| Type |
Details |
Score |
| Publication |
| First Author: |
Smirnov AV |
| Year: |
2022 |
| Journal: |
Sci Rep |
| Title: |
Evaluation of the α-casein (CSN1S1) locus as a potential target for a site-specific transgene integration. |
| Volume: |
12 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
7983 |
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| Protein Domain |
| Type: |
Family |
| Description: |
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic defense mechanism against foreign genetic elements. The key elements of this defense system are the Cas proteins and the CRISPR RNA. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are a family of DNA direct repeats separated by regularly sized non-repetitive spacer sequences that are found in most bacterial and archaeal genomes []. CRISPRs appear to provide acquired resistance against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA).The defense reaction is divided into three stages. In the adaptation stage, the invader DNA is cleaved, and a piece of it is selected to be integrated as a new spacer into the CRISPR locus, where it is stored as an identity tag for future attacks by this invader. During the second stage (the expression stage), the CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA) is transcribed and subsequently processed into the mature crRNAs. In the third stage (the interference stage), Cas proteins, together with crRNAs, identify and degrade the invader [, , ].The CRISPR-Cas systems have been sorted into three major classes. In CRISPR-Cas types I and III, the mature crRNA is generally generated by a member of the Cas6 protein family. Whereas in system III the Cas6 protein acts alone, in some class I systems it is part of a complex of Cas proteins known as Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense). The Cas6 protein is an endoribonuclease necessary for crRNA production whereas the additional Cas proteins that form the Cascade complex are needed for crRNA stability []. This entry represents the Csn2 family of Cas proteins, which are found only in CRISPR-containing species, near other CRISPR-associated proteins (cas), as part of the NMENI subtype of CRISPR/Cas loci. The species range so far for this subtype is animal pathogens and commensals only. This protein is present in some but not all NMENI CRISPR/Cas loci. |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Bornstein C |
| Year: |
2018 |
| Journal: |
Nature |
| Title: |
Single-cell mapping of the thymic stroma identifies IL-25-producing tuft epithelial cells. |
| Volume: |
559 |
| Issue: |
7715 |
| Pages: |
622-626 |
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•
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Vobořil M |
| Year: |
2022 |
| Journal: |
Elife |
| Title: |
A model of preferential pairing between epithelial and dendritic cells in thymic antigen transfer. |
| Volume: |
11 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Kunin V |
| Year: |
2007 |
| Journal: |
Genome Biol |
| Title: |
Evolutionary conservation of sequence and secondary structures in CRISPR repeats. |
| Volume: |
8 |
| Issue: |
4 |
| Pages: |
R61 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Barrangou R |
| Year: |
2007 |
| Journal: |
Science |
| Title: |
CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. |
| Volume: |
315 |
| Issue: |
5819 |
| Pages: |
1709-12 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Makarova KS |
| Year: |
2006 |
| Journal: |
Biol Direct |
| Title: |
A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action. |
| Volume: |
1 |
|
| Pages: |
7 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Howard JA |
| Year: |
2011 |
| Journal: |
Biochem J |
| Title: |
Helicase dissociation and annealing of RNA-DNA hybrids by Escherichia coli Cas3 protein. |
| Volume: |
439 |
| Issue: |
1 |
| Pages: |
85-95 |
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| Publication |
| First Author: |
Brendel J |
| Year: |
2014 |
| Journal: |
J Biol Chem |
| Title: |
A complex of Cas proteins 5, 6, and 7 is required for the biogenesis and stability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-derived rnas (crrnas) in Haloferax volcanii. |
| Volume: |
289 |
| Issue: |
10 |
| Pages: |
7164-77 |
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