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Search results 2201 to 2300 out of 3232 for Erg

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Type Details Score
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_05
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_05
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 6
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_06
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_06
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 7
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_07
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_07
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 8
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_08
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_08
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 9
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_09
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_09
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 10
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_10
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_10
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 11
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_11
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_11
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 12
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_12
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_12
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 13
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_13
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_13
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 14
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_14
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_14
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 15
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1755823
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_15
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_15
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 16
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_08
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_08
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 6
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_09
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_09
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 7
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_10
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_10
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 8
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_11
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_11
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 9
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_12
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_12
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 10
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1784723
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_13
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_13
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 11
GXD Expression      
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2012-06-12
Strength: Absent
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1757522
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5422697
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Specimen Label: ES1514; Specimen S352
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Control embryo
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Control embryo
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 10
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Control HL
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Control HL
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 12
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 1 embryo
Note: Expression was similar to the control.
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 1 embryo
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 13
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 1 HL
Note: Expression was similar to the control.
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 1 HL
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 15
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 2 embryo
Note: Expression was similar to the control.
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 2 embryo
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 16
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:7544090
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2023-10-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1749620
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:7544098
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 2 HL
Note: Expression was similar to the control.
Specimen Label: 4 supplement 2B Longshanks 2 HL
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 18
GXD Expression    
Probe: MGI:5002049
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2014-02-07
Strength: Absent
Sex: Male
Emaps: EMAPS:2850023
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:5542603
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: GUDMAP:8517
Specimen Label: GUDMAP:8517
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression    
Probe: MGI:5002049
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2014-02-07
Strength: Absent
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:2850023
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:5542603
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: GUDMAP:8691
Specimen Label: GUDMAP:8691
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 2
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Weak
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1738319
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS19
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 11.5
Image: 1c E11.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E11.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Weak
Sex: Male
Emaps: EMAPS:1738319
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS19
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 11.5
Image: 1c E11.5 XY
Specimen Label: 1c E11.5 XY
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 2
GXD Expression      
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2012-06-12
Strength: Absent
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1738322
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5422697
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Specimen Label: ES1514; Specimen S352
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_03
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_03
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_04
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_04
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 2
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Strong
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_05
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_05
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 3
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Strong
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_06
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_06
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 4
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_19
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_19
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 14
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_20
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_20
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 15
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:1401536
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Weak
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1747423
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4827572
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_004499_21
Specimen Label: euxassay_004499_21
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 16
GXD Expression      
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2012-06-12
Strength: Absent
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1802422
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5422697
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Specimen Label: ES1514; Specimen S352
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1679823
Pattern: Single cells
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_06
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_06
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 7
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2010-09-14
Strength: Moderate
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1679823
Pattern: Single cells
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:4828244
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: euxassay_007248_16
Specimen Label: euxassay_007248_16
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 17
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796220
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS20
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 12.5
Image: 1c E12.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E12.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 3
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796221
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS21
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 13.5
Image: 1c E13.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E13.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 5
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796222
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: 1c E14.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E14.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 7
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796223
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: 1c E15.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E15.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 9
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796224
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS24
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 16.5
Image: 1c E16.5 XX
Specimen Label: 1c E16.5 XX
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 11
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796221
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS21
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 13.5
Image: 1d E13.5
Specimen Label: 1d E13.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 13
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Strong
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796223
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: 1d E15.5
Specimen Label: 1d E15.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 14
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796221
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS21
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 13.5
Image: 3a E13.5
Note: Expression is in the cortical region.
Specimen Label: 3a E13.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 16
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796223
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: 3a E15.5
Note: Expression is in the cortical region.
Specimen Label: 3a E15.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 17
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796226
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS26
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 18.5
Image: 3a E18.5
Note: Expression is in the cortical region.
Specimen Label: 3a E18.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 18
GXD Expression
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796223
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: 3b E15.5
Note: Expression is in the cortical region.
Specimen Label: 3b E15.5
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 19
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:3718988
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2007-08-23
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796222
Pattern: Not Specified
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:3719003
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Image: 2a untreated
Specimen Label: 2a untreated
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 15
GXD Expression    
Probe: MGI:5002049
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2014-02-07
Strength: Absent
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796223
Stage: TS23
Assay Id: MGI:5542603
Age: embryonic day 15.5
Image: GUDMAP:8691
Specimen Label: GUDMAP:8691
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 2
GXD Expression  
Probe: MGI:7578919
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2024-01-30
Strength: Present
Sex: Female
Emaps: EMAPS:1796221
Pattern: Regionally restricted
Stage: TS21
Assay Id: MGI:7578925
Age: embryonic day 13.5
Note: Expression in cortical pre-granulosa cells.
Specimen Label: S7e Gng13
Detected: true
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression    
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2012-06-12
Strength: Absent
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:1768022
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5422697
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Note: Expression was not detected in the skull (base and vault).
Specimen Label: ES1514; Specimen S352
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
GXD Expression    
Probe: MGI:4428729
Assay Type: RNA in situ
Annotation Date: 2012-06-12
Strength: Absent
Sex: Not Specified
Emaps: EMAPS:2672022
Stage: TS22
Assay Id: MGI:5422697
Age: embryonic day 14.5
Note: Expression was not detected in whisker follicle.
Specimen Label: ES1514; Specimen S352
Detected: false
Specimen Num: 1
Publication
First Author: Ichiyama K
Year: 2016
Journal: Immunity
Title: The MicroRNA-183-96-182 Cluster Promotes T Helper 17 Cell Pathogenicity by Negatively Regulating Transcription Factor Foxo1 Expression.
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 1284-98
Publication  
First Author: Peng C
Year: 2018
Journal: Development
Title: Termination of cell-type specification gene programs by the miR-183 cluster determines the population sizes of low-threshold mechanosensitive neurons.
Volume: 145
Issue: 18
Publication
First Author: Krohs C
Year: 2021
Journal: J Neurosci
Title: Loss of miR-183/96 Alters Synaptic Strength via Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms at a Central Synapse.
Volume: 41
Issue: 32
Pages: 6796-6811
Publication
First Author: Busskamp V
Year: 2014
Journal: Neuron
Title: miRNAs 182 and 183 are necessary to maintain adult cone photoreceptor outer segments and visual function.
Volume: 83
Issue: 3
Pages: 586-600
Publication  
First Author: Castellan RF
Year: 2020
Journal: JCI Insight
Title: miR-96 and miR-183 differentially regulate neonatal and adult postinfarct neovascularization.
Volume: 5
Issue: 14
Publication
First Author: Miyake A
Year: 1999
Journal: J Biol Chem
Title: New ether-à-go-go K(+) channel family members localized in human telencephalon.
Volume: 274
Issue: 35
Pages: 25018-25
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Potassium channels are the most diverse group of the ion channel family [, ]. They are important in shaping the action potential, and in neuronal excitability and plasticity []. The potassium channel family is composed of several functionally distinct isoforms, which can be broadly separated into 2 groups []: the practically non-inactivating 'delayed' group and the rapidly inactivating 'transient' group.These are all highly similar proteins, with only small amino acid changes causing the diversity of the voltage-dependent gating mechanism, channel conductance and toxin binding properties. Each type of K+channel is activated by different signals and conditions depending on their type of regulation: some open in response to depolarisation of the plasma membrane; others in response to hyperpolarisation or an increase in intracellular calcium concentration; some can be regulated by binding of a transmitter, together with intracellular kinases; while others are regulated by GTP-binding proteins or other second messengers []. In eukaryotic cells, K+channels are involved in neural signalling and generation of the cardiac rhythm, act as effectors in signal transduction pathways involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and may have a role in target cell lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes []. In prokaryotic cells, they play a role in the maintenance of ionic homeostasis [].All K+channels discovered so far possess a core of alpha subunits, each comprising either one or two copies of a highly conserved pore loop domain (P-domain). The P-domain contains the sequence (T/SxxTxGxG), which has been termed the K+selectivity sequence. In families that contain one P-domain, four subunits assemble to form a selective pathway for K+across the membrane. However, it remains unclear how the 2 P-domain subunits assemble to form a selective pore. The functional diversity of these families can arise through homo- or hetero-associations of alpha subunits or association with auxiliary cytoplasmic beta subunits. K+channel subunits containing one pore domain can be assigned into one of two superfamilies: those that possess six transmembrane (TM) domains and those that possess only two TM domains. The six TM domain superfamily can be further subdivided into conserved gene families: the voltage-gated (Kv) channels; the KCNQ channels (originally known as KvLQT channels); the EAG-like K+channels; and three types of calcium (Ca)-activated K+channels (BK, IK and SK) []. The 2TM domain family comprises inward-rectifying K+channels. In addition, there are K+channel alpha-subunits that possess two P-domains. These are usually highly regulated K+selective leak channels.The first EAG K+ channel was identified in Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly), following a screen for mutations giving rise to behavioural abnormalities. Disruption of the Eag gene caused an ether-induced, leg-shaking behaviour. Subsequent studies have revealed a conserved multi-gene family of EAG-like K+ channels, which are present in human and many other species. Based on the varying functional properties of the channels, the family has been divided into 3 subfamilies: EAG, ELK and ERG. Interestingly, Caenorhabditis elegans appears to lack the ELK type [].Little is known about the properties of channels of the ELK subfamily. However, when expressed in frog oocytes, they show properties between thoseof the EAG and ERG subtypes. Included in this family are Bec1 and Bec2,brain-specific genes found in the human telencephalon regions. It is thoughtthat they are involved in cellular excitability of restricted neurons in thehuman central nervous system. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that these genesconstitute a subfamily with Elk within the Eag family []. Recently, afurther Elk subfamily member has been identified in the mouse (Melk). On thebasis of sequence similarity, this indicates a distinct subclass within this family [].
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Year: 2008
Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
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