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Search results 301 to 400 out of 440 for Ido1

0.02s
Type Details Score
Publication
First Author: Mellor AL
Year: 2005
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Cutting edge: CpG oligonucleotides induce splenic CD19+ dendritic cells to acquire potent indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent T cell regulatory functions via IFN Type 1 signaling.
Volume: 175
Issue: 9
Pages: 5601-5
Publication    
First Author: Lissner MM
Year: 2020
Journal: Elife
Title: Metabolic profiling during malaria reveals the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in regulating kidney injury.
Volume: 9
Publication
First Author: Wang Y
Year: 2010
Journal: Nat Med
Title: Kynurenine is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced during inflammation.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 279-85
Publication
First Author: Melhem NJ
Year: 2021
Journal: Circulation
Title: Endothelial Cell Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction Through Kynurenine.
Volume: 143
Issue: 6
Pages: 566-580
Publication  
First Author: Tanaka Y
Year: 2021
Journal: Int J Mol Sci
Title: Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Levels at the Onset of Sjögren's Syndrome in SATB1-Conditional Knockout Mice.
Volume: 22
Issue: 18
Publication
First Author: Sharma MD
Year: 2007
Journal: J Clin Invest
Title: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells from mouse tumor-draining lymph nodes directly activate mature Tregs via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Volume: 117
Issue: 9
Pages: 2570-82
Publication
First Author: Munn DH
Year: 2005
Journal: Immunity
Title: GCN2 kinase in T cells mediates proliferative arrest and anergy induction in response to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Volume: 22
Issue: 5
Pages: 633-42
Publication
First Author: Ito H
Year: 2015
Journal: Immunology
Title: Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity enhances the anti-tumour effects of a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist in an established cancer model.
Volume: 144
Issue: 4
Pages: 621-30
Publication
First Author: Clement CC
Year: 2021
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine is an immunomodulatory biogenic amine.
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 4447
Publication
First Author: Manlapat AK
Year: 2007
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Cell-autonomous control of interferon type I expression by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in regulatory CD19+ dendritic cells.
Volume: 37
Issue: 4
Pages: 1064-71
Publication
First Author: Tawara I
Year: 2010
Journal: J Immunol
Title: A crucial role for host APCs in the induction of donor CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of experimental graft-versus-host disease.
Volume: 185
Issue: 7
Pages: 3866-72
Publication
First Author: Lemos H
Year: 2016
Journal: Cancer Res
Title: STING Promotes the Growth of Tumors Characterized by Low Antigenicity via IDO Activation.
Volume: 76
Issue: 8
Pages: 2076-81
Publication
First Author: Stanley CP
Year: 2019
Journal: Nature
Title: Singlet molecular oxygen regulates vascular tone and blood pressure in inflammation.
Volume: 566
Issue: 7745
Pages: 548-552
Publication
First Author: Belladonna ML
Year: 2006
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Kynurenine pathway enzymes in dendritic cells initiate tolerogenesis in the absence of functional IDO.
Volume: 177
Issue: 1
Pages: 130-7
Publication
First Author: Ravishankar B
Year: 2012
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Tolerance to apoptotic cells is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Volume: 109
Issue: 10
Pages: 3909-14
Publication
First Author: Lu Y
Year: 2012
Journal: Blood
Title: IFN-γ and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase signaling between donor dendritic cells and T cells regulates graft versus host and graft versus leukemia activity.
Volume: 119
Issue: 4
Pages: 1075-85
Publication
First Author: Loughman JA
Year: 2012
Journal: J Infect Dis
Title: Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by uropathogenic bacteria attenuates innate responses to epithelial infection.
Volume: 205
Issue: 12
Pages: 1830-9
Publication
First Author: Lee J
Year: 2013
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Interferon gamma suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by regulation of Th17 through the induction of indoleamine-2,3-deoxygenase.
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: e60900
Publication
First Author: Cordonnier C
Year: 2024
Journal: PLoS Biol
Title: The Toxoplasma oxygen-sensing protein, TgPhyA, is required for resistance to interferon gamma-mediated nutritional immunity in mice.
Volume: 22
Issue: 6
Pages: e3002690
Publication
First Author: Johnson BA 3rd
Year: 2010
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: B-lymphoid cells with attributes of dendritic cells regulate T cells via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Volume: 107
Issue: 23
Pages: 10644-8
Publication
First Author: Ueno A
Year: 2007
Journal: Diabetes
Title: Transient upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells by human chorionic gonadotropin downregulates autoimmune diabetes.
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: 1686-93
Publication
First Author: Chajadine M
Year: 2024
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Harnessing intestinal tryptophan catabolism to relieve atherosclerosis in mice.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 6390
Publication
First Author: Wang Q
Year: 2014
Journal: Circ Res
Title: Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by tryptophan-derived 3-hydroxykynurenine accelerates endothelial apoptosis and dysfunction in vivo.
Volume: 114
Issue: 3
Pages: 480-92
Publication
First Author: Ohtaki H
Year: 2014
Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta
Title: Kynurenine production mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase aggravates liver injury in HBV-specific CTL-induced fulminant hepatitis.
Volume: 1842
Issue: 9
Pages: 1464-71
Publication
First Author: Fallarino F
Year: 2009
Journal: J Immunol
Title: IDO mediates TLR9-driven protection from experimental autoimmune diabetes.
Volume: 183
Issue: 10
Pages: 6303-12
Publication
First Author: Sumpter TL
Year: 2012
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Hepatic stellate cells undermine the allostimulatory function of liver myeloid dendritic cells via STAT3-dependent induction of IDO.
Volume: 189
Issue: 8
Pages: 3848-58
Publication
First Author: Cobbold SP
Year: 2009
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Infectious tolerance via the consumption of essential amino acids and mTOR signaling.
Volume: 106
Issue: 29
Pages: 12055-60
Publication  
First Author: Baumann KK
Year: 2023
Journal: Int J Mol Sci
Title: Effects of Ozone on Sickness and Depressive-like Behavioral and Biochemical Phenotypes and Their Regulation by Serum Amyloid A in Mice.
Volume: 24
Issue: 2
Publication
First Author: Orabona C
Year: 2006
Journal: Blood
Title: Toward the identification of a tolerogenic signature in IDO-competent dendritic cells.
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Pages: 2846-54
Publication
First Author: De Luca A
Year: 2007
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Functional yet balanced reactivity to Candida albicans requires TRIF, MyD88, and IDO-dependent inhibition of Rorc.
Volume: 179
Issue: 9
Pages: 5999-6008
Publication
First Author: Qu J
Year: 2019
Journal: Int J Cancer
Title: CARD9 prevents lung cancer development by suppressing the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and IDO production.
Volume: 145
Issue: 8
Pages: 2225-2237
Publication
First Author: Shinde R
Year: 2018
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Apoptotic cell-induced AhR activity is required for immunological tolerance and suppression of systemic lupus erythematosus in mice and humans.
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: 571-582
Publication
First Author: Baban B
Year: 2011
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Physiologic control of IDO competence in splenic dendritic cells.
Volume: 187
Issue: 5
Pages: 2329-35
Publication
First Author: Jasperson LK
Year: 2009
Journal: Blood
Title: Inducing the tryptophan catabolic pathway, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), for suppression of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) lethality.
Volume: 114
Issue: 24
Pages: 5062-70
Publication
First Author: Desvignes L
Year: 2009
Journal: Immunity
Title: Interferon-gamma-responsive nonhematopoietic cells regulate the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 974-85
Publication
First Author: Zelante T
Year: 2013
Journal: Immunity
Title: Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 372-85
Publication
First Author: Pallotta MT
Year: 2011
Journal: Nat Immunol
Title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a signaling protein in long-term tolerance by dendritic cells.
Volume: 12
Issue: 9
Pages: 870-8
Publication
First Author: Vinay DS
Year: 2009
Journal: Eur J Immunol
Title: Origins and functional basis of regulatory CD11c+CD8+ T cells.
Volume: 39
Issue: 6
Pages: 1552-63
Publication
First Author: Sharma MD
Year: 2009
Journal: Blood
Title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls conversion of Foxp3+ Tregs to TH17-like cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes.
Volume: 113
Issue: 24
Pages: 6102-11
Publication  
First Author: Grunewald ME
Year: 2020
Journal: J Virol
Title: Murine Coronavirus Infection Activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Independent Manner, Contributing to Cytokine Modulation and Proviral TCDD-Inducible-PARP Expression.
Volume: 94
Issue: 3
Publication
First Author: Mackler AM
Year: 2003
Journal: J Immunol
Title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is regulated by IFN-gamma in the mouse placenta during Listeria monocytogenes infection.
Volume: 170
Issue: 2
Pages: 823-30
Publication
First Author: McDermott JE
Year: 2016
Journal: BMC Syst Biol
Title: The effect of inhibition of PP1 and TNFα signaling on pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus.
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 93
Publication
First Author: Lee SM
Year: 2017
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Title: Inhibition of acute lethal pulmonary inflammation by the IDO-AhR pathway.
Volume: 114
Issue: 29
Pages: E5881-E5890
Publication
First Author: Baban B
Year: 2009
Journal: J Immunol
Title: IDO activates regulatory T cells and blocks their conversion into Th17-like T cells.
Volume: 183
Issue: 4
Pages: 2475-83
Publication  
First Author: Li Q
Year: 2021
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: IL-10-/- Enhances DCs Immunity Against Chlamydia psittaci Infection via OX40L/NLRP3 and IDO/Treg Pathways.
Volume: 12
Pages: 645653
Publication
First Author: Yun TJ
Year: 2016
Journal: Cell Metab
Title: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Expressing Aortic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Protect against Atherosclerosis by Induction of Regulatory T Cells.
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 852-66
Publication
First Author: Centuori SM
Year: 2012
Journal: J Leukoc Biol
Title: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells from tumor-bearing mice impair TGF-β-induced differentiation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs from CD4+CD25-FoxP3- T cells.
Volume: 92
Issue: 5
Pages: 987-97
Publication  
First Author: Tousif S
Year: 2021
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase Promotes Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Differentiation Of Regulatory B Cells in Lung Cancer.
Volume: 12
Pages: 747780
Publication
First Author: Wong AC
Year: 2023
Journal: Cell
Title: Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection.
Volume: 186
Issue: 22
Pages: 4851-4867.e20
Publication
First Author: Zhao F
Year: 2018
Journal: Immunity
Title: Paracrine Wnt5a-β-Catenin Signaling Triggers a Metabolic Program that Drives Dendritic Cell Tolerization.
Volume: 48
Issue: 1
Pages: 147-160.e7
Publication
First Author: Van NT
Year: 2023
Journal: Nat Commun
Title: Dietary L-Tryptophan consumption determines the number of colonic regulatory T cells and susceptibility to colitis via GPR15.
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 7363
Publication
First Author: Sharma MD
Year: 2015
Journal: Sci Adv
Title: The PTEN pathway in Tregs is a critical driver of the suppressive tumor microenvironment.
Volume: 1
Issue: 10
Pages: e1500845
Publication
First Author: Gullicksrud JA
Year: 2022
Journal: Mucosal Immunol
Title: Enterocyte-innate lymphoid cell crosstalk drives early IFN-γ-mediated control of Cryptosporidium.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: 362-372
Publication  
First Author: Zengeler KE
Year: 2022
Journal: Brain Behav Immun
Title: SSRI treatment modifies the effects of maternal inflammation on in utero physiology and offspring neurobiology.
Volume: 108
Pages: 80-97
Publication      
First Author: Shanghai Model Organisms Center
Year: 2017
Journal: MGI Direct Data Submission
Title: Information obtained from the Shanghai Model Organisms Center (SMOC), Shanghai, China
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Mouse Genetics Project (MGP)
Year: 2011
Journal: Database Release
Title: Obtaining and Loading Phenotype Annotations from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) Mouse Resources Portal
Publication
First Author: Ingham NJ
Year: 2019
Journal: PLoS Biol
Title: Mouse screen reveals multiple new genes underlying mouse and human hearing loss.
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: e3000194
Publication        
First Author: GO Central curators, GOA curators, Rhea curators
Year: 2020
Title: Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
Publication        
First Author: GOA curators, MGI curators
Year: 2001
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
Publication
First Author: Visel A
Year: 2004
Journal: Nucleic Acids Res
Title: GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo.
Volume: 32
Issue: Database issue
Pages: D552-6
Publication      
First Author: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Year: 2010
Journal: MGI Direct Data Submission
Title: Alleles produced for the EUCOMM and EUCOMMTools projects by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Publication        
First Author: The Gene Ontology Consortium
Year: 2014
Title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs
Publication        
First Author: UniProt-GOA
Year: 2012
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Publication        
First Author: DDB, FB, MGI, GOA, ZFIN curators
Year: 2001
Title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Publication
First Author: Adams DJ
Year: 2024
Journal: Nature
Title: Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo.
Volume: 627
Issue: 8002
Pages: 130-136
Publication        
First Author: MGD Nomenclature Committee
Year: 1995
Title: Nomenclature Committee Use
Publication        
First Author: GemPharmatech
Year: 2020
Title: GemPharmatech Website.
Publication
First Author: Skarnes WC
Year: 2011
Journal: Nature
Title: A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function.
Volume: 474
Issue: 7351
Pages: 337-42
Publication        
First Author: Cyagen Biosciences Inc.
Year: 2022
Title: Cyagen Biosciences Website.
Publication        
First Author: UniProt-GOA
Year: 2012
Title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Publication        
First Author: GOA curators
Year: 2016
Title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Publication      
First Author: The Jackson Laboratory Mouse Radiation Hybrid Database
Year: 2004
Journal: Database Release
Title: Mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid Data Load
Publication        
First Author: The Gene Ontology Consortium
Year: 2010
Title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs
Publication
First Author: Diez-Roux G
Year: 2011
Journal: PLoS Biol
Title: A high-resolution anatomical atlas of the transcriptome in the mouse embryo.
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: e1000582
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2002
Title: Mouse Genome Informatics Computational Sequence to Gene Associations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome U74 Array Platform (A, B, C v2).
Publication      
First Author: MGI Genome Annotation Group and UniGene Staff
Year: 2015
Journal: Database Download
Title: MGI-UniGene Interconnection Effort
Publication        
First Author: Marc Feuermann, Huaiyu Mi, Pascale Gaudet, Dustin Ebert, Anushya Muruganujan, Paul Thomas
Year: 2010
Title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Database and National Center for Biotechnology Information
Year: 2000
Journal: Database Release
Title: Entrez Gene Load
Publication      
First Author: Allen Institute for Brain Science
Year: 2004
Journal: Allen Institute
Title: Allen Brain Atlas: mouse riboprobes
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2009
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array Platform
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Download
Title: Consensus CDS project
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Group
Year: 2003
Journal: Database Procedure
Title: Automatic Encodes (AutoE) Reference
Publication      
First Author: Bairoch A
Year: 1999
Journal: Database Release
Title: SWISS-PROT Annotated protein sequence database
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2005
Title: Obtaining and Loading Genome Assembly Coordinates from Ensembl Annotations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics
Year: 2010
Journal: Database Release
Title: Protein Ontology Association Load.
Publication        
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2005
Title: Obtaining and loading genome assembly coordinates from NCBI annotations
Publication      
First Author: Mouse Genome Informatics Scientific Curators
Year: 2009
Journal: Database Download
Title: Mouse Microarray Data Integration in Mouse Genome Informatics, the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array Platform
Publication
First Author: Affolter T
Year: 2019
Journal: PLoS One
Title: Inhibition of immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA-4, and IDO1 coordinately induces immune-mediated liver injury in mice.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Pages: e0217276
Publication
First Author: Churchhouse AMD
Year: 2024
Journal: Oncogene
Title: Loss of DOCK2 potentiates Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated colorectal cancer via immune dysfunction and IFNγ induction of IDO1 expression.
Volume: 43
Issue: 42
Pages: 3094-3107
Allele
Name: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; targeted mutation 1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center
Allele Type: Targeted
Attribute String: Humanized sequence, Inserted expressed sequence
Publication
First Author: Yuasa HJ
Year: 2015
Journal: FEBS J
Title: Low efficiency IDO2 enzymes are conserved in lower vertebrates, whereas higher efficiency IDO1 enzymes are dispensable.
Volume: 282
Issue: 14
Pages: 2735-45
Publication
First Author: Löb S
Year: 2009
Journal: Cancer Immunol Immunother
Title: IDO1 and IDO2 are expressed in human tumors: levo- but not dextro-1-methyl tryptophan inhibits tryptophan catabolism.
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: 153-7
Strain
Attribute String: targeted mutation, mutant stock
Allele
Name: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; endonuclease-mediated mutation 1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center
Allele Type: Endonuclease-mediated
Attribute String: Conditional ready, No functional change
Strain
Attribute String: coisogenic, mutant strain, targeted mutation, endonuclease-mediated mutation
Strain
Attribute String: coisogenic, endonuclease-mediated mutation, mutant strain
Protein Domain
Type: Family
Description: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxgyenase (IDO, ) [, ]is a cytosolic heme protein which, together with the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, catalyses the conversion of tryptophan and other indole derivatives to kynurenines. It is widely distributed in human tissues, involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses [, ]. The degradative action of IDO on tryptophan leads to cell death by starvation of this essential and relatively scarce amino acid. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. IDO also acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity and limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan. Elevated IDO1 expression is a hallmark of major viral infections including HIV, HBV, HCV or influenza and also of major bacteria infections []. This enzyme has also been associated to protection of the fetus from maternal immune rejection []. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from yeast (BNA2) plays a role in the cellular response to telomere uncapping []. IDO is a heme-containing enzyme of about 400 amino acids. Site-directed mutagenesis showed His346 () to be essential for haem binding, indicating that this histidine residue may be the proximal ligand. Mutation of Asp274 also compromised the ability of IDO to bind haem, suggesting that Asp274 may coordinate to heme directly as the distal ligand or is essential in maintaining the conformation of the haem pocket []. There are two IDO enzyme catalysing the same reaction, IDO1 and IDO2 which differ in their affinity for tryptophan being IDO2 affinity for tryptophan much lower than that of IDO1. 50% of Caucasians harbor polymorphisms which abolish IDO2 enzymatic activity. IDO2 is expressed in human tumors in an inactive form, thus, tryptophan degradation is entirely provided by IDO1 in these cells []. IDO2 may play a role as a negative regulator of IDO1 by competing for heme-binding with IDO1[]. ALthough low efficiency IDO2 enzymes have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, higher efficiency IDO1 enzymes are dispensable in many lower vertebrate lineages []. It is suggested that IDO1 may have arisen by gene duplication of a more ancient proto-IDO gene before the divergence of marsupial and eutherian (placental) mammals.Other proteins that are evolutionarily related to IDO include myoglobin from the red muscle of the archaeogastropodic molluscs, Nordotis madaka (Giant abalone) and Sulculus diversicolor [, ]. These unusual globins lack enzymatic activity but have kept the heme group.
Protein Domain
Type: Homologous_superfamily
Description: This superfamily represents the tryptophan and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase () enzymes are involved in tryptophan metabolism, which catalyses the oxidative cleavage of the L-tryptophan (L-Trp) pyrrole ring [].Indoleamine 2,3-dioxgyenase (IDO, ) [, ]is a cytosolic heme protein which, together with the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, catalyses the conversion of tryptophan and other indole derivatives to kynurenines. It is widely distributed in human tissues, involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses [, ]. The degradative action of IDO on tryptophan leads to cell death by starvation of this essential and relatively scarce amino acid. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. IDO also acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity and limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan. Elevated IDO1 expression is a hallmark of major viral infections including HIV, HBV, HCV or influenza and also of major bacteria infections []. This enzyme has also been associated to protection of the fetus from maternal immune rejection []. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from yeast (BNA2) plays a role in the cellular response to telomere uncapping []. IDO is a heme-containing enzyme of about 400 amino acids. Site-directed mutagenesis showed His346 () to be essential for haem binding, indicating that this histidine residue may be the proximal ligand. Mutation of Asp274 also compromised the ability of IDO to bind haem, suggesting that Asp274 may coordinate to heme directly as the distal ligand or is essential in maintaining the conformation of the haem pocket []. There are two IDO enzyme catalysing the same reaction, IDO1 and IDO2 which differ in their affinity for tryptophan being IDO2 affinity for tryptophan much lower than that of IDO1. 50% of Caucasians harbor polymorphisms which abolish IDO2 enzymatic activity. IDO2 is expressed in human tumors in an inactive form, thus, tryptophan degradation is entirely provided by IDO1 in these cells []. IDO2 may play a role as a negative regulator of IDO1 by competing for heme-binding with IDO1[]. ALthough low efficiency IDO2 enzymes have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, higher efficiency IDO1 enzymes are dispensable in many lower vertebrate lineages []. It is suggested that IDO1 may have arisen by gene duplication of a more ancient proto-IDO gene before the divergence of marsupial and eutherian (placental) mammals.Other proteins that are evolutionarily related to IDO include myoglobin from the red muscle of the archaeogastropodic molluscs, Nordotis madaka (Giant abalone) and Sulculus diversicolor [, ]. These unusual globins lack enzymatic activity but have kept the heme group.
Publication  
First Author: van Baren N
Year: 2015
Journal: Front Immunol
Title: Tryptophan-degrading enzymes in tumoral immune resistance.
Volume: 6
Pages: 34