx3, and Notch1 genes in the region of mouse chromosome 2 homologous to human chromosome 9q. |
Volume: |
21 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
104-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sharma N |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Tpbpa-Cre-mediated deletion of TFAP2C leads to deregulation of Cdkn1a, Akt1 and the ERK pathway, causing placental growth arrest. |
Volume: |
143 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
787-98 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bonhomme F |
Year: |
1984 |
Journal: |
Biochem Genet |
Title: |
Biochemical diversity and evolution in the genus Mus. |
Volume: |
22 |
Issue: |
3-4 |
Pages: |
275-303 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pilz A |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Mouse Genome |
Title: |
High resolution genetic linkage analysis of mouse Chromosome 2 in the region of homology with human Chromosome 9 |
Volume: |
94 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
877-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kannan K |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Oncogene |
Title: |
DNA microarray analysis of genes involved in p53 mediated apoptosis: activation of Apaf-1. |
Volume: |
20 |
Issue: |
26 |
Pages: |
3449-55 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Rowe LB |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Mamm Genome |
Title: |
Maps from two interspecific backcross DNA panels available as a community genetic mapping resource. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
253-74 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pilz A |
Year: |
1995 |
Journal: |
Genomics |
Title: |
Comparative mapping of 50 human chromosome 9 loci in the laboratory mouse. |
Volume: |
25 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
139-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Rutledge EA |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Cellular heterogeneity in the ureteric progenitor niche and distinct profiles of branching morphogenesis in organ development. |
Volume: |
144 |
Issue: |
17 |
Pages: |
3177-3188 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt curators |
Year: |
2014 |
|
Title: |
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by transferring manual GO annotations between related proteins based on shared sequence features |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Koss M |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
Congenital asplenia in mice and humans with mutations in a Pbx/Nkx2-5/p15 module. |
Volume: |
22 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
913-26 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice |
Year: |
1993 |
|
Title: |
Nomenclature rule change to delete hyphens and parentheses from mouse locus symbols |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GO Central curators, GOA curators, Rhea curators |
Year: |
2020 |
|
Title: |
Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2003 |
|
Title: |
Data Curation Using Mouse Genome Assembly |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Hansen J |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
A large-scale, gene-driven mutagenesis approach for the functional analysis of the mouse genome. |
Volume: |
100 |
Issue: |
17 |
Pages: |
9918-22 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2016 |
|
Title: |
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Visel A |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Nucleic Acids Res |
Title: |
GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo. |
Volume: |
32 |
Issue: |
Database issue |
Pages: |
D552-6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
Alleles produced for the KOMP project by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2014 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
Year: |
2012 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators |
Year: |
2001 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zambrowicz BP |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: a gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. |
Volume: |
100 |
Issue: |
24 |
Pages: |
14109-14 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
GemPharmatech |
Year: |
2020 |
|
Title: |
GemPharmatech Website. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Skarnes WC |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. |
Volume: |
474 |
Issue: |
7351 |
Pages: |
337-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Gene Trap Data Load from dbGSS |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
AgBase, BHF-UCL, Parkinson's UK-UCL, dictyBase, HGNC, Roslin Institute, FlyBase and UniProtKB curators |
Year: |
2011 |
|
Title: |
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
UniProt-GOA |
Year: |
2012 |
|
Title: |
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Okazaki Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. |
Volume: |
420 |
Issue: |
6915 |
Pages: |
563-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
The Gene Ontology Consortium |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Diez-Roux G |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
e1000582 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2002 |
|
Title: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2). |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas |
Year: |
2010 |
|
Title: |
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Entrez Gene Load |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allen Institute for Brain Science |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Allen Institute |
Title: |
Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Consensus CDS project |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Group |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Database Procedure |
Title: |
Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bairoch A |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Database Release |
Title: |
Protein Ontology Association Load. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2005 |
|
Title: |
Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Database Download |
Title: |
Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cook PJ |
Year: |
1978 |
Journal: |
Ann Hum Genet |
Title: |
Segregation of ABO, AK1 and ACONs in families with abnormalities of chromosome 9. |
Volume: |
41 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
365-77 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ito C |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
MGI Direct Data Submission |
Title: |
The association of ODF4 with AK1 and AK2 in mice is essential for fertility through its contribution to flagellar shape. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
DO Term |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
Adenylate kinases (AKs) are nucleoside monophosphate kinases, which catalyse the phosphorylation of AMP by using ATP or GTP as phosphate donors. In humans, nine different AK isoenzymes have been identified (AK1-9). This entry includes AK1 and AK5. AK1 is the major cytosolic isoform and is present in all tissues with its highest expression levels in skeletal muscle, brain and erythrocytes []. AK5 expression is limited to brain tissue []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Allderdice PW |
Year: |
1986 |
Journal: |
Am J Hum Genet |
Title: |
Segregation of marker loci in families with an inherited paracentric insertion of chromosome 9. |
Volume: |
39 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
612-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Conserved_site |
Description: |
Aspartate kinase () (AK) catalyzes the first reaction in the aspartate pathway; the phosphorylation of aspartate. The product of this reaction can then be used in the biosynthesis of lysine or in the pathway leading to homoserine, which participates in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine and methionine [].In bacteria there are three different aspartate kinase isozymes which differ in sensitivity to repression and inhibition by Lys, Met and Thr. AK1 and AK2 are bifunctional enzymes which both consist of an N-terminal AK domain and a C-terminal homoserine dehydrogenase domain. AK1 is involved in threonine biosynthesis and AK2, in that of methionine. The third isozyme, AK3 is monofunctional and involved in lysine synthesis. In archaea and plants there may be a single isozyme of AK which in plants is multifunctional.This entry represents a region encoding aspartate kinase activity found in both the monofunctional and bifunctional enzymes.Synonym(s): Aspartokinase |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Rafalski JA |
Year: |
1988 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Structure of the yeast HOM3 gene which encodes aspartokinase. |
Volume: |
263 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2146-51 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
Bacteria, plants and fungi metabolise aspartic acid to produce four amino acids - lysine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine - in a series of reactions known as the aspartate pathway. Additionally, several important metabolic intermediates are produced by these reactions, such as diaminopimelic acid, an essential component of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, and dipicolinic acid, which is involved in sporulation in Gram-positive bacteria. Members of the animal kingdom do not posses this pathway and must therefore acquire these essential amino acids through their diet. Research into improving the metabolic flux through this pathway has the potential to increase the yield of the essential amino acids in important crops, thus improving their nutritional value. Additionally, since the enzymes are not present in animals, inhibitors of them are promising targets for the development of novel antibiotics and herbicides. For more information see [].Aspartate kinase () (AK) catalyzes the first reaction in the aspartate pathway; the phosphorylation of aspartate. The product of this reaction can then be used in the biosynthesis of lysine or in the pathway leading to homoserine, which participates in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine and methionine [].In bacteria there are three different aspartate kinase isozymes which differ in sensitivity to repression and inhibition by Lys, Met and Thr. AK1 and AK2 are bifunctional enzymes which both consist of an N-terminal AK domain and a C-terminal homoserine dehydrogenase domain. AK1 is involved in threonine biosynthesis and AK2, in that of methionine. The third isozyme, AK3 is monofunctional and involved in lysine synthesis. In archaea and plants there may be a single isozyme of AK which in plants is multifunctional. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pollock A |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Growth of the developing cerebral cortex is controlled by microRNA-7 through the p53 pathway. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1184-96 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Stallings RL |
Year: |
1982 |
Journal: |
J Hered |
Title: |
Assignment of ADA, ITPA, AK1, and AK2 to Chinese hamster chromosomes. Genetic and structural evidence for the conservation of mammalian autosomal synteny. |
Volume: |
73 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
399-404 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Smith CA |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
J Mol Biol |
Title: |
Calcium-mediated thermostability in the subtilisin superfamily: the crystal structure of Bacillus Ak.1 protease at 1.8 A resolution. |
Volume: |
294 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1027-40 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Dauter Z |
Year: |
1991 |
Journal: |
Acta Crystallogr B |
Title: |
Complex between the subtilisin from a mesophilic bacterium and the leech inhibitor eglin-C. |
Volume: |
47 ( Pt 5) |
|
Pages: |
707-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kleine R |
Year: |
1982 |
Journal: |
Acta Biol Med Ger |
Title: |
Properties of thermitase, a thermostable serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. |
Volume: |
41 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
89-102 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Dauter Z |
Year: |
1988 |
Journal: |
FEBS Lett |
Title: |
Crystal structure of a complex between thermitase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and the leech inhibitor eglin. |
Volume: |
236 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
171-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Peek K |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Appl Environ Microbiol |
Title: |
Some characteristics of a proteinase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. expressed in Escherichia coli: comparison with the native enzyme and its processing in E. coli and in vitro. |
Volume: |
59 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1168-75 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kamekura M |
Year: |
1996 |
Journal: |
Biochim Biophys Acta |
Title: |
Halolysin R4, a serine proteinase from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei; gene cloning, expression and structural studies. |
Volume: |
1294 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
159-67 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
This entry represents an S8 family domain found in thermitase as well as other thermostable subtilisin homologues, all of which are stablized by calcium ions [].Thermitase (MEROPS identifier S08.007) is a calcium-dependent, non-specific, serine protease from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The peptidase is maximally active between pH 7.5 and 9.5, and at 85 degrees Celsius. It cleaves a wide variety of proteins including native collagen and elastin []. The tertiary structure of thermitase is similar to that of subtilisin BPN' []. Mesentericopeptidase (MEROPS identifier S08.002) is from the mesophilic bacterium Bacillus mesentericus and has been crystallized []. Subtilisin Ak1 (MEROPS identifier S08.009) from Geobacillus stearothermophilis is stable at 70 degrees Celsius and maximally active at pH 7.5 []. From the crystal structure, subtilisin Ak1 possesses three calcium ions, only two of which correspond to positions in other thermostable subtilisins, and it is this third calcium that provides the greater thermostability []. Halolysin R4 (MEROPS identifier S08.102) from the halophilic archaean Haloferax mediterranei is also included in this entry, but unlike its bacterial relatives, its protein sequence has a long C-terminal extension which if removed abolishes peptidase activity [].This domain is part of a family of domains found in serine peptidases belonging to the MEROPS peptidase families S8 (subfamilies S8A (subtilisin) and S8B (kexin)) and S53 (sedolisin), both of which are members of clan SB [, , , ].Members of the peptidases S8 (subtilisin and kexin) and S53 (sedolisin) clan include endopeptidases and exopeptidases. The S8 family has an Asp/His/Ser catalytic triad similar to that found in trypsin-like proteases, but do not share their three-dimensional structure and are not homologous to trypsin. Serine acts as a nucleophile, aspartate as an electrophile, and histidine as a base. The S53 family contains a catalytic triad Glu/Asp/Ser with an additional acidic residue Asp in the oxyanion hole, similar to that of subtilisin. The serine residue here is the nucleophilic equivalent of the serine residue in the S8 family, while glutamic acid has the same role here as the histidine base. However, the aspartic acid residue that acts as an electrophile is quite different. In S53 it follows glutamic acid, while in S8 it precedes histidine. The stability of these enzymes may be enhanced by calcium, some members have been shown to bind up to 4 ions via binding sites with different affinity. There is a great diversity in the characteristics of their members: some contain disulfide bonds, some are intracellular while others are extracellular, some function at extreme temperatures, and others at high or low pH values [, , , ]. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Silva DF |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Mol Neurobiol |
Title: |
Mitochondrial Metabolism Power SIRT2-Dependent Deficient Traffic Causing Alzheimer's-Disease Related Pathology. |
Volume: |
54 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
4021-4040 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kurtzman AL |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Ubc9 interacts with a nuclear localization signal and mediates nuclear localization of the paired-like homeobox protein Vsx-1 independent of SUMO-1 modification. |
Volume: |
98 |
Issue: |
10 |
Pages: |
5602-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mohandas T |
Year: |
1979 |
Journal: |
Am J Hum Genet |
Title: |
Regional localization of human gene loci on chromosome 9: studies of somatic cell hybrids containing human translocations. |
Volume: |
31 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
586-600 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tanabe T |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
J Biochem |
Title: |
Tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of the genes encoding adenylate kinase isozymes. |
Volume: |
113 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
200-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Inouye S |
Year: |
1998 |
Journal: |
J Neurochem |
Title: |
Increase of adenylate kinase isozyme 1 protein during neuronal differentiation in mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells and in rat brain primary cultured cells. |
Volume: |
71 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
125-33 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zervou S |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Front Physiol |
Title: |
Subtle Role for Adenylate Kinase 1 in Maintaining Normal Basal Contractile Function and Metabolism in the Murine Heart. |
Volume: |
12 |
|
Pages: |
623969 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
562
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Barton DE |
Year: |
1987 |
Journal: |
Cytogenet Cell Genet |
Title: |
NEAS encoding a non-erthyroid alpha-spectrin is on Chromosome 9, region q33-q34 and on mouse Chromosome 2. |
Volume: |
46 |
|
Pages: |
578 (Abstr.) |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wlodawer A |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Acta Biochim Pol |
Title: |
Structural and enzymatic properties of the sedolisin family of serine-carboxyl peptidases. |
Volume: |
50 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
81-102 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Siezen RJ |
Year: |
1991 |
Journal: |
Protein Eng |
Title: |
Homology modelling and protein engineering strategy of subtilases, the family of subtilisin-like serine proteinases. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
719-37 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Van de Ven WJ |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Crit Rev Oncog |
Title: |
Structure and function of eukaryotic proprotein processing enzymes of the subtilisin family of serine proteases. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
115-36 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Viola RE |
Year: |
2001 |
Journal: |
Acc Chem Res |
Title: |
The central enzymes of the aspartate family of amino acid biosynthesis. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
339-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Siezen RJ |
Year: |
1997 |
Journal: |
Protein Sci |
Title: |
Subtilases: the superfamily of subtilisin-like serine proteases. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
501-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Rawlings ND |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Methods Enzymol |
Title: |
Families of serine peptidases. |
Volume: |
244 |
|
Pages: |
19-61 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Rawlings ND |
Year: |
1993 |
Journal: |
Biochem J |
Title: |
Evolutionary families of peptidases. |
Volume: |
290 ( Pt 1) |
|
Pages: |
205-18 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|