Type |
Details |
Score |
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
ht |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
hm |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Könner AC |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Insulin action in AgRP-expressing neurons is required for suppression of hepatic glucose production. |
Volume: |
5 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
438-49 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bruschetta G |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Mol Metab |
Title: |
Prolyl carboxypeptidase in Agouti-related Peptide neurons modulates food intake and body weight. |
Volume: |
10 |
|
Pages: |
28-38 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Homologous_superfamily |
Description: |
The agouti signaling protein (ASIP or the agouti protein) and its neuropeptide homologue the agouti-related protein (AgRP) are paracrine signaling molecules that act as inverse agonists at distinct subsets of melanocortin receptors. ASIP antagonizes the binding of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), switching melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black/brown) to phaeomelanin (red/yellow). The effect of ASIP on pigment type-switching is responsible for a variety of coat color patterns accross a broad range of mammalian species. AgRP is involved in energy balance and acts normally at the MC3R and MC4R to control body weight regulation and metabolism [, ].Sequence similarity between ASIP and AgRP is confined to their Cys-rich C-terminal domains, which are also responsible for melanocortin receptor binding activity in vitro. Approximately 40 residues in length, there are ten cysteine residues in the C-terminal domain that form a network of five disulfide bonds. The agouti C-terminal domain contains a three-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, where the last two strands form a beta hairpin. The hairpin's turn region presents a triplet of residues (Arg-Phe-Phe) known to be essential for melanocortin receptor binding. The agouti C-terminal domain adopts the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) or knottin fold identified in numerous invertebrate toxins [, ].The agouti domain covers the 10 cysteines involved in disulfide bonds. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein Domain |
Type: |
Domain |
Description: |
The agouti signaling protein (ASIP or the agouti protein) and its neuropeptide homologue the agouti-related protein (AgRP) are paracrine signaling molecules that act as inverse agonists at distinct subsets of melanocortin receptors. ASIP antagonizes the binding of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), switching melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black/brown) to phaeomelanin (red/yellow). The effect of ASIP on pigment type-switching is responsible for a variety of coat color patterns accross a broad range of mammalian species. AgRP is involved in energy balance and acts normally at the MC3R and MC4R to control body weight regulation and metabolism [, ].Sequence similarity between ASIP and AgRP is confined to their Cys-rich C-terminal domains, which are also responsible for melanocortin receptor binding activity in vitro. Approximately 40 residues in length, there are ten cysteine residues in the C-terminal domain that form a network of five disulfide bonds. The agouti C-terminal domain contains a three-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, where the last two strands form a beta hairpin. The hairpin's turn region presents a triplet of residues (Arg-Phe-Phe) known to be essential for melanocortin receptor binding. The agouti C-terminal domain adopts the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) or knottin fold identified in numerous invertebrate toxins [, ].This entry represents the agouti domain which covers the 10 cysteines involved in disulfide bonds. |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Shin AC |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Insulin Receptor Signaling in POMC, but Not AgRP, Neurons Controls Adipose Tissue Insulin Action. |
Volume: |
66 |
Issue: |
6 |
Pages: |
1560-1571 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Zhang X |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
Hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. |
Volume: |
135 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
61-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xu AW |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
J Clin Invest |
Title: |
PI3K integrates the action of insulin and leptin on hypothalamic neurons. |
Volume: |
115 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
951-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kocalis HE |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Mol Metab |
Title: |
Rictor/mTORC2 facilitates central regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
394-407 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
131
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
131
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
131
 |
Fragment?: |
false |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Protein |
Organism: |
Mus musculus/domesticus |
Length: |
118
 |
Fragment?: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
agouti related neuropeptide; targeted mutation 1, Richard D Palmiter |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Inducible, Recombinase |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
transgene insertion, Jeffrey M Zigman |
Allele Type: |
Transgenic |
Attribute String: |
Inducible, Recombinase |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Prkaa2/Prkaa2 Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S2/SvPas * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Grin1/Grin1 |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S4/SvJaeSor |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Tph2/Tph2 |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6NCr |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Nhlh2/Nhlh2 Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6 * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Lepr/Lepr Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129 * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129 * C57BL/6J * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Xu AW |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
PLoS Biol |
Title: |
Effects of hypothalamic neurodegeneration on energy balance. |
Volume: |
3 |
Issue: |
12 |
Pages: |
e415 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pierce AA |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
J Neurosci |
Title: |
De novo neurogenesis in adult hypothalamus as a compensatory mechanism to regulate energy balance. |
Volume: |
30 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
723-30 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Sasaki T |
Year: |
2014 |
Journal: |
Diabetologia |
Title: |
Hypothalamic SIRT1 prevents age-associated weight gain by improving leptin sensitivity in mice. |
Volume: |
57 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
819-31 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lin HV |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
Divergent regulation of energy expenditure and hepatic glucose production by insulin receptor in agouti-related protein and POMC neurons. |
Volume: |
59 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
337-46 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Unger EK |
Year: |
2010 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Functional role of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in feeding regulation. |
Volume: |
151 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
671-82 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lee JH |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
Biomolecules |
Title: |
Neuronal GHS-R Differentially Modulates Feeding Patterns under Normal and Obesogenic Conditions. |
Volume: |
12 |
Issue: |
2 |
|
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Allele |
Name: |
agouti related neuropeptide; targeted mutation 1, Bradford B Lowell |
Allele Type: |
Targeted |
Attribute String: |
Recombinase |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Tg(Pomc-EGFP)1Low/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Lep/Lep |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Slc17a6/Slc17a6 |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129 * C57BL/6J * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: C57BL/6 * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Klöckener T |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Nat Neurosci |
Title: |
High-fat feeding promotes obesity via insulin receptor/PI3K-dependent inhibition of SF-1 VMH neurons. |
Volume: |
14 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
911-8 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Strain |
Attribute String: |
mutant stock, targeted mutation |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Slc32a1/Slc32a1 |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Lepr/Lepr |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Rock1/Rock1 Agrp/Agrp<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * C57BL/6 * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Tbx3/Tbx3 Agrp/Agrp<+> |
Background: |
involves: C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Nampt/Nampt Agrp/Agrp<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6JBomTac |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Slc32a1/Slc32a1 |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> Tg(Agrp-cre)1Gsb/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Klf4/Klf4 |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ren D |
Year: |
2005 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Identification of SH2-B as a key regulator of leptin sensitivity, energy balance, and body weight in mice. |
Volume: |
2 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
95-104 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Ravussin A |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Cell Rep |
Title: |
Loss of Nucleobindin-2 Causes Insulin Resistance in Obesity without Impacting Satiety or Adiposity. |
Volume: |
24 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1085-1092.e6 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Wang H |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase in neurons modifies the regulation of energy balance and leads to obesity. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
105-13 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bai L |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Cell |
Title: |
Genetic Identification of Vagal Sensory Neurons That Control Feeding. |
Volume: |
179 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
1129-1143.e23 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lee NK |
Year: |
2017 |
Journal: |
Sci Rep |
Title: |
Agouti Related Peptide Secreted Via Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Upregulates Proteasome Activity in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. |
Volume: |
7 |
|
Pages: |
39340 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Anderson KA |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Cell Metab |
Title: |
Hypothalamic CaMKK2 contributes to the regulation of energy balance. |
Volume: |
7 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
377-88 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Purkayastha S |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Nat Med |
Title: |
Uncoupling the mechanisms of obesity and hypertension by targeting hypothalamic IKK-β and NF-κB. |
Volume: |
17 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
883-7 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Schneeberger M |
Year: |
2012 |
Journal: |
Mol Metab |
Title: |
Deletion of miRNA processing enzyme Dicer in POMC-expressing cells leads to pituitary dysfunction, neurodegeneration and development of obesity. |
Volume: |
2 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
74-85 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
A/a Agrp/Agrp<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * KK/Upj |
Zygosity: |
cx |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Lepr/Lepr Tg(Pomc1-hrGFP)1Lowl/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Slc32a1/Slc32a1 Tg(Pomc1-hrGFP)1Lowl/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Gt(ROSA)26Sor/Gt(ROSA)26Sor<+> |
Background: |
involves: 129S4/SvJaeSor * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Tg(CAG-Bgeo/GFP)21Lbe/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Genotype |
Symbol: |
Agrp/Agrp<+> Tg(Npy-hrGFP)1Lowl/? |
Background: |
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB |
Zygosity: |
cn |
Has Mutant Allele: |
true |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Yang YK |
Year: |
1999 |
Journal: |
Mol Endocrinol |
Title: |
Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors. |
Volume: |
13 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
148-55 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Kim SG |
Year: |
2013 |
Journal: |
Mol Cell Biol |
Title: |
Control of energy balance by hypothalamic gene circuitry involving two nuclear receptors, neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 and glucocorticoid receptor. |
Volume: |
33 |
Issue: |
19 |
Pages: |
3826-34 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tsuruta Y |
Year: |
2002 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab |
Title: |
Hyperleptinemia in A(y)/a mice upregulates arcuate cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression. |
Volume: |
282 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
E967-73 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Lee M |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab |
Title: |
Transgenic MSH overexpression attenuates the metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. |
Volume: |
293 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
E121-31 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Cao L |
Year: |
2009 |
Journal: |
Nat Med |
Title: |
Molecular therapy of obesity and diabetes by a physiological autoregulatory approach. |
Volume: |
15 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
447-54 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Bentsen MA |
Year: |
2020 |
Journal: |
Nat Commun |
Title: |
Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission. |
Volume: |
11 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
4458 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Mirzadeh Z |
Year: |
2019 |
Journal: |
Nat Metab |
Title: |
Perineuronal Net Formation during the Critical Period for Neuronal Maturation in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus. |
Volume: |
1 |
Issue: |
2 |
Pages: |
212-221 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Pan W |
Year: |
2018 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Essential Role for Hypothalamic Calcitonin Receptor‒Expressing Neurons in the Control of Food Intake by Leptin. |
Volume: |
159 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
1860-1872 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Nilsson IA |
Year: |
2011 |
Journal: |
Glia |
Title: |
Evidence of hypothalamic degeneration in the anorectic anx/anx mouse. |
Volume: |
59 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
45-57 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Tolle V |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Diabetes |
Title: |
In vivo evidence for inverse agonism of Agouti-related peptide in the central nervous system of proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice. |
Volume: |
57 |
Issue: |
1 |
Pages: |
86-94 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Asakawa A |
Year: |
2007 |
Journal: |
Int J Mol Med |
Title: |
Ins2Akita mice exhibit hyperphagia and anxiety behavior via the melanocortin system. |
Volume: |
19 |
Issue: |
4 |
Pages: |
649-52 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Gong L |
Year: |
2008 |
Journal: |
Endocrinology |
Title: |
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 is required in hypothalamic agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y neurons for normal energy homeostasis. |
Volume: |
149 |
Issue: |
7 |
Pages: |
3346-54 |
|
•
•
•
•
•
|
Publication |
First Author: |
Naser W |
Year: |
2022 |
Journal: |
FASEB J |
Title: |
Cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein contributes to regulation of adiposity, food intake, and glucose metabolism. |
Volume: |
36 |
Issue: |
5 |
Pages: |
e22320 |
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