Type |
Details |
Score |
Publication |
First Author: |
CaƱizares MA |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
J Anat |
Title: |
Multiple steps characterise ventricular layer attrition to form the ependymal cell lining of the adult mouse spinal cord central canal. |
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pefani DE |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
Idas, a novel phylogenetically conserved geminin-related protein, binds to geminin and is required for cell cycle progression. |
Volume: |
286 |
Issue: |
26 |
Pages: |
23234-46 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ohno Y |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
Title: |
Hoxb4 transduction down-regulates Geminin protein, providing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with proliferation potential. |
Volume: |
107 |
Issue: |
50 |
Pages: |
21529-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Waning DL |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Blood |
Title: |
Cul4A is required for hematopoietic cell viability and its deficiency leads to apoptosis. |
Volume: |
112 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
320-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Srinivasan SV |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
Title: |
RB loss promotes aberrant ploidy by deregulating levels and activity of DNA replication factors. |
Volume: |
282 |
Issue: |
33 |
Pages: |
23867-77 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Chen P |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
PLoS One |
Title: |
Jnk2 effects on tumor development, genetic instability and replicative stress in an oncogene-driven mouse mammary tumor model. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e10443 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sakaue-Sawano A |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Visualizing developmentally programmed endoreplication in mammals using ubiquitin oscillators. |
Volume: |
140 |
Issue: |
22 |
Pages: |
4624-32 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Del Bene F |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Direct interaction of geminin and Six3 in eye development. |
Volume: |
427 |
Issue: |
6976 |
Pages: |
745-9 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shen L |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Cancer Res |
Title: |
Geminin functions downstream of p53 in K-ras-induced gene amplification of dihydrofolate reductase. |
Volume: |
72 |
Issue: |
23 |
Pages: |
6153-62 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yang YL |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
J Pathol |
Title: |
Lung tumourigenesis in a conditional Cul4A transgenic mouse model. |
Volume: |
233 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
113-23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Coding Gene |
Type: |
protein_coding_gene |
Organism: |
mouse, laboratory |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Carroll TD |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
J Cell Biol |
Title: |
Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells reside in an unlicensed G1 phase. |
Volume: |
217 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1667-1685 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Muta Y |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Composite regulation of ERK activity dynamics underlying tumour-specific traits in the intestine. |
Volume: |
9 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
2174 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Muench DE |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Mouse models of neutropenia reveal progenitor-stage-specific defects. |
Volume: |
582 |
Issue: |
7810 |
Pages: |
109-114 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
De Chiara L |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol |
Title: |
Polyploid tubular cells initiate a TGF-β1 controlled loop that sustains polyploidization and fibrosis after acute kidney injury. |
Volume: |
325 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
C849-C861 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bornes L |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Life Sci Alliance |
Title: |
Scratch-induced partial skin wounds re-epithelialize by sheets of independently migrating keratinocytes. |
Volume: |
4 |
Issue: |
1 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Osaki Y |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
JCI Insight |
Title: |
Blocking cell cycle progression through CDK4/6 protects against chronic kidney disease. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
12 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Spitzer SO |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Neuron |
Title: |
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Become Regionally Diverse and Heterogeneous with Age. |
Volume: |
101 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
459-471.e5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the pre-replication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp. This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].The GINS complex is essential for initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts []. This 100kDa stable complex includes Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. Homologues of these components are found also in other eukaryotes. This superfamily represents the Psf3 component. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the pre-replication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp. This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].The GINS complex is essential for initiation of DNA replication in Xenopusegg extracts []. This 100kDa stable complex includes Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. Homologues of these components are found also in other eukaryotes. This family of proteins represents the Psf3 component. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the prereplication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp.This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].The GINS complex is essential for initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts []. This 100kDa stable complex includes Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. Homologues of these components are found also in other eukaryotes. This family of proteins represents the Psf2 component. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the prereplication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp.This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].This family of proteins represents the PSF1 component (for partner of SLD five) of the GINS complex. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Leung W |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cancer Discov |
Title: |
SETD2 Haploinsufficiency Enhances Germinal Center-Associated AICDA Somatic Hypermutation to Drive B-cell Lymphomagenesis. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1782-1803 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Miyao T |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
Integrative analysis of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq revealed transit-amplifying thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator. |
Volume: |
11 |
|
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Medina Rangel PX |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
J Am Soc Nephrol |
Title: |
Cell Cycle and Senescence Regulation by Podocyte Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2. |
Volume: |
34 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
433-450 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tian X |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
Profilin1 is required for prevention of mitotic catastrophe in murine and human glomerular diseases. |
Volume: |
133 |
Issue: |
24 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
De Chiara L |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Tubular cell polyploidy protects from lethal acute kidney injury but promotes consequent chronic kidney disease. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
5805 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Krotenberg Garcia A |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
iScience |
Title: |
Cell competition promotes metastatic intestinal cancer through a multistage process. |
Volume: |
27 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
109718 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Murata T |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration at a single cell level precedes morphological changes of epidermal keratinocytes during cornification. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
6610 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mort RL |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Cell Cycle |
Title: |
Fucci2a: a bicistronic cell cycle reporter that allows Cre mediated tissue specific expression in mice. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
17 |
Pages: |
2681-96 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kubota Y |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
A novel ring-like complex of Xenopus proteins essential for the initiation of DNA replication. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
1141-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Takayama Y |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
GINS, a novel multiprotein complex required for chromosomal DNA replication in budding yeast. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
1153-65 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
196
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
163
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
168
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Marinsek N |
Year: |
2006 |
Journal: |
EMBO Rep |
Title: |
GINS, a central nexus in the archaeal DNA replication fork. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
539-45 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
216
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
144
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the pre-replication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp. This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].The GINS complex is essential for initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts []. This 100kDa stable complex includes Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. Homologues of these components are found also in other eukaryotes []. The archaeal GINS complex contains two subunits (SSO0772/gins23 and SO1049/gins15 in Sulfolobus) that are poorly conserved homologues of the eukaryotic GINS subunits []. Only Gins23 is included in this entry.The eukaryotic GINS subunits are homologous. The four subunits of the complex consist of two domains each, termed the α-helical (A) and β-strand (B) domains. The A and B domains of Sld5/Psf1 are permuted with respect to Psf1/Psf3 []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
DNA replication in eukaryotes results from a highly coordinated interaction between proteins, often as part of protein complexes, and the DNA template. One of the key early steps leading to DNA replication is formation of the pre-replication complex, or pre-RC. The pre-RC is formed by the sequential binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins, and the MCM complex. Activation of the pre-RC into the initiation complex (IC) is achieved via the action of S-phase kinases, eventually leading to the loading of the replication machinery.Recently, a novel replication complex, GINS (for Go, Ichi, Nii, and San; five, one, two, and three in Japanese), has been identified [, ]. The precise function of GINS is not known. However, genetic and two-hybrid interactions indicate that it mediates the loading of the enzymatic replication machinery at a step after the action of the S-phase kinases []. Furthermore, GINS may be a part of the replication machinery itself, since it is found associated with replicating DNA [, ]. Electron microscopy of GINS shows that it forms a ring-like structure [], reminiscent of the structure of PCNA [], the DNA polymerase delta replication clamp. This observation, coupled with the observed interactions for GINS, indicates that the complex may represent the replication clamp for DNA polymerase epsilon [].The GINS complex is essential for initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts []. This 100kDa stable complex includes Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3. Homologues of these components are found also in other eukaryotes []. The archaeal GINS complex contains two subunits (SSO0772/gins23 and SO1049/gins15 in Sulfolobus) that are poorly conserved homologues of the eukaryotic GINS subunits []. Only Gins23 is included in this entry.The eukaryotic GINS subunits are homologous. The four subunits of the complex consist of two domains each, termed the α-helical (A) and β-strand (B) domains. The A and B domains of Sld5/Psf1 are permuted with respect to Psf1/Psf3 []. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
185
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Glover JD |
Year: |
2015 |
Journal: |
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res |
Title: |
Maintenance of distinct melanocyte populations in the interfollicular epidermis. |
Volume: |
28 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
476-80 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ichijo R |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Tbx3-dependent amplifying stem cell progeny drives interfollicular epidermal expansion during pregnancy and regeneration. |
Volume: |
8 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
508 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Collins A |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
Maternal inflammation regulates fetal emergency myelopoiesis. |
Volume: |
187 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1402-1421.e21 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Borisova E |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Protein translation rate determines neocortical neuron fate. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
4879 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
McGinn J |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Nat Cell Biol |
Title: |
A biomechanical switch regulates the transition towards homeostasis in oesophageal epithelium. |
Volume: |
23 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
511-525 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Matsu-Ura T |
Year: |
2016 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
Intercellular Coupling of the Cell Cycle and Circadian Clock in Adult Stem Cell Culture. |
Volume: |
64 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
900-912 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
PivoÅkovĆ” H |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Heterogeneity in oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation is dynamic and driven by passive bioelectrical properties. |
Volume: |
43 |
Issue: |
11 |
Pages: |
114873 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ford MJ |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
A Cell/Cilia Cycle Biosensor for Single-Cell Kinetics Reveals Persistence of Cilia after G1/S Transition Is a General Property in Cells and Mice. |
Volume: |
47 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
509-523.e5 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Krishna TS |
Year: |
1994 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
Crystal structure of the eukaryotic DNA polymerase processivity factor PCNA. |
Volume: |
79 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
1233-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kawakami H |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Biochem Cell Biol |
Title: |
DnaA, ORC, and Cdc6: similarity beyond the domains of life and diversity. |
Volume: |
88 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
49-62 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Duncker BP |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Genome Biol |
Title: |
The origin recognition complex protein family. |
Volume: |
10 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
214 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Borlado LR |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Carcinogenesis |
Title: |
CDC6: from DNA replication to cell cycle checkpoints and oncogenesis. |
Volume: |
29 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
237-43 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pelizon C |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Trends Cell Biol |
Title: |
Down to the origin: Cdc6 protein and the competence to replicate. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
110-3 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ofir Y |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Mol Biol Cell |
Title: |
The role and regulation of the preRC component Cdc6 in the initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
2230-42 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is a six-subunit ATP-dependent DNA-binding complex encoded in yeast by ORC1-6 []. ORC is a central component for eukaryotic DNA replication, and binds chromatin at replication origins throughout the cell cycle []. ORC directs DNA replication throughout the genome and is required for its initiation [, , ]. ORC bound at replication origins serves as the foundation for assembly of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC), which includes Cdc6, Tah11 (aka Cdt1), and the Mcm2-7 complex [, , ]. Pre-RC assembly during G1 is required for replication licensing of chromosomes prior to DNA synthesis during S phase [, , ]. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of ORC2, ORC6, Cdc6, and MCM by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28 regulates initiation of DNA replication, including blocking reinitiation in G2/M phase [, , , ]. In yeast, ORC also plays a role in the establishment of silencing at the mating-type loci Hidden MAT Left (HML) and Hidden MAT Right (HMR) [, , ]. ORC participates in the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin at HML and HMR by recruiting the Sir1 silencing protein to the HML and HMR silencers [, , ]. Both ORC1 and ORC5 bind ATP, although only ORC1 has ATPase activity []. The binding of ATP by ORC1 is required for ORC binding to DNA and is essential for cell viability []. The ATPase activity of ORC1 is involved in formation of the pre-RC [, , ]. ATP binding by ORC5 is crucial for the stability of ORC as a whole. Only the ORC1-5 subunits are required for origin binding; ORC6 is essential for maintenance of pre-RCs once formed []. Interactions within ORC suggest that ORC2-3-6 may form a core complex []. ORC homologues have been found in various eukaryotes, including fission yeast, insects, amphibians, and humans []. This entry represents subunit 6, which directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; interacts with Spp1 and with trimethylated histone H3; phosphorylated by Cdc28 [, ]. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast), both ends of the Orc6 interact with Cdt1 []and the N terminus mediates an interaction with the S-phase cyclin Clb5 []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Family |
Description: |
The Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is a six-subunit ATP-dependent DNA-binding complex encoded in yeast by ORC1-6 []. ORC is a central component for eukaryotic DNA replication, and binds chromatin at replication origins throughout the cell cycle []. ORC directs DNA replication throughout the genome and is required for its initiation [, , ]. ORC bound at replication origins serves as the foundation for assembly of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC), which includes Cdc6, Tah11 (aka Cdt1), and the Mcm2-7 complex [, , ]. Pre-RC assembly during G1 is required for replication licensing of chromosomes prior to DNA synthesis during S phase [, , ]. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of ORC2, ORC6, Cdc6, and MCM by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28 regulates initiation of DNA replication, including blocking reinitiation in G2/M phase [, , , ]. In yeast, ORC also plays a role in the establishment of silencing at the mating-type loci Hidden MAT Left (HML) and Hidden MAT Right (HMR) [, , ]. ORC participates in the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin at HML and HMR by recruiting the Sir1 silencing protein to the HML and HMR silencers [, , ]. Both ORC1 and ORC5 bind ATP, although only ORC1 has ATPase activity []. The binding of ATP by ORC1 is required for ORC binding to DNA and is essential for cell viability []. The ATPase activity of ORC1 is involved in formation of the pre-RC [, , ]. ATP binding by ORC5 is crucial for the stability of ORC as a whole. Only the ORC1-5 subunits are required for origin binding; ORC6 is essential for maintenance of pre-RCs once formed []. Interactions within ORC suggest that ORC2-3-6 may form a core complex []. ORC homologues have been found in various eukaryotes, including fission yeast, insects, amphibians, and humans []. This entry represents subunit 6, which directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; interacts with Spp1 and with trimethylated histone H3; phosphorylated by Cdc28 [, ]. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast), both ends of the Orc6 interact with Cdt1 []and the N terminus mediates an interaction with the S-phase cyclin Clb5 []. |
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Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
Cdc6 (also known as Cell division cycle 6 or Cdc18) functions as a regulator at the early stages of DNA replication, by helping to recruit and load the Minichromosome Maintenance Complex (MCM) onto DNA and may have additional roles in the control of mitotic entry. Precise duplication of chromosomal DNA is required for genomic stability during replication. Cdc6 has an essential role in DNA replication and irregular expression of Cdc6 may lead to genomic instability. Cdc6 over-expression is observed in many cancerous lesions. DNA replication begins when an origin recognition complex (ORC) binds to a replication origin site on the chromatin. Studies indicate that Cdc6 interacts with ORC through the Orc1 subunit, and that this association increases the specificity of the ORC-origins interaction. Further studies suggest that hydrolysis of Cdc6-bound ATP promotes the association of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 with origins through an interaction with Orc6 and this in turn promotes the loading of MCM2-7 helicase onto chromatin. The MCM2-7 complex promotes the unwinding of DNA origins, and the binding of additional factors to initiate the DNA replication. S-Cdk (S-phase cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase complex) prevents rereplication by causing the Cdc6 protein to dissociate from ORC and prevents the Cdc6 and MCM proteins from reassembling at any origin. By phosphorylating Cdc6, S-Cdk also triggers Cdc6's ubiquitination. The Cdc6 protein is composed of three domains, an N-terminal AAA+ domain with Walker A and B, and Sensor-1 and -2 motifs. The central region contains a conserved nucleotide binding/ATPase domain and is a member of the ATPase superfamily. [, , , , ].The C-terminal domain of cell division control protein 6 (CDC6) assumes a winged helix fold, with a five α-helical bundle (α15-α19) structure, backed on one side by three beta strands (β6-β8). It has been shown that this domain acts as a DNA-localisation factor, however its exact function is, as yet, unknown. Putative functions include: (1) mediation of protein-protein interactions and (2) regulation of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. Mutagenesis studies have shown that this domain is essential for appropriate CDC6 activity []. |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
223
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Ubersax JA |
Year: |
2003 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. |
Volume: |
425 |
Issue: |
6960 |
Pages: |
859-64 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wilmes GM |
Year: |
2004 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
Interaction of the S-phase cyclin Clb5 with an "RXL" docking sequence in the initiator protein Orc6 provides an origin-localized replication control switch. |
Volume: |
18 |
Issue: |
9 |
Pages: |
981-91 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kamada K |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Nat Struct Mol Biol |
Title: |
Structure of the human GINS complex and its assembly and functional interface in replication initiation. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
388-96 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Kohnke S |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Nutritional regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation regulates perineuronal net remodeling in the median eminence. |
Volume: |
36 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
109362 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Gupta K |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Hair Follicle Dermal Niche Molecular Differentiation Trajectory that Begins Prior to Morphogenesis. |
Volume: |
48 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
17-31.e6 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Qu R |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Dev Cell |
Title: |
Decomposing a deterministic path to mesenchymal niche formation by two intersecting morphogen gradients. |
Volume: |
57 |
Issue: |
8 |
Pages: |
1053-1067.e5 |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Renders S |
Year: |
2021 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Niche derived netrin-1 regulates hematopoietic stem cell dormancy via its receptor neogenin-1. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
608 |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Abe T |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Development |
Title: |
Visualization of cell cycle in mouse embryos with Fucci2 reporter directed by Rosa26 promoter. |
Volume: |
140 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
237-46 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wong FK |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Nature |
Title: |
Pyramidal cell regulation of interneuron survival sculpts cortical networks. |
Volume: |
557 |
Issue: |
7707 |
Pages: |
668-673 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Wong FK |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Serotonergic regulation of bipolar cell survival in the developing cerebral cortex. |
Volume: |
40 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
111037 |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Cattaneo P |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
DOT1L regulates chamber-specific transcriptional networks during cardiogenesis and mediates postnatal cell cycle withdrawal. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
7444 |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Zhu F |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Spatiotemporal resolution of germinal center Tfh cell differentiation and divergence from central memory CD4(+) T cell fate. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
3611 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Melica ME |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Sci Transl Med |
Title: |
Differentiation of crescent-forming kidney progenitor cells into podocytes attenuates severe glomerulonephritis in mice. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
657 |
Pages: |
eabg3277 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Biggs LC |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
Hair follicle dermal condensation forms via Fgf20 primed cell cycle exit, cell motility, and aggregation. |
Volume: |
7 |
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Liu J |
Year: |
2000 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell |
Title: |
Structure and function of Cdc6/Cdc18: implications for origin recognition and checkpoint control. |
Volume: |
6 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
637-48 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Bell SP |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Genes Dev |
Title: |
The origin recognition complex: from simple origins to complex functions. |
Volume: |
16 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
659-72 |
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•
•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Lan Q |
Year: |
2024 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
Mesenchyme instructs growth while epithelium directs branching in the mouse mammary gland. |
Volume: |
13 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
Venturutti L |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
TBL1XR1 Mutations Drive Extranodal Lymphoma by Inducing a Pro-tumorigenic Memory Fate. |
Volume: |
182 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
297-316.e27 |
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Publication |
First Author: |
BƩguelin W |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Cancer Cell |
Title: |
Mutant EZH2 Induces a Pre-malignant Lymphoma Niche by Reprogramming the Immune Response. |
Volume: |
37 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
655-673.e11 |
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•
•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
MyllymƤki SM |
Year: |
2023 |
Journal: |
J Cell Biol |
Title: |
Spatially coordinated cell cycle activity and motility govern bifurcation of mammary branches. |
Volume: |
222 |
Issue: |
9 |
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•
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Han S |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Cell Stem Cell |
Title: |
Defining the Identity and Dynamics of Adult Gastric Isthmus Stem Cells. |
Volume: |
25 |
Issue: |
3 |
Pages: |
342-356.e7 |
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•
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•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Llorca A |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Elife |
Title: |
A stochastic framework of neurogenesis underlies the assembly of neocortical cytoarchitecture. |
Volume: |
8 |
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
262
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
156
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
262
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
197
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
160
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
562
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
589
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
489
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
821
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
840
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
821
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
821
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
811
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
•
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Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
811
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
805
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
840
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
840
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
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•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
794
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
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•
•
•
•
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Publication |
First Author: |
Chesnokov IN |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Int Rev Cytol |
Title: |
Multiple functions of the origin recognition complex. |
Volume: |
256 |
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Pages: |
69-109 |
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